利用微脉冲激光雷达探测大气混合层高度和气溶胶垂直结构的初步研究

采用2008年5月14日—12月28日安徽寿县地区(116°46’55.02″E,32°33’30.18″N)MPL(micro pulse lidar,微脉冲激光雷达)资料,分析了当地混合层高度(mixed layer height,MLH)的日变化特征。利用梯度法、拐点法及归一化梯度法反演了当地混合层高度,并将3种方法的反演结果与SONDE探空确定的MLH做相关性分析,结果表明:由梯度法反演得到的MLH与探空资料确定的MLH高度相关(相关系数为0.976),是3种方法中最适合确定寿县地区MLH的反演算法。利用梯度法反演了晴天无云天气条件下MLH的日变化,研究了当地气象条件对MLH的影响,结果发现:MLH增长率与前1 h地表温度增长率有很好的相关性;地表风速的变化也会导致MLH的急剧变化;MLH的发展滞后于气溶胶光学厚度0.5~3 h。     

复杂网络的固定时间混合外部同步

本文研究了两个复杂动态网络间的固定时间混合外部同步问题.基于固定时间稳定性理论,采用合适的控制器,实现了两个复杂网络之间的固定时间混合外部同步.最后,通过数值模拟验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性.     

西太平洋暖池热盐结构的季节变化

Using the 28°C isotherm to define the Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP), this study analyzes the seasonal variability of the WPWP thermohaline structure on the basis of the monthly-averaged sea temperature and salinity data from 1950 to 2011, and the dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms based on the monthly-averaged wind,precipitation, net heat fluxes and current velocity data. A DT=–0.4°C is more suitable than other temperature criterion for determining the mixed layer(ML) and barrier layer(BL) over the WPWP using monthly-averaged temperature and salinity data. The WPWP has a particular thermohaline structure and can be vertically divided into three layers, i.e., the ML, BL, and deep layer(DL). The BL thickness(BLT) is the thickest, while the ML thickness(MLT) is the thinnest. The MLT has a similar seasonal variation to the DL thickness(DLT) and BLT.They are all thicker in spring and fall but thinner in summer. The temperatures of the ML and BL are both higher in spring and autumn but lower in winter and summer with an annual amplitude of 0.15°C, while the temperature of the DL is higher in May and lower in August. The averaged salinities at these three layers are all higher in March but lower in September, with annual ranges of 0.41–0.45. Zonal currents, i.e., the South Equatorial Current(SEC)and North Equatorial Counter Current(NECC), and winds may be the main dynamic factors driving the seasonal variability in the WPWP thermohaline structure, while precipitation and net heat fluxes are both important thermodynamic factors. Higher(lower) winds cause both the MLT and BLT to thicken(thin), a stronger(weaker)NECC induces MLT, BLT, and DLT to thin(thicken), and a stronger(weaker) SEC causes both the MLT and BLT to thicken(thin) and the DLT to thin(thicken). An increase(decrease) in the net heat fluxes causes the MLT and BLT to thicken(thin) but the DLT to thin(thicken), while a stronger(weaker) precipitation favors thinner(thicker)MLT but thicker(thinner) BLT and DLT. In addition, a stronger(weaker) NECC and SEC cause the temperature of the three layers to decrease(increase), while the seasonal variability in salinity at the ML, BL, and DL might be controlled by the subtropical cell(STC).     

夏季长江河口层化与湍流混合特征分析

利用2016年夏季长江河口现场水文特性与湍流微结构观测资料, 分析了长江河口水体温盐结构、层化发育、湍流与混合特征。结果表明: 1)夏季长江河口水体密度层化结构明显, 根据各层水体密度梯度差异, 可将水体分为底部混合层和上层密度跃层, 两部分的密度层化界限与浮力频率等值线lg N ² = - 4.0接近。2)底部混合层湍动能耗散率大, 层化结构弱, 水体分层稳定性弱; 上层密度跃层湍动能耗散小, 层化结构强, 水体分层稳定性强, 这有利于河口内波的发育与传播。3)在密度层化的作用下, 水体的湍动能耗散率、湍动能剪切生成及浮力通量的能量关系在一定范围内符合湍动能局部能量平衡方程。不同层之间的湍流弗劳德数Fr_t和湍流雷诺数Re_t在Fr_t-Re_t平面上呈现明显的分区, 与经典的分层剪切流理论基本吻合。     

Effect of River Discharge on Bay of Bengal Circulation

The seasonal circulation and mixed layer depths in Bay of Bengal is modeled using the three-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model (POM). Along the coastal boundaries a higher resolution is accomplished using the curvilinear orthogonal grid. Model uses a free-surface and terrain following sigma coordinates. The initial climatological salinity and temperature fields for the model are derived from the World Ocean Atlas-2001(WOA01). The Model is forced with wind stress derived from COADS wind climatology. Bilinear interpolation is used to obtain the initial fields and wind stress to the required model specification. Using the seasonal fields and wind stress the model is integrated for simulating Bay of Bengal circulation. The numerical simulations on climatological scale for monsoon months were conducted to study the evolution of dynamics. The simulations bring out not only the typical characteristic features of fresh water plume along the coast but also intensification of the flow over the monsoon period. The increase in the fresh water flow found to affect only the western parts of the BoB. The opposing currents due to monsoon winds and southward flowing fresh water discharge (FWD) were also delineated. The model results show that the wind stress induced turbulence process is subdued in the presence of strong vertical salinity stratification due to the influence of FWD. The simulated mixed layer depths are in agreement with the reported analytical energy required for mixing values.     

