CG-5重力仪倾斜传感器检验调整原理解析及应用

对照CG-5数字重力仪倾斜传感器检验调整步骤,解析重力仪倾斜传感器零位补偿和灵敏度的检验调整原理,剖析倾斜传感器检验调整机理,通过实验对检验调整解析原理进行验证。结果表明,本文解析的检验调整原理正确,同时提出重力测量时倾斜传感器检验调整限差制定依据。该解析方法对于了解仪器原理、优化仪器应用及仪器的二次开发利用有参考作用。     

高分五号高光谱图像自编码网络非线性解混

针对高光谱非线性混合模型中的共线性问题,提出了一种非监督的增强型非线性自编码网络方法 ENAE(Enhanced Nonlinear Autoencoder)。通过结合自编码网络在挖掘数据内在结构、提取特征方面的优势,引入端元正则项减弱端元间的共线性效应,从而提高高光谱混合像元分解精度。ENAE方法的实现步骤主要包括两部分:一是网络结构初始化,二是非线性分解。网络结构初始化是确定编码器的节点数以及端元和丰度的初值;非线性分解则主要是实现损失函数的最小化。通过模拟数据、城市区域真实数据和高分五号卫星高光谱数据的实验,得到了相较于传统非线性分解方法更高的精度,证明了ENAE方法的鲁棒性。     

Trend analysis and first time observations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in South Africa using TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 P data

The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to end extreme poverty and create a healthy, sustainable world by the year 2030. Goal 7 is of interest to this study as it targets access to clean and affordable energy. However, in this study we show that the energy created in South Africa is not necessary clean. South Africa has numerous coal-fired power station located in the Mpumalanga (MP), Gauteng (GP) and Limpopo (LP) provinces. These power station produce tons of toxic pollutants including sulphur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulphates (SO₄). These pollutants are known to have a negative impact on human health, climate and the environment. In this study we use the sequential Mann-Kendall test to investigate the 39 year (1980–2019) trends of SO₂, NO₂ and SO₄ from these source areas. We also report for the first time on the observations of SO₂ and NO₂ from the Sentinel-5 P sensor over South Africa. Increasing trends of SO₂ were observed in the MP, LP and GP regions. The increase was mostly due to the emissions from coal-fired power stations. Moreover, the increase of SO₂ over the years could be due to the increasing demand in electricity, aging power stations and the low quality of coal used. Sentinel-5 P observations of SO₂ and NO₂ over South Africa were observed in the MP, GP and LP regions as a result of coal-fired power stations. Dispersion of SO₂ and NO₂ over South Africa were observed in the winter months, while confined SO₂ and NO₂ in the source region were observed in the summer months.     

Remote sensing data in lithium (Li) exploration: A new approach for the detection of Li-bearing pegmatites

Remote sensing has proved to be a powerful resource in geology capable of delineating target exploration areas for several deposit types. Only recently, these methodologies have been used for the detection of lithium (Li)-bearing pegmatites. This happened because of the growing importance and demand of Li for the construction of Li-ion batteries for electric cars. The objective of this study was to develop innovative and effective remote sensing methodologies capable of identifying Li-pegmatites through alteration mapping and through the direct identification of Li-bearing minerals. For that, cloud free Landsat-5, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and ASTER images with low vegetation coverage were used. The image processing methods included: RGB (red, green, blue) combinations, band ratios and selective principal component analysis (PCA). The study area of this work is the Fregeneda (Salamanca, Spain)-Almendra (Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Portugal) region, where different known types of Li-pegmatites have been mapped. This study proposes new RGB combinations, band ratios and subsets for selective PCA capable of differentiating the spectral signatures of the Li-bearing pegmatites from the spectral signatures of the host rocks. The potential and limitations of the methodologies proposed are discussed, but overall there is a great potential for the identification of Li-bearing pegmatites using remote sensing. The results obtained could be improved using sensors with a better spatial and spectral resolution.     

