聚合物改性硫化亚铁在饱和多孔介质中的迁移性能

本文采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、瓜尔胶（Guar gum）对硫化亚铁（FeS）进行了改性,以增强FeS的稳定性和迁移性。通过实验考察了3种FeS（CMC-FeS、GG-FeS、Nano-FeS）的沉降性能及其在粗、中、细砂3种介质中的迁移性能,并根据胶体过滤理论计算了3种FeS在中砂中的沉积速率及在不同介质中的最大迁移距离。结果表明：改性后FeS的稳定性较高,抗沉降性能CMC-FeS > GG-FeS >> Nano-FeS;由穿透曲线看出,3种FeS在粗、中、细砂中的穿透能力（即出流质量浓度ρ_i与注入质量浓度ρ₀的比值）均为CMC-FeS > GG-FeS > Nano-FeS。粗砂和中砂中CMC-FeS的穿透能力明显高于GG-FeS,但细砂中二者的穿透能力相近,说明瓜尔胶的剪切稀化特性更利于GG-FeS在细颗粒介质中的迁移;FeS注入质量浓度的增加会导致更多的FeS沉积到介质中,但聚合物改性可以显著降低沉积速率,沉积速率CMC-FeS < GG-FeS < Nano-FeS;改性后CMC-FeS和GG-FeS在中砂的最大迁移距离分别是Nano-FeS的6.4倍和2.6倍,增加GG-FeS注入质量浓度对其最大迁移距离影响较小。     

高寒草地春季积雪融水和雨水混合补给径流模拟

介绍SCS降雨径流方程的基本原理,基于该方程的使用范围存在一定的局限性,在原方程框架的基础上,对集水区的补给水量计算和土壤持水量估算进行修正,以适应高寒地区积雪融水和雨水混合补给以及有冻土层存在的径流模拟。利用修正的径流方程对新疆托木尔峰地区阿托依纳克草场集水区的日径流量进行模拟计算,结果通过Nash and Sutcliffe目标函数的检验,流域日径流量模拟取得较好的结果,CR=97．68％。表明利用积雪的能量平衡和修正的SCS径流方程来模拟高寒草地积雪融水和雨水混合补给径流是可以实现的。     

Natural convection of compressible and incompressible gases in undeformable porous media under cold climate conditions

A numerical model for convective heat and mass transport of compressible or incompressible gas flows with soil-water phase change is presented. In general, the gaseous phase is considered as compressible and the model accounts for adiabatic processes of compression heating and expansion cooling. The inherently compressible gaseous phase may nevertheless be considered as incompressible by adopting the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximations. The numerical method used to solve the equations that describe natural convection is based on a Galerkin finite element formulation with adaptive mesh refinement and dynamic time step control. As most existing numerical studies have focused on the behavior of incompressible fluids, model substantiation examines the influence of fluid compressibility on two-widely used benchmarks of steady-state convective heat and mass transport. The relative importance of the effect of pressure-compressibility cooling is shown to increase as the thermal gradient approaches the magnitude of the adiabatic gradient. From these results, it may be concluded that pore-air compressibility cannot be neglected in medium to large-sized enclosures at small temperature differentials. After demonstrating its ability to solve fairly complex transient problems, the model is used to further our understanding of the thermal behavior of the toe drain at the LA2-BSU dam in the province of Quebec, Canada.     

AutoCAD文件向Surfer文件转化的一种方法及应用

Surfer读取是离散点数据,而测绘部门的地形图数据是AutoCAD格式的数据,通过混合编程的方式实现AutoCAD数据向Surfer数据的互操作,增强原有AutoCAD数据的空间分析能力和可视化能力?     

基于量子遗传算法与多输出混合核相关向量机的堆石坝材料参数自适应反演研究

为进一步提高堆石坝材料参数反演模型的计算精度与适用性,建立了基于量子遗传算法（QGA）与多输出混合核相关向量机（MMRVM）的自适应反演模型。通过引入混合核函数,使所构建的MMRVM能够高精度地模拟材料参数与大坝沉降间的复杂非线性关系,从而代替耗时较长的有限元（FEM）计算。通过利用参数较固化的QGA优化确定MMRVM核参数,使反演模型具有自适应性。以实测沉降数据为依据,充分发挥QGA的全局搜索能力反演筑坝材料本构模型参数。在分析模型所需测点个数与信噪比对计算结果影响的基础上,通过公伯峡堆石坝应用实例证明：QGA-MMRVM可快速、精确地反演堆石坝筑坝材料本构模型参数,模型凭借其自适应性在实际工程中具有良好的应用前景和推广价值。     

Conservation and development 2.0: Intensifications and disjunctures in the politics of online ‘do-good’ platforms

