云南"十五"区域地质调查取得丰硕成果

“十五”期间承担区域地质调查项目七项18个图幅。地层古生物、区域岩石及地质构造、地质灾害、矿产资源及旅游地学等方面取得较多的新成果和新认识。提交地质图及地质报告外,还提交专题研究成果7份,以测区所收集的地质资料为基础编写硕士论文7篇,公开发表文章7篇,从而极大地提高了云南及西藏基础地质的研究程度和水平。     

夏季不同源地水汽对我国西北区降水影响的数值模拟(Ⅰ): 模拟试验方案及对照试验结果

为客观地检验夏季不同源区水汽对我国西北区降水影响的相对重要性, 在本文中我们划分了东南沿海、 孟加拉湾、 青藏高原及西风带等水汽源区, 选择了西北区全区性湿月1979年7月, 利用NCAR MM5中尺度模式和NCEP再分析值资料作初、 侧边界条件, 对该月分别执行了检验模式性能的对照试验及检验减、 增各源区水汽影响的敏感性试验等共13个试验。文章上篇的主要结果如下： （1）两对照试验为传统的仅月初给定初始场, 连续积分全月的连续积分试验（CONA）及每5天更新初始场, 分6段接力式完成全月积分的分段积分试验（CONB）。（2）两对照试验虽都较好地再现了该月亚洲中、 高纬度较平直的月平均西风环流, 但CONB试验更好地再现了该月淮河－川西半环状多雨带及江南、 华南、 以及西北区少雨的降水分布格局, 还令人鼓舞地捕捉了该月西北区东南部的各次降水过程, 即MM5模式对该月形势和降水的模拟性能较好, 因而其下篇分别减、增不同源区水汽影响的敏感性试验结果也是可信的.（3）对某天气气候事件的事后较长时间的模拟, 采用分段积分模拟方案, 可部分提高模式的模拟效果。     

Diagnosis of a Severe Rainstorm Event Induced by Eastly Wave and Vortex in Off Southeast Coast of China

Using the NCEP reanalysis at 1° ×1° resolution in conjunction with satellite imagery, a study is undertaken of easterly wave related rainstorm events on August 3～4, 2001 in seaboards between northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang, expounding the scheme for computing helicity, and exploring the rainstorm evolution and the genesis of the Yandang mountains-triggered a meso-vortex (Duan and Chen, 2005) by means of helicity and Q vector divergence. Besides, MM5V2 is employed to simulate the easterly wave caused meso-vortex. Results show that the development of the central intensity and location of the high-valued helicity is well indicative of the fallout area and the genesis of the meso-vortex, discovering that the space/time evolutions of helicity serve as indicators of some utility for the rainfall occurrence; it is revealed that the calculated helicity is of higher precision than MM5V2 simulations in predicting the initial position and the track of the meso-vortex, with their combination contributing to the improvement of predicting the meso-vortex, also, the space/time evolutions in the superimposition of the zone of large-value helicity gradients upon that of high-value Q vector divergence gradients can be used to accurately forecast the rainstorm happening and initial position of the meso-vortex, thereby illustrating the higher ability of diagnosing the precipitation and its system in the superimposed region.     

祁连山冬季降雪个例模拟分析(Ⅱ):人工催化试验

利用部分改进了的中尺度模式MM5V3对2006年2月7～8日甘肃北部地区一次冷云降雪过程进行了人工催化的数值试验,研究加入人工冰晶对祁连山北坡地区冷性层云降雪的影响.进行了不同剂量和不同高度的催化试验,详细分析了催化后的微物理过程和动力热力过程的变化.结果表明:累积降雪中心的上风方含有过冷云水的区域为催化潜力区.催化后累积降雪中心雪量增加,增雪区周围出现分散的减雪区.过冷云水最多并且最缺乏冰晶粒子的层次具有很好的催化条件.加人人工冰晶后消耗了水汽和过冷云水,冰晶和雪的量值均有所增加,雪碰并冰晶过程、冰品转化过程、凝华过程是雪增长的主要过程,相态变化引起的潜热增加导致升温和上升运动加强.这种变化同时使周围的垂直运动和水成物含量发生改变,周围的上升运动减弱,雪的含量减少,产生了减雪区.     

Anthropogenic Direct Radiative Forcing of Tropospheric Ozone and Aerosols from 1850 to 2000 Estimated with IPCC AR5 Emissions Inventories

This study estimates direct radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all aerosols between the years 1850 and 2000, using the new IPCC AR5 （the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report） emissions inventories and a fully coupled chemistry-aerosol general circulation model. As compared to the previous Global Emissions Inventory Activity （GEIA） data, that have been commonly used for forcing estimates since 1990, the IPCC AR5 emissions inventories report lower anthropogenic emissions of organic carbon and black carbon aerosols and higher sulfur and NOx emissions. The simulated global and annual mean burdens of sulfate, nitrate, black carbon （BC）, primary organic aerosol （POA）, secondary organic aerosol （SOA）, and ozone were 0.79, 0.35, 0.05, 0.49, 0.34, and 269 Tg, respectively, in the year 1850, and 1.90, 0.90, 0.11, 0.71, 0.32, and 377 Tg, respectively, in the year 2000. The estimated annual mean top of the atmosphere （TOA） direct radiative forcing of all anthropogenic aerosols based on the AR5 emissions inventories is -0.60 W m^-2 on a global mean basis from 1850 to 2000. However, this is -2.40 W m-2 when forcing values are averaged over eastern China （18-45°N and 95-125°E）. The value for tropospheric ozone is 0.17 W m^-1 on a global mean basis and 0.24 W m^-2 over eastern China. Forcing values indicate that the climatic effect of aerosols over eastern China is much more significant than the globally averaged effect.     

