层状黏弹性介质中Rayleigh波频散曲线“交叉”现象分析

Rayleigh波勘探方法在探测近地表横波速度、动力学特征等环境与工程地球物理领域获得了广泛应用.这种方法以弹性层状介质理论为基础,然而实际介质具有黏弹性,研究面波在层状黏弹性介质中的传播特征,将为近地表面波勘探提供有益帮助.在某些弹性层状介质模型中,例如存在低速夹层和强波阻抗差异地层模型,Rayleigh波相邻两条频散曲线彼此会非常靠近,产生看似彼此"交叉"的现象,即"osculation"现象,但对于黏弹性介质中的这种现象并没有进行相关的研究.本文利用Muller法计算层状黏弹性介质Rayleigh波频散方程,基于层状介质模型中Rayleigh波频散和衰减曲线连续的性质,结合本征位移曲线特征,分析二层黏弹性介质模型中Rayleigh波频散曲线"交叉"现象以及"交叉"点附近的波动特性.结果表明:与弹性介质相比,黏弹性介质中Rayleigh波的波动特性存在明显差异,随着介质对地震波的损耗越来越强,将导致Rayleigh波频散曲线发生"交叉"现象.     

基于流固耦合两相介质动力模型的饱和土体—地下结构体系地震反应研究

基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台,应用流固耦合两相介质动力模型孔压单元模拟场地饱和土体,进行了饱和土体-地下结构地震反应的计算研究。结果表明：在地震输入的最后时刻结构的两侧底角区域应力值最大;土体的孔隙压力和竖向位移主要集中在结构下方的区域,结构两侧土体的孔压与竖向位移呈对称分布;场地土体的竖向位移随深度的增加逐渐减小;体系最大地震反应出现的时刻对应于输入地震动的最大加速度出现的时刻。表明了流固耦合两相介质动力模型孔压单元在饱和土体-地下结构体系地震反应研究中的有效性。     

三维层状孔隙介质中弹性波的一种积分表达式I：理论

孔隙介质弹性波传播理论在地球物理勘探、地震工程和岩土动力学等领域有着广泛的应用.而孔隙介质中的弹性波受孔隙度、渗透率、流体黏滞系数等参数的影响,因此研究波场的传播特征将有助于分析和提取这些信息.本文在Biot理论的基础上,针对三维层状孔隙介质模型,利用在合成理论地震图的研究中已经被证实具有稳定、高效且适用范围较广的Luco-Apsel-Chen（LAC）广义反透射方法,给出了弹性波场的一种积分形式的半解析解,可通过数值方法高效、准确地计算层状孔隙介质中的理论波场,所以该积分形式的半解析解可为三维层状孔隙介质波场传播特征的理论数值模拟研究提供一种新的途径和手段.     

Parallel numerical simulation of two-phase flow model in porous media using distributed and shared memory architectures

A two-phase (water and oil) flow model in a homogeneous porous media is studied, considering immiscible and incompressible displacement. This model is numerically solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and we compare four numerical schemes for the approximation of fluxes on the faces of the discrete volumes. We describe briefly how to obtain the mathematical and computational models applying axiomatic formulations and generic programming. Two strategies of parallelization are implemented in order to reduce the execution time. We study distributed (cluster of CPUs) and shared (Graphics Processing Units) memory architectures. A performance comparison of these two architectures is done along with an analysis of the four numerical schemes, for a water-flooding five-spot pattern model.     

VTI介质多参数联合走时层析成像方法

本文基于球谐展开群速度表达式计算走时关于各向异性参数的Fréchet核函数,利用共轭梯度法对两种参数化方法进行了VTI介质中多参数联合反演方法研究.经过理论分析和数值试验发现,与经典的Thomsen参数化方法相比,垂直慢度、水平慢度与动校正慢度的参数化方式更有利于VTI介质多参数联合走时层析反演.为了克服走时对ε参数的不敏感性,我们采用了两步法进行双参数反演,理论模型试验反演得到了与垂直速度精度相当的ε参数.可以将两步法扩展到三步法以同时反演各向异性介质中的三个参数,数值试验展示了该策略的应用潜力.     

