台湾海峡冬季海面风场数值预报的验证与分析

通过布放在台湾海峡5个浮标冬季(2010年12月至2011年2月)的实测数据对MM5风场的预报结果进行了检验.从空间上看,平潭以北预测风速比实测风速偏高,南部则偏低;随着计算时长的增加,MM5模式预报的平均风速有增加的趋势.通过综合评价检验方法,该模式的短期预报较长期预报效果好.将MM5模式的结果用于台湾海峡冬季平均风场的研究,预测风场和实测风场基本吻合,但台湾海峡靠近台湾一侧模式的平均风速比之前的研究偏小.整体上看MM5较好的体现了台湾海峡冬季风场特点,可以为该区的业务化预报提供参考.     

Distribution of Delphinidae (Cetacea) in relation to sea surface temperatures off Eastern and Southern New Zealand

Records of four species of Delphinidae, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis peroni, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, and Lagenorhynchus cruciger in waters to the east and south‐east of New Zealand are discussed in relation to surface temperatures.

In this region D. delphis appears to be largely confined north of the Subtropical Convergence and a minimum surface temperature of about 14°c, and near New Zealand from Hawke Bay southward in the warm water of the East Cape Current; L. peroni to the Subtropical Convergence and the subantarctic water to the south of it, between surface temperatures of 9°c and 16°c; L. obscurus to the immediate vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence and surface temperatures in summer of about 14° to 15°c, and L. cruciger across the Antarctic Convergence region, in a surface temperature range of 2° to 9°c.     

Mean sea level and the marine geoid—an analysis of concepts

The current ambition to achieve a 10‐cm marine geoid focuses attention on the interdisciplinary problem of relating oceanographic to geodetic measurements, and on the apparent conflict between them along the United States’ coasts. The concepts underlying the comparisons in this conflict are analyzed, and shown to leave a possibility of diffusing the deadlock by more precise reformulations. Concepts which have been equated in practical applications under less stringent accuracy requirements need to be refined and related more precisely through interdisciplinary efforts. An example is given of a geodetic utilization of density differences in the ocean, akin to but not the same as the idea of steric leveling, in order to highlight the similarity and dissimilarity between some geodetic and oceanographic ideas.     

SLRS‐5 Elemental Concentrations of Thirty‐Three Uncertified Elements Deduced from SLRS‐5/SLRS‐4 Ratios

The fifth version of natural river water certified reference material, SLRS‐5 (National Research Council – Conseil National de Recherches Canada), is commonly used to control the quality of major and trace element measurements. Concentrations of silicon and thirty‐one uncertified trace elements have been reported for the certified reference material SLRS‐4, but they are not yet available for SLRS‐5. Here, SLRS‐5/SLRS‐4 ratios were deduced from SLRS‐5 and SLRS‐4 measurements by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry and high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry for certified elements and thirty‐five uncertified elements (rare earth elements, B, Bi, Br, Cs, Ga, Ge, Hf, Li, Nb, P, Pd, Rb, Rh, S, Sc, Si, Sn, Th, Ti, Tl, Y). Both reference materials were measured directly one after the other, so that calculated elemental ratios would not be notably influenced either by calibration uncertainties or by eventual long‐term instrumental drift. The computed ratios are in good agreement with those deduced from the certified values. We also report concentrations for thirty‐three uncertified elements in SLRS‐5 by combining the measured SLRS‐5/SLRS‐4 ratios and the published SLRS‐4 values. The resulting new data set provides target SLRS‐5 values, which will be useful in quality control procedures.     

L5载波相位观测值的模拟分析

GPS现代化计划目前只在几颗卫星上加入了L5信号,第三频率观测数据尚不能进行组网数据处理.如何验证现有多频理论的有效性,以及进行更深入、更广泛的多频数据处理理论应用研究,L5数据的获取成为一个重要问题.文中结合载波相位观测值之间的物理相关性,模拟L5载波相位观测值,对L5载波相位观测值的精度进行了分析,取得了一些有益的结论.     

简化5级-CKF在SINS大失准角初始对准中的应用

针对大失准角情况下,利用3级-CKF进行SINS初始对准性能不高的问题,提出5级-CKF算法。在系统模型噪声和量测噪声均为加性噪声且量测方程为线性方程时,推导了简化5级-CKF算法,步骤需要在Kalman滤波的基础上利用5级容积采样点对非线性状态方程的状态及其方差进行预测。采用SINS静基座初始对准仿真实验验证算法的有效性,结果表明:简化5级-CKF对任意失准角都是有效的,失准角较小时,3级-CKF和简化5级-CKF的对准精度和收敛速度性能相近,但简化5级-CKF的数值稳定性更高;失准角较大时,简化5级-CKF较3级-CKF具有更高的收敛速度和对准精度。     

SWDC-5倾斜摄影技术及其在国内的应用分析

文章简要介绍了SWDC-5数字航空倾斜摄影仪,重点分析了SWDC-5倾斜相机的各项关键技术,阐述了SWDC-5在国内的应用情况。以两个真实的工程项目为例,分析了该相机一贯的高精度优势,最后分析指出SWDC-5在国内倾斜摄影领域的引领作用以及倾斜摄影在国内必将取得快速发展的愿景。     

白令海Navarinsky海底峡谷地震剖面解译

第五次北极科学考察在北极区的白令海首次进行了高分辨率单道地震作业。Navarinsky峡谷头部测线BL11-12剖面中部识别出不对称沙波,陡的一面朝向陆架,波高约为9m、波长约为882m。结合站位U1345的沉积速率及站位U1344表层纵波速率推测沙波沉积可以追溯到中更新世(距今约0.258Ma),同时近陆架的洼地逐渐填平。将地层分为3个沉积层,分析沉积物变化情况,结合0.25Ma以来白令海海平面变化历史,推测最大海退事件对应的界面。结合沙波的地理位置及海平面变化情况,认为内波对沙波的形成起主要作用。     

海洋富油微拟球藻Nannochloropsis gaditana CCAP849/5的转化及外源基因整合方式

微拟球藻Nannochloropsis被认为是具有作为生物柴油原料开发潜力的微藻。为了能够实现工业化生产,有效地利用基因工程或遗传操作手段改造微藻,提高产量,建立稳定有效的遗传转移方法十分必要。本研究以微拟球藻本源β-tublin基因启动子和三角褐指藻Phaeodactylum tricornutm fcpA终止子驱动和终止来源于细菌的sh ble抗性选择基因,构建了一个转化载体pHB4857。将pHB4857以电转移的方法转化海洋富油微拟球藻Nannochloropsis gaditana CCAP849/5。结果显示,转化子可以在3μg·mL-1 zeocin的抗性培养基中生长,PCR检测sh ble基因为100%插入率,转化效率为1.25×10-6。DNA印迹杂交结果表明,外源基因是以随机整合的方式一个或多个拷贝插入到宿主核基因组中的,大多数转化子中的外源基因的整合是完整的。转化子在抗性培养基中每10天传一代,连续传代7个月以上,未检测到抗性基因丢失现象,外源抗性基因可以在宿主细胞中稳定存在。