混积岩储层特征--以酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩为例

混积岩是指陆源碎屑与碳酸盐组分经混合沉积作用而形成的岩石,广义混积岩包括由陆源碎屑与碳酸盐组分在空间上构成交替互层或夹层的混合。本文在大量资料调研基础上,结合酒泉盆地青西凹陷下白垩统混积岩储层薄片观察、场发射扫描电镜观察、全岩及黏土矿物分析、压汞测试、纳米CT等研究工作,分析了混积岩储层岩性组合、储层特征等。宏观上,混积岩岩性复杂多样,由白云质泥岩、泥质白云岩、灰质泥岩、灰质白云岩、白云质灰岩等组成,剖面上呈现大段厚层式、厚夹薄层式、近等厚互层式三种组合样式;微观上,黏土矿物、碳酸盐矿物及有机质等呈纹层状或块状分布;储集空间主要为微-纳米级的粒间孔、粒内孔以及微裂缝,矿物组成及其含量是影响储集空间类型的一个主要因素;多数混积岩储层孔隙度、渗透率低,为致密储层。     

街头抢劫者前犯罪经历对其后作案地选择的影响

作案地选择是犯罪地理学的研究主题。已有的重复作案地选择的研究表明,犯罪者“前案件”作案地选择对他们“后案件”作案地选择具有影响,但以往研究关注的是先前的犯罪时间和地点对其后续作案地选择的影响,仍未检验犯罪者在“前案件”中犯罪经历的具体作用。因此,论文以中国东南沿海ZG市为例,利用街头抢劫者的抓捕数据和混合Logit模型,聚焦探析街头抢劫者先前的个体犯罪经历对他们随后的作案地选择的影响。研究发现：街头抢劫者在“前案件”中的犯罪间隔、犯罪出行和当场被捕等个体犯罪经历对其“后案件”作案地选择具有强烈的影响,即“前后案件”的犯罪间隔越临近、“前案件”犯罪出行距离越短,以及“前案件”未当场被捕,则大大增加了街头抢劫者返回到先前抢劫区域再次犯罪的可能性。并通过警察访谈和结合理论分析,发现“前案件”未当场被捕是由犯罪者当场被捕的恐惧感、警察特殊的干预方式,以及社会凝聚力和犯罪防控的相互作用而形成。研究结论可为警务部门的“事前防控”与“主动处置”提供一定的参考。     

叁期尘肺CT表现与肺内二氧化硅含量的关系分析

目的：应用双源CT双能量扫描技术测量叁期尘肺患者肺组织内二氧化硅（SiO₂）含量及混合能量CT值,探讨SiO₂含量与其沉积部位及叁期尘肺主要CT表现的关系。结果：①尘肺组肺组织内SiO₂含量为（0.57±0.49）mg/mL,健康对照组为（0.26±0.20）mg/mL;尘肺组混合能量CT值为（-777.72±111.33）HU,健康对照组为（-829.95±112.31）HU。尘肺组SiO₂含量和混合能量CT值均高于健康对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（P=0.00）。②比较尘肺组患者肺组织不同沉积部位间SiO₂含量和混合能量CT值,发现气管分叉下3cm层面SiO₂含量和混合能量CT值均最高,气管分叉下缘层面次之,主动脉弓上缘层面最低,提示叁期尘肺患者肺组织内SiO₂主要分布在两下肺野,由下而上其SiO₂含量逐渐减低。③比较尘肺组CT影像表现的复杂程度与SiO₂含量和混合能量CT值关系,含有5种CT征象者SiO₂含量及混合能量CT值最高,均值分别为（0.72±0.58）mg/mL及（-719.30±154.68）HU;仅含1种CT征象者SiO₂含量及混合能量CT值最低,均值分别为（0.49±0.40）mg/mL及（-809.74±105.60）HU。提示叁期尘肺患者CT表现越复杂,其肺组织SiO₂含量及混合能量CT值越高。结论：双源CT双能量扫描技术可以量化叁期尘肺患者肺组织内SiO₂含量及混合能量CT值,其混合能量CT值与SiO₂含量有关,SiO₂含量与其沉积部位的CT影像表现有关。     