The dynamic response of fluid-saturated porous materials with application to seismically induced soil liquefaction

The numerical simulation of liquefaction phenomena in fluid-saturated porous materials within a continuum-mechanical framework is the aim of this contribution. This is achieved by exploiting the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) together with thermodynamically consistent elasto-viscoplastic constitutive laws. Additionally, the Finite Element Method (FEM) besides monolithic time-stepping schemes is used for the numerical treatment of the arising coupled multi-field problem. Within an isothermal and geometrically linear framework, the focus is on fully saturated biphasic materials with incompressible and immiscible phases. Thus, one is concerned with the class of volumetrically coupled problems involving a potentially strong coupling of the solid and fluid momentum balance equations and the algebraic incompressibility constraint. Applying the suggested material model, two important liquefaction-related incidents in porous media dynamics, namely the flow liquefaction and the cyclic mobility, are addressed, and a seismic soil–structure interaction problem to reveal the aforementioned two behaviors in saturated soils is introduced.     

Seismic wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media using spectral element method

Spectral element method (SEM) for elastic media is well known for its great flexibility and high accuracy in solving problems with complex geometries. It is an advanced choice for wave simulations. Due to anelasticity of earth media, SEM for elastic media is no longer appropriate. On fundamental of the second-order elastic SEM, this work takes the viscoelastic wave equations and the vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media into consideration, and establishes the second-order SEM for wave modeling in viscoelastic VTI media. The second-order perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media is also introduced. The problem of handling the overlapped absorbed corners is solved. A comparison with the analytical solution in a two-dimensional viscoelastic homogeneous medium shows that the method is accurate in the wave-field modeling. Furtherly, numerical validation also presents its great flexibility in solving wave propagation problems in complex heterogeneous media. This second-order SEM with perfectly matched layer for viscoelastic VTI media can be easily applied in wave modeling in a limited region.     

Seismic wave scattering inversion for fluid factor of heterogeneous media

Elastic wave inverse scattering theory plays an important role in parameters estimation of heterogeneous media. Combining inverse scattering theory, perturbation theory and stationary phase approximation, we derive the P-wave seismic scattering coefficient equation in terms of fluid factor, shear modulus and density of background homogeneous media and perturbation media. With this equation as forward solver, a pre-stack seismic Bayesian inversion method is proposed to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media. In this method, Cauchy distribution is utilized to the ratios of fluid factors, shear moduli and densities of perturbation media and background homogeneous media, respectively. Gaussian distribution is utilized to the likelihood function. The introduction of constraints from initial smooth models enhances the stability of the estimation of model parameters. Model test and real data example demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate the fluid factor of heterogeneous media from pre-stack seismic data directly and reasonably.     

Intercomparison of the South Asian High in NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 Reanalyses and in Station Observations

The South Asian Highs (SAHs) at 100 hPa over China in the three reanalysis datasets NCEP1, NCEP2, and ERA-40 are evaluated by using station observation data. The results demonstrate a substantial discrepancy even between the reanalyses. First, the data of the three reanalyses generally underestimate the intensity of the SAH in the China domain. Second, there are interdecadal changes in the SAH, with highs in the 1960s and 1980s and lows in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s. This interdecadal variation of the SAH can be well depicted with NCEP1 data, but the high in the 1980s is missed by ERA-40. The NCEP2 corresponds well with NCEP 1 and captures the decreasing trend after 1979. Furthermore, the NCEP1 reanalysis overestimates the interdecadal changes of SAH, while ERA-40 underestimates the interdecadal changes. This work suggests that much caution should be exerted when the reanalysis datasets are adopted to study the interdecadal variability of SAH.     

聚合物改性硫化亚铁在饱和多孔介质中的迁移性能

本文采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、瓜尔胶（Guar gum）对硫化亚铁（FeS）进行了改性,以增强FeS的稳定性和迁移性。通过实验考察了3种FeS（CMC-FeS、GG-FeS、Nano-FeS）的沉降性能及其在粗、中、细砂3种介质中的迁移性能,并根据胶体过滤理论计算了3种FeS在中砂中的沉积速率及在不同介质中的最大迁移距离。结果表明：改性后FeS的稳定性较高,抗沉降性能CMC-FeS > GG-FeS >> Nano-FeS;由穿透曲线看出,3种FeS在粗、中、细砂中的穿透能力（即出流质量浓度ρ_i与注入质量浓度ρ₀的比值）均为CMC-FeS > GG-FeS > Nano-FeS。粗砂和中砂中CMC-FeS的穿透能力明显高于GG-FeS,但细砂中二者的穿透能力相近,说明瓜尔胶的剪切稀化特性更利于GG-FeS在细颗粒介质中的迁移;FeS注入质量浓度的增加会导致更多的FeS沉积到介质中,但聚合物改性可以显著降低沉积速率,沉积速率CMC-FeS < GG-FeS < Nano-FeS;改性后CMC-FeS和GG-FeS在中砂的最大迁移距离分别是Nano-FeS的6.4倍和2.6倍,增加GG-FeS注入质量浓度对其最大迁移距离影响较小。