湘江下游河床沉积物元素地球化学背景值估算

本研究对湘江下游河床沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析,在认识沉积物元素地球化学特征、甄别人为源与自然源重金属的基础上,估算了沉积物的元素地球化学背景值。结果表明：SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O等主量元素及V、Co、Cr、Ba、Sc、U、Sr、Ga、Ge、Rb、Nb、Y、REE等微量元素在沉积物中含量变化相对稳定（Cv< 0. 2）,分布相对均匀,且富集不明显（EF< 2. 0,Sr明显亏损）。而MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、P2O5等主量元素,及Cd、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属在沉积物中含量变化大（Cv> 0. 25）,分布极不均匀,且沉积物中重金属明显富集（EF> 2. 0）。主成分及Pearson线性相关性分析显示,沉积物中不明显富集的微量元素主要赋存于难溶硅酸盐矿物相中,为自然源元素。而沉积物中显著富集的重金属主要赋存于铁—锰氧化物等矿物相中,为有人为源叠加的元素。故针对不同来源特征的元素用不同的方法进行了背景值计算,求得沉积物中47个元素的背景值。再利用元素比值等方法对所得背景值进行检验。结果表明,本文得到的湘江沉积物元素背景值合理,可用作流域沉积物重金属污染评价参考。     

松辽盆地西南部DL铀矿带铀赋存状态及矿物组成特征

DL铀矿带是松辽盆地近年找矿的新发现。文章利用扫描电镜、电子探针和自动矿物参数定量分析系统等测试手段对该区矿石样品进行了铀赋存状态研究,结果表明:研究区铀主要以沥青铀矿、含锆铀矿物、含钛铀矿物等独立铀矿物以及黏土吸附、有机质吸附、锐钛矿吸附等吸附铀形式存在,铀矿物呈微粒状、细脉状、块状和团块状产出,空间上与磷灰石、硒铅矿、黄铁矿、有机质和碳酸盐等关系密切,与周边铀矿床的铀存在形式略有差别,其中含锆铀矿物在砂岩型铀矿中属首次发现。矿物组成以石英、长石、黏土矿物和碳酸盐为主,此外还有一定量的钛铁氧化物、重晶石、铁氧化物和少量独居石、磷钇矿、硒铅矿等副矿物。利用电子探针的铀定量分析数据和自动矿物参数定量分析系统的铀矿物定量分析数据,首次定量计算了不同存在形式铀的分布率,结果显示:独立铀矿物中沥青铀矿和含锆铀矿物的分布率最高,吸附铀以黏土矿物吸附占优势,有机质和锐钛矿吸附次之。铀赋存状态及矿物组成的精细厘定对矿床成因与选冶工艺研究等具有重要意义。     

India at crossroads for energy

As one of the fastest growing economies and further larger consumer of energy in the world,there has been a paradigm shift in India's energy demand.Here we evaluate the growth of Indian economy its,diversification of agriculture-based economy to industrial production,service and digital-technology based economy and deepening of income sources,although the dependence on foreign sources for energy demands has not markedly improved.This situation has placed India at the crossroads for energy sufficiency,especially under the highly fluid and changing geopolitical,strategic,environmental and economic scenarios of the World order.We attempt to un-derstand the issue from geological perspective and address some of the impediments.     

East Antarctic sources of extensive Lower–Middle Ordovician turbidites in the Lachlan Orogen,southern Tasmanides,eastern Australia