Precipitation water storage capacity in a temperate mixed oak–beech canopy

The storage capacity of a temperate mixed oak–beech stand was investigated as a function of stand density and species composition. Measurements were performed in selected zones delimited by three neighbouring trees. Three independent approaches were compared: (i) a spraying laboratory experiment to estimate the water storage on foliage before and after dripping; (ii) a mechanistic model describing rainfall partitioning within the forest canopy and providing estimates of foliage storage capacities; and (iii) linear regression analyses to evaluate the canopy (foliage + branches) storage capacity using the relationship between throughfall and rainfall. Good agreement was generally observed between the laboratory experiment and the mechanistic model estimates, while estimations from the regression method tended to exceed those from the other approaches. Storage capacity estimates ranged from 0·22 mm to 0·80 mm for pure oak zones, from 0·24 mm to 1·12 mm for mixed zones and from 0·53 mm to 1·17 mm for pure beech zones. The increase of storage capacity with increasing proportion of beech in the canopy resulted from higher beech LAI compared with oak. Similarly, for mixed and pure beech canopies, storage capacity was higher for high density zones than for low density zones as a result of the increase in LAI with increasing local basal area; in contrast, for pure oak, the storage capacity was not related to basal area because of the lower shade‐tolerance of this species compared with beech. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Deduction of the Sensible Heat Flux from SODAR Data

A new method for deduction of the sensible heat flux is validated with three sets of published SODAR （sound detection and ranging） data. Although the related expressions have previously been confirmed by the author with surface layer data, they have not yet been validated with observations from the boundary layer before this work. In the study, selected SODAR data are used to test the method for the convective boundary layer. The sensible heat flux （SHF） retrieved from SODAR data is found to decrease linearly with height in the mixed layer. The surface sensible heat fluxes derived from the deduced sensible heat flux profiles under convective conditions agree well with those measured by the eddy correlation method. The characteristics of SHF profiles deduced from SODAR data in different places reflect the background meteorology and terrain. The upper part of the SHF profile （SHFP） for a complicated terrain is found to have a different slope from the lower part. It is suggested that the former reflects the advective characteristic of turbulence in upwind topography. A similarity relationship for the estimation of SHFP in a well mixed layer with surface SHF and zero-heat-flux layer height is presented.     

The impact of northern Indian Ocean rivers on the Bay of Bengal using NEMO global ocean model

The effect of river runoff over the northern Indian Ocean(NIO) especially over the Bay of Bengal(Bo B) has been studied using global Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean(NEMO). Two sensitivity experiments, with and without river runoff are conducted and the influence of river runoff on the Indian Ocean hydrography,stratification and circulation features are studied. It is found that due to river runoff surface salinity over the northern Bo B decreases by more than 5 and the East India Coastal Current strengthens by 2 cm/s during post monsoon season. The fresh river water reaches up to 15°N in the Bo B and is the main cause for low salinity there.Sea surface temperature in the northwestern Bo B increases by more than 0.2℃ due to the river runoff in summer monsoon while surface cooling upto 0.2℃ is seen in north-west part of Bo B in winter season. The seasonal mixed layer depth in the region is found to be dependent on river runoff. The effect of vertical shear and Brunt Vaisala frequency on stratification is also examined. The ocean water becomes highly stratified up to 3 035 m due to the river runoff. It is found that the energy required for mixing is high in the northern and coastal Bo B.     

近20年青海湖湖水面积变化遥感

采用NOAA/AVHRR资料,对青海湖湖面进行水体判识,并利用线性混合模式对混合象元进行处理,定量估算了近20年青海湖湖水面积并分析了变化趋势,表明近20年青海湖湖水面积在不断减小,每年减少约4km2,并且青海湖干涸部分主要在其北部.进一步采用主成分分析和回归分析方法对青海湖地区降水、气温和蒸发量做了初步气候分析,表明青海湖地区降水减少、气温升高、蒸发量增加是青海湖湖水面积逐年减少的主要原因.     

