高温高压条件下铁岭灰岩晶包有机质的饱和烃演化特征

对铁岭灰岩抽提除去沥青“Ａ”后的残渣进行高温高压模拟实验,模拟实验研究表明,晶包有机质的释放与温度与温度和压力有关,高压有利于晶包有机质释放。晶包有机质和干酪根主要释放出低碳数烷烃,Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７、Ｐｈ－ｎＣ１８在热演化过程中变化不大,Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ则波动较大。     

华北地台太行-五台和阴山地块地壳物质组成——岩石地震波速实验证据

在模拟地壳的温度和压力条件下,测定了华北地台太行－五台和阴山地块的主要变质岩群和侵入岩共５４个岩石样品的纵波速度（ｖｐ）．各类岩石的ｖｐ在约４～１０ｋｍ深度内上升很快,在１０～２５ｋｍ内继续增大,但是幅度变小,在该深度范围内达到了ｖｐ最大值;在３０～３５ｋｍ之后到５０ｋｍ深度内的ｖｐ都趋于恒定．综合对比地壳的波速结构和岩石的波速特征表明,在太行－五台地块,五台群、滹沱群和古老花岗岩岩类构成上地壳,阜平群和恒山群构成中地壳,集宁群代表了下地壳的岩石组成;在阴山地块,马家店群、二道凹群、色尔腾山群和古老侵入岩类是中地壳和上地壳的组成部分,乌拉山群岩石则是下地壳的代表     

2.0GPa-室温至1160℃条件下安山岩纵波速度与相变

利用ＹＪ－３０００ｔ压力机的弹性波速度测量装置在２．０ＧＰａ室温到１１６０℃条件下就位测量了湖北大冶陈贵安山岩纵波速度,并在相应条件下获取了实验产物,对其观察表明,对应着岩石弹性波速度的变化。实验样品已经发生了相变。     

片、粉状触媒合成腔体内压力、温度的变化分析

对比分析了片状触媒合成体系和粉状触媒合成体系,在金刚石合成过程中,合成腔体内压力、温度的变化情况,并结合金刚石合成特征区分布图,分析辽些压力、温度变化对合成金刚石品质的影响,由此,指出粉状触媒是合成金刚石用触媒材料的较佳形态。     

Long-term changes of the upper stratosphere as seen by Japanese rocketsondes at Ryori (39°N, 141°E)

Wind and temperature profiles measured routinely by rockets at Ryori (Japan) since 1970 are analysed to quantify interannual changes that occur in the upper stratosphere. The analysis involved using a least square fitting of the data with a multiparametric adaptative model composed of a linear combination of some functions that represent the main expected climate forcing responses of the stratosphere. These functions are seasonal cycles, solar activity changes, stratospheric optical depth induced by volcanic aerosols, equatorial wind oscillations and a possible linear trend. Step functions are also included in the analyses to take into account instrumental changes. Results reveal a small change for wind data series above 45 km when new corrections were introduced to take into account instrumental changes. However, no significant change of the mean is noted for temperature even after sondes were improved. While wind series reveal no significant trends, a significant cooling of 2.0 to 2.5 K/decade is observed in the mid upper stratosphere using this analysis method. This cooling is more than double the cooling predicted by models by a factor of more than two. In winter, it may be noted that the amplitude of the atmospheric response is enhanced. This is probably caused by the larger ozone depletion and/or by some dynamical feedback effects. In winter, cooling tends to be smaller around 40–45 km (in fact a warming trend is observed in December) as already observed in other data sets and simulated by models. Although the winter response to volcanic aerosols is in good agreement with numerical simulations, the solar signature is of the opposite sign to that expected. This is not understood, but it has already been observed with other data sets.     

静水压力作用下圆拱正对称失稳临界力的求解

按Ｒｉｔｚ法求得铰支和固支圆拱受静水压力作用时,具有高精度的正对称失稳临界力的第３次近似值。在圆拱临界力的求解中,还可同时导得圆环以不同波数失稳的临界力的精确值。     

锚拉杆张拉力和摩阻力的现场实验研究与分析

对锚拉桥台锚拉杆进行了２０小时的现场试验,获得了大量实验数据,对张拉后锚拉杆的张拉力与长度、时间、温度和焊接接头的关系以及土对锚拉杆的摩阻力变化及分布规律作了分析与研究。研究结果对指导该类构筑物的设计与施工有着重要的理论与工程实用价值。     

固结不排水剪总应力强度指标的几点讨论

建立了偏离室内常规三轴压缩试验应力条件下的总应力强度指标和有效固结压力强度指标的理论公式;讨论了这两种强度指标的变化规律及其与室内常规CU试验指标的差异;简要地分析了直接将室内常规CU试验指标用于压缩与伸长土单元的强度计算、用于有效固结压力法确定抗剪强度和用于土压力与地基极限承载力计算时的偏差情况。     

桩底后压浆技术研究

介绍了桩底后压浆技术,通过向桩底进行注浆可消除孔底沉渣的不利影响,并提高单桩承载力;通过工程实例分析表明,在卵石层中其灌浆机理主要表现为渗透灌浆,其承载力由３部分组成,即桩身部分的摩擦力、固结体部分的摩擦力和固结体的底部阻力。     

台风风暴潮气压项作用探讨

在台风风暴增水过程中,风应力占主要作用,气压项的作用要上对较小,许多风暴潮预报模式中气压项被忽略。本文在建立台湾海峡风暴潮预报模型的基础上峄台风气压项作用进行了模拟,结果发现在台湾海峡狭长的海域内,台风气压项的作用表现得较为特殊,在台风风暴潮模拟过程中,应考虑其贡献及大小。