Lower to upper Middle Ordovician quartz-rich turbidites form the bedrock of the Lachlan Orogen in the southern Tasmanides of eastern Australia and occupy a present-day deformed volume of ～2–3 million km³. We have used U–Pb and Hf-isotope analyses of detrital zircons in biostratigraphically constrained turbiditic sandstones from three separate terranes of the Lachlan Orogen to investigate possible source regions and to compare similarities and differences in zircon populations. Comparison with shallow-water Lower Ordovician sandstones deposited on the subsiding margin of the Gondwana craton suggests different source regions, with Grenvillian zircons in shelf sandstones derived from the Musgrave Province in central Australia, and Panafrican sources in shelf sandstones possibly locally derived. All Ordovician turbiditic sandstone samples in the Lachlan Orogen are dominated by ca 490–620 Ma (late Panafrican) and ca 950–1120 Ma (late Grenvillian) zircons that are sourced mainly from East Antarctica. Subtle differences between samples point to different sources. In particular, the age consistency of late Panafrican zircon data from the most inboard of our terranes (Castlemaine Group, Bendigo Terrane) suggests they may have emanated directly from late Grenvillian East Antarctic belts, such as in Dronning Maud Land and subglacial extensions that were reworked in the late Panafrican. Changes in zircon data in the more outboard Hermidale and Albury-Bega terranes are more consistent with derivation from the youngest of four sedimentary sequences of the Ross Orogen of Antarctica (Cambrian–Ordovician upper Byrd Group, Liv Group and correlatives referred to here as sequence 4) and/or from the same mixture of sources that supplied that sequence. These sources include uncommon ca 650 Ma rift volcanics, late Panafrican Ross arc volcanics, now largely eroded, and some <545 Ma Granite Harbour Intrusives, representing the roots of the Ross Orogen continental-margin arc. Unlike farther north, Granite Harbour Intrusives between the Queen Maud and Pensacola mountains of the southern Ross Orogen contain late Grenvillian zircon xenocrysts (derived from underlying relatively juvenile basement), as well as late Panafrican magmatic zircons, and are thus able to supply sequence 4 and the Lachlan Ordovician turbidites with both these populations. Other zircons and detrital muscovites in the Lachlan Ordovician turbidites were derived from relatively juvenile inland Antarctic sources external to the orogen (e.g. Dronning Maud Land, Sør Rondane and a possible extension of the Pinjarra Orogen) either directly or recycled through older sedimentary sequences 2 (Beardmore and Skelton groups) and 3 (e.g. Hannah Ridge Formation) in the Ross Orogen. Shallow-water, forearc basin sequence 4 sediments (or their sources) fed turbidity currents into outboard, deeper-water parts of the forearc basin and led to deposition of the Ordovician turbidites ～2500–3400 km to the north in backarc-basin settings of the Lachlan Orogen.     

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东区始新统流三段水进型扇三角洲沉积特征

北部湾盆地乌石凹陷东区流沙港组三段岩性相对复杂,沉积差异大,横向变化快,连通性差,深入研究流沙港组三段沉积物源和沉积特征对油气勘探开发具有一定的指导意义。在系统的岩心观察与精细描述基础上,结合测井、地震和分析化验资料,针对研究区流沙港组三段沉积物源、沉积相类型及展布特征展开研究。综合分析认为,流沙港组三段物源来自于北部高地势地区,发育相对近物源的水进型扇三角洲沉积,砂体厚度较大,相带窄,相变快,其中三角洲前缘可进一步划分为水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、分流间湾等4种沉积微相;在物源分析、井震约束的基础上,依据井震结合含砂率等值线,同时结合测井平面相、地震反射结构、地震构型信息等,综合绘制研究区沉积微相平面展布图,确定了研究区流沙港组三段"大前缘小平原"的沉积特征,并最终建立了该区扇三角洲沉积模式,为乌石凹陷东区流沙港组三段油气勘探开发和储量计算提供了借鉴。     

贵州纳雍枝铅锌矿床地质、地球化学及矿床成因

纳雍枝铅锌矿床位于扬子陆块西南缘,是黔西北地区五指山背斜内近年来取得勘查突破的大型铅锌矿床(1.30Mt),也是川滇黔矿集区贵州境内目前发现的最大规模的铅锌矿床。矿体受层位和构造控制明显,呈似层状、脉状及透镜状产于五指山背斜南东翼穿层和顺层构造带内,赋矿围岩为下寒武统清虚洞组和上震旦统灯影组白云岩。无论是缓倾斜的似层状矿体,还是陡倾斜的脉状矿体,矿石中普遍发育角砾状、脉状、网脉状和浸染状构造,金属矿物主要为闪锌矿,次为方铅矿和黄铁矿,脉石矿物以白云石、方解石为主,次为石英和重晶石。研究结果显示,该矿床硫化物δ~(34)SV-CDT值变化范围较宽,介于4.7‰~22.8‰之间,平均16.68‰,多数集中在18‰~22.5‰之间,远高于赋矿白云岩的δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)值(7.3‰)。硫化物总体呈现δ~(34)S_(闪锌矿)δ~(34)S_(方铅矿)δ~(34)S_(黄铁矿),暗示S同位素分馏未达到平衡,成矿流体的δ~(34)S_(∑S)值应高于硫化物的平均δ~(34)S值(16.68‰)。因此,成矿流体中的硫主要来源于赋矿海相碳酸盐岩中的蒸发膏岩,是蒸发硫酸盐矿物热化学还原(TSR)作用的产物。硫化物具有正常Pb的组成特征,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb及~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb变化范围分别为17.8240~17.9701、15.6364~15.7651和37.8956~38.3230,与赋矿白云岩Pb同位素组成略有不同,但壳源特征明显,很可能来源于区域基底岩石。综上认为,纳雍枝铅锌矿床兼具层控和断控成矿特征,成矿物质主要由壳源岩石提供,硫化物沉淀受控于富金属流体与富还原硫流体的混合作用,其形成是区域构造与大规模成矿流体耦合作用的结果,属于MVT矿床。     