An increasing amount of interactive ‘2.0’ crowdsourcing platforms raise awareness and funds for conservation and development projects worldwide. By enabling two-way online collaboration and communication, these ‘conservation and development 2.0’ platforms hoped to provide new impetus and popular legitimacy for conservation and development initiatives in the face of budget cuts and general criticism of the ‘formal’ aid sector after the financial crisis. This paper presents the case of the flagship ‘elephant corridor’ project on the Dutch pifworld.com platform to investigate whether and how the ‘2.0’ element has changed conservation and development in line with these expectations. The paper describes and analyses online and offline dynamics of the project and shows that while online excitement about the project remained high, the concomitant conservation and development promises and imaginations ill related to offline local realities. This rather ‘traditional’ conservation and development disjuncture, however, needs to be understood against the system peculiarities of the politics of online ‘do-good’ 2.0 platforms. The paper concludes that as these peculiarities are significantly intensifying and changing conservation and development dynamics, they do not elude familiar (1.0) disjunctures and might even obscure these further from sight.     

Towards the economic viability of local seafood programs: Key features for the financial performance of community supported fisheries

Community supported fishery (CSF) programs are emerging as appealing alternatives to large-scale industrial fisheries for some seafood consumers and commercial fishers. While CSFs provide many social, economic, and environmental benefits to their local communities, the associated financial costs can make it difficult for such programs to remain solvent. The goal of this research was to identify specific features that influence the financial performance of CSF programs. Using data collected online and from surveys of past and current North American CSFs, this research identified a combination of three key features associated with positive profit margins: engaging in social media, offering a retail option, and having a fisher as a founding member. The potential reasons behind the influence of these features on financial performance is explored, and recommendations for how they can be incorporated into CSF programs are presented. It is hoped that through integrating these features, prospective and currently operating CSFs could potentially improve their long-term financial performance, enabling them to focus on their non-financial goals and increase their overall economic viability.     

Experimental study on interaction between compressibility and permeability of a crushed sandstone–mudstone particle mixture

The present study focuses on the compressibility and permeability characteristics of a crushed sandstone–mudstone particle mixture (SMPM). Two type of laboratory tests, which are compressibility–permeability test (CPT) and compressibility test only (CTO), are performed. Based on the test data, the effects of the seepage action on the compressibility and ones of the void ratio (e) on the permeability are analyzed. The rate of consolidation of the crushed SMPM is also discussed. The values of compressibility index (C_c) obtained from the CPT are greater about 1.32–4.81% than ones obtained from the CTO, but the values of preconsolidation stress (σ_p) obtained from the CPT are smaller about 2.34–9.83% than ones obtained from the CTO. The slope of fitting line of e～logK (where K is the coefficient of permeability, and log is the logarithm to base 10), defined as the permeability index (K_c), ranges from 0.146 to 0.337 with an average of 0.226. The value of C_c/K_c, used to evaluate the rate of consolidation, ranges from 0.905 to 1.250 with an average of 1.031. The rate of consolidation of the crushed SMPM may be analyzed by Terzaghi’s theory due to the average value of C_c/K_c very close to 1.0.     

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method for elasto-plastic coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method is adopted for coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media with elasto-plastic behaviour. A novel approach for the evaluation of the coupling matrix of the porous media is adopted. Stress integration is performed using the substepping method, and the modified Newton-Raphson approach is utilised to address the nonlinearities arising from the elasto-plastic constitutive model used in the formulation. Numerical examples are studied and the results are compared with analytical solutions and those obtained from the conventional finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.     

混合像元分解法在植被覆盖区矿化蚀变信息提取中的应用——以江西大浩山金矿区为例

在植被覆盖区,由于高植被、多水系、多阴影的影响,遥感蚀变信息提取一直未能取得良好的矿化蚀变效果。江西大浩山金矿区位于九江坳陷与江南地块九岭隆起的交界部位,区内植被覆盖稠密、水系沟壑纵横,传统的干扰信息掩膜+主成分分析方法难以有效提取相关的矿化蚀变信息。采用混合像元分解技术（SMACC,端元提取技术）,通过对像元线性分解可从遥感图像中获取各个地物端元的反射亮度值及丰度信息;识别各地物端元,去除干扰端元（植被、水体等）,进而对有用地物端元进行有补偿机制的遥感影像重组;最终采用主成分分析法从重组影像中有效提取矿化蚀变信息。与传统的掩膜方法相比,在植被覆盖率较高的区域,混合像元分解法避免了传统方法在掩膜干扰信息的同时消除矿化蚀变信息的弊端,取得了良好的效果;在植被覆盖率较低的区域,混合像元分解能分离去除少量植被信息,提取更为微弱的矿化蚀变信息。