基于WebGIS的精细化格点预报可视化设计与实现

为了满足天气预报服务和人们日益增长的需求,精细化格点预报成为天气预报数字化的发展趋势。采用B/S结构,借助WebGIS的可视化技术,基于ArcGIS API for JavaScript轻量级方法构建了精细化格点预报可视化系统。本文分析了气象格点数据的特征及格点数据的可视化表达方式,侧重于多种气象要素格点数据的可视化显示、格点交互编辑订正和基于格点位置的中期天气预报查询,为格点预报可视化提供更好的服务。     

西风爆发在CMIP5 中的模拟评价

赤道西风爆发现象(西风爆发)是指赤道表面西风突然增大的现象,已有研究表明赤道太平洋西风爆发与ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) 有密切的关系。本文就西风爆发现象在CMIP5中的模拟情况进行了相关评价,并将其与观测结果进行对比;同时对西风爆发与ENSO的关系、西风爆发与MJO的关系进行了细致的分析与评价。研究结果表明,模式可以很好地再现西风爆发随厄尔尼诺事件发生而向东移动的现象,这主要是由于赤道太平洋西风爆发与赤道太平洋海表温度有很好的对应关系。在大部分模式中,西风爆发领先于厄尔尼诺的发生,并对厄尔尼诺的发展有着相应的影响。与前人的研究结果不同,利用蒙特卡洛验证法证明MJO不能显著地增加西风爆发发生的概率,这一点也在大部分CMIP5模式中有所体现。     

CG-5重力仪零漂稳定性评估

对4台购于不同时期的CG-5重力仪进行零漂稳定性分析,提出运用拟合直线相关系数来评估仪器的静态零漂稳定性,以及运用平均动态零漂率来评估仪器的动态零漂稳定性。数据处理结果证明,该方法能有效地评估CG-5重力仪的零漂稳定性特征。     

宁镇及宜溧地区全新世中晚期典型沉积相与5 700 a B.P.前后的气候突变事件

分析宁镇及宜溧地区中晚全新世典型剖面的地层划分与特征,采用R-Q型因子分析方法估算气候变化值,揭示5700a B.P.前后发生在本区的干燥降温异常气候突变事件。气候曲线与沉积相序列的对比分析表明,宝华山浅棕黄色砂土夹角砾层洪-坡积相是该突变事件背景下的产物,且该突变事件还具有全球变化区域响应的征候,林峰桥同期淤泥质层中Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺比和粘土百分含量异常值进一步印证了这一论断。     

CBERS-CCD数据第5波段空间位移实验研究

CBERS-CCD数据波段间是否配准,尤其是第5波段与其它波段间是否存在空间位移,相关研究还少见报道。通过科研项目支助实验研究,得到①CBERS-1 CCD原始数据第5波段相同地物特征点相对其它波段向南移动0.84km,向东移动0.83km;②CBERS-2CCD原始数据第5波段相同地物特征点相对其它波段向南移动0.74km,向东移动0.11km;③利用CBERS-CCD数据开展应用项目研究,尤其是用到第5波段数据时候,必须重视波段间客观存在空间位移问题。     

Analysis on coral reefs mapping using SPOT5 data at the Dongsha Atoll

Coral reefs are an sensitive-to-environment complex marine ecosystem. The ecosystem of corals is rich in biodiversity. Remote sensing offers a powerful tool for categorizing coral reefs and is the most cost-effective approach for the large-scale reef survey. The Dongsha Atoll, more than 300 km2 with an average depth of 10 m, is located at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. It has been abused by destructive fishing during recent decades. Three satellite imageries (Quickbird2, ETM and SPOT5) are used to evaluate the capabilities of SPOT5 imagery to provide data that are useful for categorizing the current distribution of coral reefs therein. During the data processing, unsupervised classification functions are adopted for ETM and SPOT5 data, while the supervised classification method is used for Quickbird2. The classes are (or not) merged into coral reef, and then will be operated by vectorization, simplification, and topological analysis. There are 1 331 coral reefs larger than 100 m2 with a detection limit of 3×3 pixels at the multi-band data of Quickbird2, which is taken as the comparison baseline. The results extracted from SPOT5 and ETM images are less in number and area than those from the Quickbird2 image, whereas the results from SPOT5 data are better than those of ETM data at the silty lagoon due to its higher resolution. SPOT5 XS band 2 fails to distinguish the deep substrate inside the atoll compared with ETM data because of its poor penetration capability. Only SPOT XS band 1 cannot be used to differentiate coral reef from sand bottom. Merging the SPOT5 multi-bands data with the spatial resolution of SPOT5 pan-data and referring to ETM imagery are expected to provide an optimal satellite-based approach for mapping of coral reefs.