芦山M7．0地震余震分布特征

使用双差定位方法,对2013年4月20日08时02分芦山 M 7．0地震后近10天的余震进行重新定位,获得精度较高的重定位结果;在此基础上,对余震空间分布特征进行研究,推测芦山主震的发震断层可能为大川-双石主断裂东侧的一条次级隐伏逆冲断层。     

杭州湾中部实测波浪特性分析

利用杭州湾中部一年实测波浪资料,分析该地区的波参数统计变化特性,采用最小二乘法拟合得出相关参数之间的关系式,并统计分析了频谱特性。结果表明:杭州湾中部以小浪和轻浪为主,在各月分布较为均匀,年平均周期为2.97 s;最大一次波浪过程为冷空气影响所致,影响强度大于台风莫拉克;常浪向分布在东北至东南向,其中又以小浪出现较多,对应的波周期以2~4 s为主;强浪向主要分布在西北和东北方向,对应的波周期主要分布在3~5 s;多数特征波参数之间相关关系较好;由谱分析得知风浪占多数,且以单峰为主。研究结果可为相关工程和理论研究提供基础资料。     

Regional characteristics of dust events in China

The regional characteristics of dust events in China has been mainly studied by using the data of dust storm, wind-blown sand and floating dust from 338 observation stations through China from 1954 to 2000. The results of this study are as follows: (1) In China, there are two high frequent areas of dust events, one is located in the area of Minfeng and Hotan in the South Xinjiang Basin, the other is situated in the area of Minqin and Jilantai in the Hexi Region. Furthermore, the spatial distributions of the various types of dust events are different. The dust storms mainly occur in the arid and semiarid areas covering the deserts and the areas undergoing desertification in northern China. Wind-blown sand and floating-dust not only occur in the areas where dust storms occur, but also extend to the neighboring areas. The range of wind-blown sand extends northeastward and southeastward, but floating-dust mainly extends southeastward to the low-latitude region such as the East China Plain and the area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Compared with wind-blown sand, the floating-dust seldom occurs in the high latitude areas such as North Xinjiang and Northeast China. (2) The affected areas of dust storms can be divided into seven sub-regions, that is, North Xinjiang Region, South Xinjiang Region, Hexi Region, Qaidam Basin Region, Hetao Region, Northeastern China Region and Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Region. The area of the most frequent occurrence of dust storms and floating-dust is in South Xinjiang Region, and of wind-blown sand in the Hexi Region. In general, the frequency of dust events in all the seven regions shows a decreasing tendency from 1954 to 2000, but there are certain differences between various dust events in different regions. The maximum interannual change and variance of dust events during this time happened in South Xinjiang Region and Hexi Region. The dust events generally occur most frequently in April in most parts of China. The spring occurred days of dust events occupied 60-70% of the whole year in Hetao Region and Northeastern China Region. However, in South Xinjiang Region and North Xinjiang Region, which was less affected by monsoon climate, dust events may occur at any time of the year, less than 50% of the events in this region occur during spring. In the remaining three regions 50-60% of the dust events occur in spring of a year.     

富碱斑岩中超镁铁深源包体岩石的矿物学特征

在云南省鹤庆县六合乡富碱斑岩体中找到超镁铁深源岩石包体，这对于研究富碱斑岩的起源和演化及其成岩成矿作用具有重要意义。本文较系统地研究了深源包体岩石的矿物学特征，揭示该深源包体具有原始上地幔岩在地幔条件下受到一定程度富集地幔流体交代作用改造的特征，具有富集地幔低程度部分熔融属性，为富碱斑岩的成岩成矿演化提供了重要的矿物学依据。     

影响土的崩解特性因素初步研究

通过研究土的崩解特性进而指导工程施工,按《岩土工程勘察规范》对土的分类标准,对不同粒级分配的土样即砂土、黏粉、粉黏各选取两个代表性样品进行崩解特性试验,研究得出两点结论：（1）崩解过程开始时崩解速度较快,土样表面细小分散颗粒落入水中,此现象砂粉尤为明显,大量土体脱落,崩解速度极为快速。砂粉粒度程度较大,土的孔隙性和透水性较大,因此崩解速度较快,本次两个试样在近1h内完全崩解。黏粉试样含砂粉和粉黏,崩解速度处于砂粉及粉黏之间。而粉黏试样崩解时间较长,崩解过程较为缓慢,甚至几天都无法崩解;（2）崩解过程并不是一个规律的过程,跟土体的物理特性也有关系,且崩解过程中崩解方式不同,开始主要以粉末状和小碎块状为主,浸水时间较长后开始出现裂隙,随着裂隙的增大,期间伴随粉末状崩落,土体呈块状裂开,过程中不断有气泡逸出,水质浑浊。     

大兴安岭岩石圈地幔特征——哈拉哈河-绰尔河橄榄岩捕虏体的证据

大兴安岭哈拉哈河-绰尔河第四纪火山岩中含有尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩捕虏体.本文报道的尖晶石相橄榄岩包括方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩两类,前者分布数量略高于后者.方辉橄榄岩多数具有较高的平衡温度(1072～1193℃),矿物化学成分变化大,含有高Mg橄榄石和高Cr#尖晶石,这些特征一致表明是古老岩石圈地幔残余的样品.而二辉橄榄岩显示相对均一的矿物化学成分和很宽的平衡温度变化范围(636～1178℃),代表了明显受到改造的岩石圈地幔,可能反映岩石圈地幔的不同深度和局部经历了软流圈与岩石圈相互作用.通过与华北克拉通的对比,发现地处兴蒙造山带的大兴安岭岩石圈地幔中仍保留有相当量的古老岩石圈地幔残余,区别于遭受强烈改造和破坏的华北克拉通东部地区的岩石圈地幔.     

康滇地轴南段江川盆地澄江砂岩微量元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

主要阐述了江川盆地澄江砂岩（Zac）的紫色砂岩与灰色砂岩、铀矿化蚀变岩微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征。通过判别与对比,澄江砂岩（Zac）物质来源于活动大陆边缘,虽然铀矿化主要分布在灰色砂岩中,但灰色砂岩并不是控制铀矿化的主要因素,在铀矿化时有深部流体物质的影响。微量元素地球化学特征对探索该区砂岩型铀矿化以及寻找不整合面型铀矿床提供了可能,具有重要的指示意义。     

青山洞金矿床成因及找矿模型探讨

青山洞金矿位于湖南西南部的雪峰弧形构造成矿带上,是该成矿区带近年来新发现的重要金矿床。通过对青山洞金矿床地质特征的研究,分析其矿床成因类型属构造岩浆＋变质热液并以充填交代方式形成的韧脆性剪切带型金矿床,具硫化物-自然金矿石建造,工业类型为破碎蚀变岩型。并初步总结了成矿模式并建立了找矿模型,为寻找同类型金矿提供参考和指导。     

新疆西昆仑玛尔坎苏锰矿带成矿地质特征及找矿方向

西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区晚石炭世优质锰矿找矿取得重大突破,锰矿带层位稳定,厚度较大,品位富,属于典型的海相沉积型锰矿床。笔者通过对成矿地质背景及典型矿床成矿地质特征进行研究,分析控矿地质条件,提出含碳泥晶灰岩、背斜构造、断裂构造、遥感及地球物理等找矿标志,认为玛尔坎苏锰矿带外围及深部找矿潜力巨大,应加强奥尔托喀讷什锰矿床南翼、苏萨尔布拉克、博托彦、托库孜布拉克等的锰矿找矿工作;应重视矿田构造的研究,拓展深部找矿空间;塔里木西缘及北缘石炭系锰矿找矿工作需进一步重视。