Mixed Layer Depth and its Variability in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean as Revealed by Observations and Model Simulations

Mixed layer depth (MLD) variability in the Eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) from a hindcast run of an Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) forced by daily winds and radiative fluxes from NCEP-NCAR reanalysis from 2004 to 2006 is investigated. Model MLD compares well with the ～20,000 observations from Argo floats and a TRITON buoy (1.5°S and 90°E) in the Indian Ocean. Tests with a one-dimensional upper ocean model were conducted to assess the impact on the MLD simulations that would result from the lack of the diurnal cycle in the forcing applied to the OGCM. The error was of the order of ～12 m. MLD at the TRITON buoy location shows a bimodal pattern with deep MLD during May–June and December–January. MLD pattern during fall 2006 was significantly different from the climatology and was rather shallow during December–January both in the model and observation. An examination of mixed layer heat and salt budget suggested salinity freshening caused by the advective and vertical diffusive mixing to be the cause of shallow MLD.     

澳大利亚波拿巴盆地北部中新统硅质碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积特征及控制因素

波拿巴盆地油气资源十分丰富。新生界千余米的浅海碳酸盐岩背景下,中新统底部发育一套12~52 m硅质碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积,其中硅质碎屑作为潜在的良好储集体,尚未引起足够重视。综合运用录井、测井及三维地震等资料,认为盆地北部研究区内该套混合沉积是由陆棚浅海台地生物滩、坝碳酸盐和三角洲平原和前缘硅质碎屑混合而成,以相在空间上的交叉占优势。该套混合沉积主要受到构造运动和相对海平面变化控制。在渐新世末期,盆地发生区域构造抬升,古隆起接受剥蚀,陆源碎屑进入台地,是形成这套混合沉积的先决条件,之后中新世初期构造相对稳定,相对海平面在短时间内的周期性变化控制陆源碎屑沉积范围和碳酸盐生产建造,进而控制混和沉积作用的类型。     

气侯平均风场作用下热带太平洋主流系和赤道行星波研究

将两层约化重力原始流体动力方程耦合气候月平均风场,数值计算流场基本能够正确反映热带太平洋上层主流系和温跃层的空间分布和季节变化．在气候平均条件下,东太平洋125°W附近经向风应力可激发出高阶混合Rossby重力波．海洋高阶赤道Kelvin波流速模态可从西太平洋边界传播到东太平洋边界,而高阶赤道Kelvin波温跃层模态从西太平洋边界东传后,在中太平洋受到高阶混合Rossby重力波诱发的西传温跃层扰动的阻挡．     

南海东北部甲烷成因碳酸盐岩的矿物学及同位素组成(英文)

取自南海北部的3块自生碳酸盐岩主要为圆环状、结核状和结壳状。X射线衍射分析显示,这3件碳酸盐岩主要由黏土矿物、陆源碎屑(石英、长石)和碳酸盐矿物(高镁方解石和铁白云石)组成;碳氧同位素分析表明,结核状和结壳状碳酸盐岩具有极负的δ13C(分别为-32.83‰和-38.01‰PDB)和正的δ18O(分别为+2.19‰和+2.96‰PDB),不同于正常沉积的海相碳酸盐岩,甲烷厌氧氧化过程控制了这些碳酸盐岩的形成。碳酸盐岩为甲烷成因,记录了南海东北部海底富含甲烷的冷泉活动历史。     

海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍能量收支的影响

海浪破碎产生一向下输入的湍动能通量,在近海表处形成一湍流生成明显增加的次层,加强了海洋上混合层中的湍流垂向混合。为了研究海浪破碎对混合层中湍能量收支的影响,文中分析了海浪破碎对海洋上混合层中湍流生成的影响机制,采用垂向一维湍封闭混合模式,通过改变湍动能方程的上边界条件,引入了海浪破碎产生的湍动能通量,并分别对不同风速下海浪破碎的影响进行了数值研究,分析了混合层中湍能量收支的变化。当考虑海浪破碎影响时,近海表次层中的垂直扩散项和耗散项都有显著的增加,该次层中被耗散的湍动能占整个混合层中耗散的总的湍能量的92.0%,比无海浪破碎影响的结果增加了近1倍;由于平均流场切变减小,混合层中的湍流剪切生成减小了3.5%,形成一种存在于湍动能的耗散和垂直扩散之间的局部平衡关系。在该次层以下,局部平衡关系与壁层定律的结论一致,即湍动能的剪切生成与耗散相平衡。研究结果表明,海浪破碎在海表产生的湍动能通量影响了海洋上混合层中的各项湍能量收支间的局部平衡关系。