青西油田碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层地球物理预测技术的应用

白云岩成岩收缩晶间孔、洞、缝与构造网状缝相互沟通可以组成良好的油气储层，但是这种复杂裂缝—孔隙型储层分布随机性强、发育程度和差异性大，储层预测难度大。本文以中国西部酒泉盆地青西油田下白垩统下沟组湖相白云岩裂缝—孔隙型储层为例，提出地球物理综合预测碳酸盐岩裂缝的方法。本文描述了综合地球物理方法预测碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的实施和应用效果。     

Transport rate of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow

This paper examines the transport of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow and its prediction through existing sediment transport models. A flume experiment of four sand samples collected on Oahu, Hawaii, provides 29 sets of sediment transport data in the bed-form and suspended transport stages. The measured transport data are compared with direct predictions from four energy-based transport models developed for siliceous particles. Corrections for the grain-size, fall velocity, and critical velocity of calcareous sand based on recent research are applied to the models and the results are compared with the direct calculations and measured data. The comparison illustrates the important role particle shape plays in the transport of calcareous sand. All four sediment transport models give consistent predictions and good agreement with the majority of the measured data. Two of the models respond positively to the corrections in both the bed-form and suspended transport stages indicating that such an approach may provide an interim solution for the transport of calcareous sand.     

青藏高原腹地植物碳同位素组成对环境条件的响应

现代植物碳同位素组成是特定环境影响的结果,通过对植物碳同位素组成的研究可以揭示植物生长期环境信息。针对青藏高原腹地高寒草甸~高寒草原过渡区植被碳同位素组成进行研究;该区高山嵩草样δ13C值在-25.63‰~-27.95‰间,平均值-26.63‰;高寒草原区混合样δ13C值于-26.29‰~-27.73‰间,平均值-27.04‰。高山嵩草样δ13C值总体呈现由南东往北西方向正偏趋势,研究区北部高寒草原区混合植物样也呈现出由南向北富重碳同位素趋势。这些变化规律被认为是主要受降水环境影响的结果,而区域内降水条件的展布规律则是受高原夏季风运移方式的控制。对植物δ13C值与地理位置的回归分析表明,该区植被碳同位素组成与地理位置相关,高山嵩草样(r=0.44603,n=29,p<0.05)和混合样(r=0.8112,n=5,p<0.1)均表现出对区域降水环境条件的良好响应。据此,以该区植物δ13C值为背景,进行合理推算,拟定了研究区内干旱区和湿润区界限的位置。     

惠民凹陷沙三段岩性油藏勘探中地震技术的应用

针对惠民凹陷岩性油藏勘探存在的难题,开展了岩性油藏勘探技术研究。以地震、地质资料为基础,采用井震联合及小波变换技术,完善了层序地层等时格架建立方法,确定了各三角洲的时空展布规律。应用多元综合标定、地震相划分、正演模拟和测井约束反演一系列技术,实现了不同沉积类型有利砂体的描述。形成了适合惠民凹陷沙三段岩性油藏勘探的技术系列,可以指导惠民凹陷沙三段岩性油藏的勘探。     

安哥拉东北部地区Inkisi组碎屑锆石U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

Inkisi组是刚果盆地西南缘最古老的沉积地层之一,岩性主要为一套紫红色、红褐色细粒、细中粒长石砂岩、杂砂岩。通过对安哥拉东北部Inkisi组长石砂岩开展碎屑锆石测年、岩石地球化学研究,探讨其沉积时代、物质来源、沉积环境和大地构造背景,为研究刚果盆地演化提供科学依据。结果表明,碎屑锆石206Pb/238U年龄主要集中于3个年龄峰值区间2350~1900 Ma、1150~850 Ma、850~500 Ma,最年轻的锆石峰值年龄为531±9 Ma,据此,笔者等认为Inkisi组的沉积时代上限应厘定为早寒武世。Inkisi组砂岩地球化学特征显示,物源具有长英质物源近源搬运特征,沉积时期的水体为陆相开阔的淡水环境。通过碎屑锆石年龄谱特征、主微量元素物源判别及构造判别图解,本文认为,West Congo构造带为安哥拉东北部地区Inkisi组主要物源区,Lufilian构造带、Angola 地盾等是其次要物质来源,物源区构造环境主要为活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘构造环境背景。     

Deduction of the Sensible Heat Flux from SODAR Data

A new method for deduction of the sensible heat flux is validated with three sets of published SODAR （sound detection and ranging） data. Although the related expressions have previously been confirmed by the author with surface layer data, they have not yet been validated with observations from the boundary layer before this work. In the study, selected SODAR data are used to test the method for the convective boundary layer. The sensible heat flux （SHF） retrieved from SODAR data is found to decrease linearly with height in the mixed layer. The surface sensible heat fluxes derived from the deduced sensible heat flux profiles under convective conditions agree well with those measured by the eddy correlation method. The characteristics of SHF profiles deduced from SODAR data in different places reflect the background meteorology and terrain. The upper part of the SHF profile （SHFP） for a complicated terrain is found to have a different slope from the lower part. It is suggested that the former reflects the advective characteristic of turbulence in upwind topography. A similarity relationship for the estimation of SHFP in a well mixed layer with surface SHF and zero-heat-flux layer height is presented.     

城市剖面分析的方法和实证

提出了城市剖面概念。城市剖面主要反映了城市内部发展水平的差异。通过对城市剖面沿程的空间实体信息和行人社会属性信息的观测研究,可以定量分析城市内部发展过程,为研究城市演变、地域级差及空间扩展提供新方法。以大连市为例,选择长江路—黄河路为剖面线,利用主成分分析方法得到剖面各观测点的城市综合发展指数分布,并对城市发展中的景观建设和社会人文两大系统的协调度进行分析和评价。结果表明:(1)沿城市剖面线可将大连城市划分为三部分:城市发展综合指数最高的城心地区;指数较高的中间市区;指数低于平均水平的外围市区。(2)大连市景观与人文两大系统的协调度由高到低依次是城心地区、外围市区、中间市区。     

圆形断面管道非满流流速计算表达式

工程实际中,常需要计算某一充满度下管道非满流的流量及流速。目前大多数计算模型均采用水力半径作为反映过流断面形状及几何尺寸的特征参数。针对不同充满度的研究结果表明,这种类型模型的计算结果与真实的流动特性并不相符,尤其当水深接近管顶时。根据水动力学基本原理及试验研究手段,对圆形断面管道无压均匀流流量-充满度非单一性进行了探索,并提出了以流量作为形状特征参数的更为合理且简单实用的水流流速计算表达式。