数据银行技术在物探数据管理中的应用现状

随着石油勘探开发的发展,要求人们从大量的新、旧资料中快速获取有用的信息.数据银行技术给用户提供了一个高性能的存贮管理系统,提供更安全的快速联机访问,可以大幅度降低存贮、维护资料成本,节省寻找资料时间,帮助地学家更好地作出决策.它提供了一个经济而有竞争力的服务.本文对数据银行技术的有关方面进行了简要的综述.     

高精度重磁勘探在推覆体下找煤中的应用

应用高精度重磁勘探方法解决在推覆体下找煤问题.利用磁异常研究辉绿岩体的赋存状态,肯定了推覆体的存在;根据重力异常及数据处理结果研究推覆体下煤系地层的分布,指出太山-许台重力低带是测区内找煤最为有利的靶区.高精度重磁勘探是推覆体下寻找煤系地层前期勘探的有效手段之一.     

易崩落危岩的调查与防治

危岩崩落是山区常见的一种不良物理地质现象。本文从详实的现场调查资料着手,对危岩体的危害性进行了详细的分析、计算论证,并提出了具体的拦截、支挡和镶补沟缝等切实可行的防治措施。      

综放工作面地质工作探讨

根据鲍店煤矿7年来综采放顶煤开采的实践,简要介绍了厚及特厚煤层综采放顶煤生产的地质工作方法。      

浅谈对“混合土”的认识及其地基处理

“混合土”是一种特殊性土,成分复杂,粒径悬殊,力学性质变化较大。本文以株洲市南华花园地区“混合土”为例,剖析了勘察中应注意的事项,阐述了动力触探是对“混合土”勘察的有效手段,并结合工程实际情况,提出了相应的地基处理措施。     

Distribution and environmental impact of coal-mining wastes in Upper Silesia, Poland

 About 50 million tonnes/year of waste rock from coal-mining is generated in the limited area of the thickly populated Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland. There are 380 coal-mining waste dumps, including 76 active dump sites covering over 2,000 ha. About 15-16 million tonnes/year of waste rock is being reused for civil engineering purposes in the same area. This brings about a problem of ground water deterioration by constituents leached from waste rock exposed to atmospheric conditions. The major factors determining the ground water contamination potential from waste rock are chloride salinity, sulfur content and acid generation potential. The concept behind the presented studies was to provide data for correct evaluation and prediction of contaminant release from the waste rock, based on the characterization of coal-mining waste properties, as well as on long-term laboratory, lysimetric and field studies. The results show that coal-mining waste dumps can be a long-term source of ground water contamination, lasting for decades and increasing with time. Ground water down-gradient from the disused 15–30-years-old part of the studied dump displays high and increasing acidification, high TDS, SO₄, and the highest, still increasing concentrations of Mn, Fe and Zn. Cost-effective and efficient pollution control measures, similar to the presented design and construction elements of the dump site, can mitigate the negative environmental impacts. Received: 3 July 1997 · Accepted: 9 September 1998     

山西五台山地区照山一带基岩地球化学异常特征研究

本文通过五台山地区典型地段—照山一带基岩地球化学测量及异常特征的研究 ,并结合区域地质、构造等特征的综合分析 ,提出Au、Ag、Cu、Bi、As为区域金 (铜 )矿地球化学勘查的最佳指示元素组合 ;确定出三个较为重要的矿化带 (区 ) :一个是下龙宿沟—上龙宿沟铜—金矿化带 ,另一个是土岭铁建造金矿化带 ,第三个是台峪口金异常区 ;金矿化的形成受条带状铁建造的发育程度以及区域变质变形作用过程中热流体活动的叠加改造等共同制约。     

地球空间信息技术在新一轮国土资源大调查中的应用探讨

从分析全球变化和社会可持续发展研究的要求出发,提出地球空间信息技术的形成背景和应用基础。针对新一轮国土资源大调查的性质和任务,探讨了地球空间信息技术在新一轮国土资源大调查中的应用。     

The Photogrammetric Survey of a Prehistoric Site Undergoing Removal

For the construction of the new Athens International Airport, it was imperative that a hill, obstructing air traffic, be lowered by approximately 40 m. Unfortunately, a fortified prehistoric settlement was situated on top of that hill. In order to carry out this task, it was required: (a) to produce a model of the site at a scale of 1;50; and (b) to monitor and document every single stone during the dismantling of the most important parts of the site, so that its rebuilding elsewhere and at a later time would be possible.
The Laboratory of Photogrammetry, National Technical University of Athens, undertook to provide the necessary metric data. By using low altitude aerial photographs from a helicopter, a specialized tripod and terrestrial photogrammetric techniques, the following products were created, all at a scale of 1;50: contour lines and DTM of the site; digital orthophotograph of the site; graphic drawing of the development of the exterior of the surrounding wall; and graphic drawings of the upper (initial) and the lower (last) levels of the parts to be removed. In this paper, both the fieldwork and the final products are presented and evaluated.     

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区植物化探找矿方法的新思路

大兴安岭北部森林覆盖区内白桦、落叶松分布广泛。以白桦、落叶松作为植物化探的主要研究对象具有可操作性和可推广性.植物的外皮、落叶是植物化探研究的首选.落叶松、白桦树叶的采集时间应在9月份叶落后不久,采样间距可在100~600m之间.松树、白桦树皮的采样时间集中在6月和9月两个阶段,采样间距在10~200m之间,采集的树皮距地约0.2m.建议采用干灰化法,最佳的灰化温度在450℃左右