不同岩溶动力系统的碳稳定同位素和地球化学特征及其意义——以我国几个典型岩溶地区为例

结合水化学的野外观测及室内计算,作者对桂林岩溶试验场、四川黄龙风景区和贵州乌江渡坝区3个岩溶动力系统的碳稳定同位素特征进行了分析,进而对系统的性质、系统中CO_2的来源、碳酸盐沉积过程中的碳同位素动力分馏、水化学和钙华的成因及热水钙华的~(14)C测年等地球化学问题作了探讨。结果表明,桂林岩溶试验场属于表层岩溶作用动力系统,其中的侵蚀动力主要来源于大气降水溶解土壤中的CO_2;四川黄龙风景区属于深部岩溶动力系统,侵蚀动力来自大气降水溶解幔源的CO_2;贵州乌江渡坝区岩溶系统,虽然属于表层岩溶动力系统,但其中一部分的同位素和水化学特征已受到人类活动的重大影响。     

Source mechanism of small-moderate earth- quakes and tectonic stress field in Yunnan Province

IntroductionYunnanProvinceislocatedinthesouthofNorth-SouthseismiczoneinChina.ItisoneofthehighseismicactiveregionsinChinesemainland.Morethanonehundredstrongearthquakeswithmagnitude6ormoreoccurredinthisregioninhistory.AsanimportantsoutheasternmarginofTibetanPlateau,YunnanregionisahotspotinstudyonthedynamicsofTibetanPlateau.Theactionsofcompressivestressinnorth-southorientationandgravitationalpotentialcausedlateralextrusionofmaterialintheplateauwiththeupliftingofTibetanPlateau.Severalblocksa…     

INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCES AND MOISTURE SINKS OVER THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC AND THEIR RELATIONS TO THE SST ANOMALIES

The interannual variations of atmospheric heat sources and moisture sinks over the Equatorial Pacific and their relations with the SST anomalies are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. It is found by singular value decomposition (SVD)…     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEAT SOURCE ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUMMER MONSOON ONSET OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND THE POSSIBLE MECHANISM RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS LATE OR EARLY ONSET

The characteristics of atmospheric heat source associated with the summer monsoon onset in the South China Sea (SCS) are studied using ECMWF reanalysis data from 1979 to 1993. A criterion of the SCS summer monsoon onset is defined by the atmospheric hea…     

Large-Eddy Simulations of the Baroclinic Mixed Layer

The effects of baroclinicity, imposed on the dry mixed layer by the presenceof large-scale, horizontal temperature gradients, have been investigated basedon a large-eddy simulation model. The purpose of this investigation is to examinesimultaneous impacts of thermal stratification and shear in the atmospheric boundarylayer. For this purpose, five cases are considered – one barotropic, and four baroclinic.Based on the performed simulations, a new parametrization of the interfacial layer isproposed. The parameterization employs new interfacial scaling, which is valid at thetop of the mixed layer. In terms of new scales, dimensionless moments characterizingturbulence at the top of the shearless mixed layer are universal constants. In the shearedcase, dimensionless statistics of turbulence are shown to be functions of the interfacialRichardson number.     

三江源地区水资源的涵养和保护

分析了三江源区水资源现状,论述了建立水资源三级保护区的意义、作用和划分方案,实施林草植被的保护和恢复的水文生态效益及健全水资源补偿机制的必要性。     

Organic Petrological Studies on Immature Source Rocks

Organic petrology is a marginal science that is quite practicable. At present, it has developed into a routine research tool that is widely applied in petroleum exploration and assessment. Based on several years‘ research of the authors, this paper presents the advances in organic petrological studies on immature source rocks, including the classification and characteristics of macerals, the composition of macerals and types of organic matter, the abundance and evolution of organic matter, oil-prone macerals, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. All these results show that organic petrology is of considerable value pertaining to its application in the assessment of immature oil and gas. The immature source rocks consist of various macerals with obvious heterogeneity, contain different hydrocarbon-generating macerals with different oil thresholds and oil peaks, and show a two-staged evolutionary pattern of organic matter.     

贵州百花湖分层晚期有机质降解过程与溶解N2O循环

百花湖是一个具有季节性分层的富营养小型湖泊,在秋季湖水倒转期经常发生水质恶化事件,碳氮循环出现异常。文章研究特选择在秋初,湖泊分层开始消失时,测定了湖水中不同深度的N₂O,CH₄,CO₂,有机和无机碳同位素以及其他化学参数变化。结果发现:采样时百花湖在约6m和16m深度附近出现了两个温度不连续层(SDL和PDL),并影响到有机颗粒的沉降和分解。相对而言,有较多的有机质在这两个层内发生降解,但降解的途径有所不同,上部主要是有氧降解,下部则主要是无氧降解过程。N₂O的产生和消耗与有机质的降解过程完全对应:PDL层以上,ΔN₂O与AOU的线性关系反映了N₂O主要形成于硝化作用;PDL层以下反硝化作用导致N₂O严重不饱和;PDL内位于硝化作用和反硝化作用过渡带的N₂O峰,显然是硝化与反硝化联合作用的结果。PDL层内较大的CH₄浓度变化梯度,说明嗜甲烷细菌可能通过氧化NH+4贡献了部分N₂O。百花湖秋、冬季表层湖水N₂O都是过饱和的,都是大气N₂O的源,依据分子扩散模型计算湖泊N₂O的释放通量在12～14μmol/m·day之间,秋、冬季没有明显的差别。秋季底层湖水的反硝化作用是湖泊N₂O的汇,其消耗通量与表层的释放通量基本相当。     

柳林泉水化学特征及补给来源

简要叙述了柳林泉域岩溶地下水水文地质结构，明确了奥陶系上马家沟组为最主要的含水层，通过对柳林泉水及泉域内“奥灰”钻孔水质分析化验资料的主要水化学特征进行对比，确定了柳林泉南北两岸的补给来源不同，南岸来自东部子系统，北岸来自北部子系统。     

建立混合经济架构，奠定地勘单位长远发展基础

分析了非公有制经济对国有地勘队伍经济体制的影响，论述了适时改革地勘单位产权制度的必要性，提出了地勘单位应该建立混合经济架构的设想，为其长远发展奠定基础。