内蒙古得尔布干成矿带铅锌银矿两期叠加成矿的矿物学证据——以乌尔根矿为例

内蒙古额尔古纳市乌尔根铅锌银矿是得尔布干成矿带上具有代表性的浅成中低温热液型铅锌银矿之一。显微镜下观察、电子探针分析结果等矿物学证据证明,该矿床存在2期成矿作用。其中早期火山热液形成的金属硫化物普遍受应力作用的改造,并广泛被晚期形成的矿物交代,典型矿物是不含乳滴状黄铜矿的闪锌矿,具有高含量Fe、Mn和低含量Cu的特征;晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液形成的金属硫化物占大多数,常交代早期形成的矿物并与其交生在一起,典型矿物是含固溶体乳滴黄铜矿的闪锌矿,并且具有中等含量Fe、Mn和高含量Cu的特征。在次火山热液期的晚阶段残余热液还形成了较为纯净的呈棕黄色-无色透明的纯净闪锌矿,具有高含量Zn,低含量Fe、Mn、Cu的特征。结合前人测定的研究区火山岩和矿石矿物定年结果以及火山岩主量元素组成数据,推测早期火山热液成矿与中基性塔木兰沟组火山岩关系密切,而晚期次火山(隐爆角砾岩)热液属于满克头鄂博组的(中)酸性岩浆热液的产物。隐爆角砾岩热液富含Cu元素且为成矿提供了主要物质来源,是研究区寻找除铅锌之外其他矿种的重要线索。     

义县金矿成困矿物学研究

义县金矿是我国新发现的一个金矿床,矿床规模较大,品位高,矿石成分简单,易采易选。矿床受地层、断裂、岩脉活动等因素影响,并有多源特证。     

Lateglacial and Holocene climate and soil erosion in southeastern France: A case study from Etang du Pourra,Provence

A synthesis of pollen evidence from Etang du Pourra, a small pond in Rhodanian Provence, France, complemented by new sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological data allow a reassessment of the Lateglacial-Holocene vegetation and climatic history of the area. The Etang du Pourra succession is shown to consist of two parts; the lower part dates from the Lateglacial and the upper reveals the Holocene pollen-stratigraphic succession typical of the region. In the Lateglacial, a humid and cooler phase is recorded before the Younger Dryas conditions progressively set in. In the Holocene succession, the consequences of human modifications on the environment are clearly visible in changes in mineralogy and pollen stratigraphy.     

因硫碲铋矿在中国的首次发现

在陕西黄龙金矿发现了多粒碲铋矿物,根据电子探针分析数据,其中有几粒的成分与因硫碲铋矿相近,颗粒大小为十几到几十微米,与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、赤铁矿等共生。Au与Bi在矿石和围岩中的含量呈共消长关系,Te与Bi可能对Au的迁移富集起了重要作用。     

Classification of mineral deposits into types using mineralogy with a probabilistic neural network

In order to determine whether it is desirable to quantify mineral-deposit models further, a test of the ability of a probabilistic neural network to classify deposits into types based on mineralogy was conducted. Presence or absence of ore and alteration mineralogy in well-typed deposits were used to train the network. To reduce the number of minerals considered, the analyzed data were restricted to minerals present in at least 20% of at least one deposit type. An advantage of this restriction is that single or rare occurrences of minerals did not dominate the results. Probabilistic neural networks can provide mathematically sound confidence measures based on Bayes theorem and are relatively insensitive to outliers. Founded on Parzen density estimation, they require no assumptions about distributions of random variables used for classification, even handling multimodal distributions. They train quickly and work as well as, or better than, multiple-layer feedforward networks. Tests were performed with a probabilistic neural network employing a Gaussian kernel and separate sigma weights for each class and each variable. The training set was reduced to the presence or absence of 58 reported minerals in eight deposit types. The training set included: 49 Cyprus massive sulfide deposits; 200 kuroko massive sulfide deposits; 59 Comstock epithermal vein gold districts; 17 quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits; 25 Creede epithermal gold deposits; 28 sedimentary-exhalative zinc-lead deposits; 28 Sado epithermal vein gold deposits; and 100 porphyry copper deposits. The most common training problem was the error of classifying about 27% of Cyprus-type deposits in the training set as kuroko. In independent tests with deposits not used in the training set, 88% of 224 kuroko massive sulfide deposits were classed correctly, 92% of 25 porphyry copper deposits, 78% of 9 Comstock epithermal gold-silver districts, and 83% of six quartzalunite epithermal gold deposits were classed correctly. Across all deposit types, 88% of deposits in the validation dataset were correctly classed. Misclassifications were most common if a deposit was characterized by only a few minerals, e.g., pyrite, chalcopyrite,and sphalerite. The success rate jumped to 98% correctly classed deposits when just two rock types were added. Such a high success rate of the probabilistic neural network suggests that not only should this preliminary test be expanded to include other deposit types, but that other deposit features should be added     