东濮凹陷北部盐湖相原油特征与成因

东濮凹陷盐湖相油气成因与成藏机理研究薄弱。采用色谱/质谱(GC/MS)等常规技术,结合傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱、单体烃碳同位素技术,对东濮凹陷北部文明寨、卫城地区油气特征及其成因进行了解剖。结果表明,该区原油具有植烷对姥鲛烷优势显著、伽马蜡烷富集、升藿烷“翘尾”、甾烷异构化程度较低等咸水、盐湖相原油的典型特征。原油还具有正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素呈低碳重、高碳轻、近两段式分布的特征,与柴达木盐湖相原油有所差异。原油中检测到丰富的S1、S2、O1S1、N1、O1、O2、O3等芳构化程度较低的NSO化合物,其与该区低熟油的形成关系密切。油-油、油-岩详细对比表明,东濮凹陷北部原油主要来自埋深超过3 000 m的沙三—沙四段烃源岩、存在不同成熟度原油混合聚集现象。研究结果对该区进一步油气勘探具有重要指示意义。     

胶州湾沉积物中有机质的来源与组成及其对百年尺度环境变化的指示

The Jiaozhou Bay is characterized by heavy eutrophication that is associated with intensive anthropogenic activities. Four core sediments from the Jiaozhou Bay are analyzed using bulk technologies, including sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), the stable carbon(δ~(13)C) and nitrogen(δ~(15) N) isotopic composition to obtain the comprehensive understanding of the source and composition of sedimentary organic matter and further shed light on the environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay on a centennial time scale.Results suggest that the TOC and TN concentrations increase in the upper core, having indicated a probable eutrophication process since the 1920 s in the inner bay and the 2000 s in the bay mouth. The TOC and TN concentrations outside the bay have also changed since 1916 owing to the variation of terrigenous input.Considering TOC/TN ratio, δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N, it can be concluded there is a mixture of terrigenous and marine organic matter sources in the study area. A simple two end-member(terrigenous and marine) mixing model usingδ~(13) C indicats that 45%–79% of TOC in the Jiaozhou Bay is from the marine source. The environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay are recorded by geochemical proxies, which are influenced by the intensive anthropogenic activities(e.g., extensive use of fertilizers, and discharge of sewage) and climate changes(e.g., rainfall).     

塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源

通过对塔里木河下游典型荒漠植物河岸胡杨（Populus euphratica,成年和幼龄）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata）、骆驼刺（Alhagi sparfolia）木质部水及不同潜在水源的稳定性氧同位素值的测定,并利用多源线性混合模型（IsoSource）和相似性比例指数（PS指数）分别分析了各潜在水源对不同植物的贡献率以及各月份不同植物间的水分利用关系。结果表明：（1）在塔里木河下游,成年胡杨、幼龄胡杨、柽柳几乎都不利用0~50 cm的表层土壤水,而主要利用200 cm以下的深层土壤水和地下水,而甘草、骆驼刺主要吸收50~200 cm的土壤水。（2）在生长季的不同月份里,除个别月份外,胡杨（成年和幼龄）、柽柳之间存在激烈水分竞争;甘草、骆驼刺在生长旺季和末期对各水源都存在较强的竞争关系,而成年或幼龄胡杨、柽柳和甘草、骆驼刺之间水分竞争关系较弱。（3）在塔里木河下游,为了适应极端干旱,无论是乔木胡杨、还是灌木柽柳,水分来源主要是较稳定的深层水源,且对各水源的利用比例在不同月份波动不大。     

西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源

班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧分布着多个与班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲、碰撞、后碰撞伸展各阶段有关的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,目前对单个矿床的研究较多,而对形成于不同环境下的矿床之间的对比研究较少。本文通过对该成矿带南侧典型矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床的S、Pb同位素特征进行较为系统的总结,并结合前人对辉钼矿Re同位素、成矿岩体地球化学特征、成岩成矿时代及区域构造演化等研究的成果,对不同构造背景下所形成的4个矿床的成矿物质来源进行对比研究。研究表明：舍索矿床的S同位素具有明显的双峰式分布,为壳幔混合来源,而区内典型矿床的S同位素显示从班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲（舍索）→碰撞（嘎拉勒、尕尔穷）→后碰撞（班戈日阿）逐渐富集重硫的特征;Pb同位素显示舍索较其他矿床更富集放射成因Pb,舍索、班戈日阿矿床成矿物质主要来源于念青唐古拉群结晶基底,而同碰撞期形成的嘎拉勒、尕尔穷矿床则显示了明显的壳幔混合来源的特征,念青唐古拉群结晶基底对尕尔穷矿床的成矿物质有少量贡献。此外,斑岩-矽卡岩复合型矿床的成矿物质来源具有壳幔混源的特征,而单一的矽卡岩型矿床以上地壳来源为主。