A search for decay of with tin-loaded liquid scintillator

A search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of ¹²⁴Sn was carried out using the tin-loaded liquid scintillator for an active source-detector technique. Tin (32.6%) in weight was successfully loaded into the liquid scintillator, and light output was as high as 57% of the unloaded liquid scintillator. A tin-loaded liquid scintillator with 1.1 ℓ volume was installed at the 700 m underground laboratory in YangYang, and data were taken for 5285 h. No evidence for the 0νββ decay was found and a lower limit on the ¹²⁴Sn half-life was obtained to be 2.0×10¹⁹ year with 90% C.L. The new limit represents a significant improvement with respect to those previously available for ¹²⁴Sn.     

Search for TeV gamma-rays from Geminga pulsar

We present the results of observation of the Geminga pulsar carried out in the TeV energy band during the 6 year period spanning 2000–2006 using the Pachmarhi Array of Cherenkov Telescopes (PACT). A long stretch of data, new computer codes and the “Tempo” package have been used in the present analysis. We have searched for evidence of pulsed emission of γ-rays from the Geminga pulsar using the post-glitch pulsar elements obtained by Jackson and Halpern from X-ray/γ-ray satellite data. We do not see any significant evidence for pulsed emission from the Geminga pulsar at a threshold energy of 825 GeV. In this paper we present our results on the light curve in the TeV energy band, set an upper limit on the time averaged flux of γ-rays, and compare our results with other ground based observations.     

SPOT-5图像在西藏亚东县康布曲流域综合治理中的应用

以西藏亚东县为例,借助ERDASimagine、PCIGeomatic、Arc／INFO、MiCrostation等软件,研究了SPOT-5遥感数据在康布曲流域综合治理中的应用,运用了数字图像融合方法和图像增强技术,制作该区1：1万假彩色图像,并在此基础上对康布曲流域地形地貌、土地利用、植被类型、水土流失和地质灾害等进行了遥感调查,取得了良好的效果。为该区综合治理提供基础资料。     

Monazite-Xenotime Thermochronometry and Al2SiO5 Reaction Textures in the Picuris Range, Northern New Mexico, USA: New Evidence for a 1450-1400 Ma Orogenic Event

Al₂SiO₅ reaction textures in aluminous schist and quartziteof the northern Picuris range, north-central New Mexico, recorda paragenetic sequence of kyanite to sillimanite to andalusite,consistent with a clockwise P–T loop, with minor decompressionnear the Al₂SiO₅ triple-point. Peak metamorphic temperaturesare estimated at 510–525°C, at 4·0–4·2kbar. Kyanite and fibrolite are strongly deformed; some prismaticsillimanite, and all andalusite are relatively undeformed. Monaziteoccurs as inclusions within kyanite, mats of sillimanite andcentimetre-scale porphyroblasts of andalusite, and is typicallyaligned subparallel to the dominant regional foliation (S₀/S₁or S₂) and extension lineation (L₁). Back-scatter electron imagesand X-ray maps of monazite reveal distinct core, intermediateand rim compositional domains. Monazite–xenotime thermometryfrom the intermediate and rim domains yields temperatures of405–470°C (±50°C) and 500–520°C(±50°C), respectively, consistent with the progradeto peak metamorphic growth of monazite. In situ, ion microprobeanalyses from five monazites yield an upper intercept age of1417 ± 9 Ma. Near-concordant to concordant analyses yield²⁰⁷Pb–²⁰⁶Pb ages from 1434 ± 12 Ma (core) to 1390± 20 Ma (rim). We find no evidence of older regionalmetamorphism related to the 1650 Ma Mazatzal Orogeny. KEY WORDS: Al₂SiO₅; metamorphism; monazite; thermochronometry; triple-point     

Characteristics and Nonlinear Growth of the Singular Vector Related to a Heavy Rainfall Case over the Korean Peninsula

In this study,singular vectors related to a heavy rainfall case over the Korean Peninsula were calculated using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) adjoint modeling system.Tangent linear and adjoint models include moist physical processes,and a moist basic state and a moist total energy norm were used for the singular-vector calculations.The characteristics and nonlinear growth of the first singular vector were analyzed,focusing on the relationship between the basic state and the singular vector.The horizontal distribution of the initial singular vector was closely related to the baroclinicity index and the moisture availability of the basic state.The temperature-component energy at a lower level was dominant at the initial time,and the kinetic energy at upper levels became dominant at the final time in the energy profile of the singular vector.The nonlinear growth of the singular vector appropriately reflects the temporal variations in the basic state.The moisture-component energy at lower levels was dominant at earlier times,indicating continuous moisture transport in the basic state.There were a large amount of precipitation and corresponding latent heat release after that period because the continuous moisture transport created favorable conditions for both convective and nonconvective precipitation.The vertical propagation of the singular-vector energy was caused by precipitation and the corresponding latent heating in the basic state.