卓资孔兹岩系成因矿物学研究

内蒙古卓资一带孔兹岩系中的辉石、角闪石、石榴石、黑云母均形成于麻粒岩相条件。二辉石地质温度计和石榴石—黑云母地质温度计和压力计计算结果表明,孔兹岩系岩石的变质温度为750—850℃,变质压力为800—920 MPa,变质地温梯度为26.2—28.5℃/km,属中压麻粒岩相。     

内蒙古太古宙麻粒岩相岩石中辉石特征和结晶温压条件

辉石是本区的主要造岩矿物,在麻粒岩相岩石中分布比较广泛。综合研究表明,本区斜方辉石的一个显著特征是普遍较富铁,从含铁量的变化范围来看,矿物的含铁量和岩石中的含铁量大致呈正相关关系。单斜辉石中FeO、MgO、CaO的含量变化较小,从化学成分上对比,单斜辉石MgO的含量与斜方辉石MgO含量都受岩石成分所控制。本文所研究的两种辉石均属平衡共生关系,据二辉石矿物对获得本区麻粒岩相变质作用的温度为800-900℃,压力为(7—10)×108Pa。     

马里亚纳海槽热液区岩石矿物学和岩石化学特征研究

马里亚纳海槽中央轴裂谷中的小扩张脊部位 ,广布火山喷发的玄武岩体 ,海底热液硫化物就是从这些岩体的裂隙中喷溢堆积起来的。利用我国“大洋一号”船拖网所获岩样进行了矿物学和岩石化学特征研究 ,认定为高铝低钾的大洋底玄武岩或拉斑玄武岩系列和钙 -碱玄武岩。为进一步弄清马里亚纳海槽区热液活动岩石学条件和探讨海槽区热液物质来源提供科学证据     

Vertical Patterns of Suspended Matter Characteristics Along a Coastal-basin Transect in the Western Baltic Sea

Suspended particulate matter samples were collected from the water column, the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ from four stations along a coastal-basin transect in the Pomeranian Bight, western Baltic Sea. Sampling was performed nine times between October 1996 and December 1998 for various analyses, including electron probe x-ray micro analysis for detailed mineralogical investigations.Specific vertical patterns of clay mineral distributions were found. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the bottom nepheloid layer and the ‘ fluffy layer ’ overlying sediments was enriched in organic carbon and hydrated three layer clay minerals, whereas the non-aggregated SPM was dominated by quartz and biogenic opal. It appears that separation effects operate during aggregation of mineral particles and organic matter in repeated cycles of resuspension and settling. No clear seasonal variations in the composition of the SPM were found, in spite of high spatial and temporal variability of biological and physical variables. The results suggest that preferential incorporation, possibly aided by microbiological colonization, of hydrated three layer silicates into the organic flocs is a process that occurs under a wide range of conditions. Because aggregates sink faster than individual particles, aggregate formation led to a relative enrichment of illite and smectite in the near-bottom layers. Considering the affinity of organic contaminants and heavy metals to organic matter, the selective removal of aggregated organic matter and hydrated three-layer clay minerals from the water column and enhanced transport in the near-bottom fluffy layer may be a natural cleansing mechanism operating in the shallow waters of the bight.     

相山铀矿田基底变质岩原岩恢复及构造环境判别

文章通过对相山铀矿田深部变质岩开展岩石学、矿物学及地球化学等方面的研究,以探讨相山基底变质岩原岩的属性和形成环境等特征。根据铀矿科学钻孔岩心样品地球化学分析显示,基底变质岩成熟度较高,显示高镁铁、富硅、富铝,低钠钾的特征,原岩总体呈中酸性。变质岩整体表现出相对富集Ba、U、Rb、K、Th等元素,亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素;轻、重稀土元素分馏较为明显,且轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损;δEu为0.6～1.1,平均为0.7,小于1,表现为负异常;δCe为2.9～3.9,平均为3.4,表现为正异常。根据变质岩稀土元素北美页岩标准化(NASC)蛛网图显示,样品稀土元素含量与北美页岩(NASC)含量相近,推测原岩具有沉积岩的特征。主量元素分布特征表明相山铀矿田基底变质岩原岩成分复杂,推测其原岩主要为一套陆源海相沉积泥质岩、砂岩及粉砂岩系列的浅变质作用类型的陆源碎屑岩,主要有岩屑砂岩、富镁沉积岩、泥质碳质硅质岩,可能有部分火山凝灰岩。根据主微量构造判别图,推测相山基底变质岩其原岩为大陆岛弧构造环境下形成的沉积碎屑岩。