东经120°E中间层和低热层大气潮汐及其季节变化特征

利用为期一年的卫星遥感温度（SABER/TIMED）资料重建了120°E子午圈内中间层和低热层大气潮汐各主要频率分量（周日、半日和8小时潮汐）.这些主要频率分量随高度振幅增大，在97 km高度达到显著的振幅；其中迁移性周日潮汐在97 km高度出现极大振幅，然后随高度衰减.本文从考察迁移性成分和非迁移性成分各自在总潮汐中贡献角度出发，着重讨论了那些对形成该子午圈中97 km高度上整体潮汐扰动起控制作用的潮汐成分.结果显示，对周日和半日频率这两种潮汐而言，迁移性成分控制了它们的总体时空分布.在春分季节，迁移性周日潮的控制作用最显著，决定了赤道和两半球热带的活动中心；其中北半球副热带地区的季节变化形势与以往利用武汉（30°N，114°E）流星雷达风测量资料开展分析得到的结果是一致的；其他季节受非迁移性成分明显影响，例如，在本文关注的2005年中，夏至季节受（1，0）模、（1，-3）模和（1，-2）模的共同影响形成了从赤道向南延伸的活动中心，极值中心位于赤道附近，振幅达到了20 K以上，是全年的最大值.受迁移性成分控制，半日潮活动主要出现在两半球热带地区，北半球活动中心位于秋分季节（振幅达到13 K），南半球活动中心位于春分和夏至之间.其他季节受非迁移成分的影响，形成若干分布在两半球的活动中心.在本文关注的40°S～40°N范围内，与周日潮和半日潮相比，8小时潮汐具有显著较低的振幅；另外，虽然迁移性成分在一年中的大部分时间系统地分布在两半球热带地区，但是非迁移成分具有与迁移性成分相当或更大的振幅，在整体上控制了这种潮汐的时空分布.     

Mean sea level trends around the English Channel over the 20th century and their wider context

This paper provides estimates of rates of change in mean sea level around the English Channel, based on an extensive new hourly sea level data set for the south coast of the UK, derived from data archaeology. Mean sea level trends are found to vary by between 0.8 and 2.3 mm/yr around the Channel. The rates of mean sea level change are calculated by removing the coherent part of the sea level variability from the time series of annual mean sea level before fitting linear trends. The improvement in accuracy gained by using this approach is assessed by comparing trends with those calculated using the more traditional method, in which linear trends are fitted directly to the original records. Removal of the coherent part of the sea level variability allows more precise trends to be calculated from records spanning 30 years. With the traditional approach 50 years is required to obtain the same level of accuracy. Rates of vertical land movement are approximated by subtracting the mean sea level trends from the most recent regional estimate of change in sea level due to oceanographic processes only. These estimated rates are compared to measurements from geological data and advanced geodetic techniques. There is good agreement around most of the UK. However, the rates estimated from the sea level records imply that the geological data suggest too much submergence along the western and central parts of the UK south coast. Lastly, the paper evaluates whether the high rates of mean sea level rise of the last decade are unusual compared to trends observed at other periods in the historical record and finds that they are not.     

利用多源高度计资料提取南海低模态内潮能量

吕宋海峡由于剧烈变化的地形成为内潮产生的源地,内潮是海洋混合的重要原因。为了认知南海的内潮能通量分布,对南海的内潮有更好的理解,本文利用21世纪以来发射的多颗高度计卫星:J2、J1T、GFO以及EN,提取了吕宋海峡附近内潮的能通量。研究使用了调和分析和高通滤波等方法来提取第一模态内潮,主要提取K_1,K_2,M_2,N_2,O_1,P_1,Q_1和S_2八个分潮。同时结合WOA数据对能通量进行计算。结果表明,目标区域潮汐以全日分潮为主,所选区域的全日分潮中K_1所占比例最大;半日分潮中M_2分潮最强,而内潮的能通量则是M_2分潮所占最大,在吕宋海峡区域M_2能通量为6.45GW。内潮主要产生在地形变化剧烈的地方,海域的大部分地区内潮能量很小。在吕宋海峡中部,全日分潮能通量要小于南部地区,而半日分潮则有较大值。