老挝爬立山铁矿二长花岗斑岩地球化学特征及其成矿意义

老挝爬立山铁矿位于长山褶皱带北西端,为一个大型矽卡岩型铁矿床。铁矿化产于二长花岗斑岩的内、外接触带。二长花岗斑岩具有富碱,硅、铝过饱和的特征,属钙碱性岩。微量元素配分模式与正常大陆弧花岗岩类似,稀土配分模式为右倾轻稀土富集型,正铕异常,轻重稀土分馏明显,属下地壳重熔被动侵位形成的"S"型花岗岩。岩体U-Pb年龄为283±2.9Ma,侵位时间为早二叠世。爬立山铁矿床潜在资源量巨大,外围地区具有相同类型铁矿床的找矿远景。     

次火山岩型和斑岩型矿床地质对比

国内外资料表明,次火山岩型和斑岩型两类矿床在找矿标志和找矿方向上存在较大差别,在同时代的火山岩区,斑岩型铜矿化和次火山岩型铜矿化可以共存,但是,两者不是单一成矿阶段的产物,而是与同源多阶段侵入活动有关的不同成矿作用的产物。     

成矿流体对德兴斑岩铜矿床中伊利石结晶度的控制作用

伊利石广泛存在于铜厂大型斑岩铜矿床内,是特征的热液蚀变矿物,其结晶度和膨胀层含量受携带矿质的热液流体量控制。以浸染状强矿化为特征的斑岩体中上部及接触带附近伊利石结晶程度较好,主要是高水／岩比作用的结果。同时指示出伊利石结晶程度好的部位,矿化品位高,蚀变程度也强。     

对与我国金属矿产资源探寻有关基础研究的思考和讨论

在分析国内外对金属矿产资源的需求形势和我国金属矿产资源探明储量状况的基础上,提出了我国金属矿产资源探寻的基础研究目标:在我国现有国力情况下,与金属矿产资源探寻有关基础研究的近期目标是在大规模成矿作用研究基础上,为在我国东部大型矿集区千米级尺度深部发现现实可利用的资源储量提供科学依据和指导;中、长期目标主要是为西部大型矿集区雏形的圈定奠定科学基础,为国家战略性资源接替基地的寻找和确定服务。     

秦岭地区砂金分布特征与成矿机理

秦岭地区砂金矿床大部分分布在嘉陵江、汉水及其它们的支流流域。总结了砂金矿床分布特征,并将３种类型进行了对比。系统地对矿源、搬运、储存和富集的成矿模式、成因机理进行了研究。地貌与产构造运动在成矿中占有重要地位。     

Deep xenoliths in alkalic porphyry, Liuhe, Yunnan, and implications to petrogenesis of alkalic porphyry and associated mineralizations

Na-rich microlite-glass is first discovered in deep-source xenoliths in alkali-rich porphyry, Liuhe village, Heqing County, Yunnan Province. It is shown that the ultramafic xenoliths originated from partial melting of primary mantle and the glass resulted from metasomatism between the xenoliths and mantle fluid derived from mantle degassing. Mantle metasomatism not only resulted in the enrichment of alkaline, large-ion elements, ore metals and volatiles but also created a favorable condition for the generation of alkaline magmas. The mantle xenoliths and their characteristics of mantle metasomatism provide important evidence for a better understanding of the petrogenesis and mineralization of the Cenozoic alkali-rich porphyry in western Yunnan.     

基于分形理论的板块形态重建

全球板块重建的精细化和区域化是当前研究的热点领域之一。值得注意的是,针对重建板块形态分布规律的研究,尚未充分展开。在大数据背景下,本文根据已有板块重建模型,对中生代以来的重建板块的形态,进行了分形维数分析,并结合斑岩型铜矿床的频数分布规律,讨论了分形维数和斑岩型矿床频数对板块重建整体性评估的意义。研究结果表明,自250 Ma以来的地质历史时期,全球重建板块形态的分形维数具有先下降后上升的特点,在65 Ma达到最小,可能代表了由Pangea超大陆向未来超大陆Amasia的转换。此外,全球斑岩型铜矿床的频数异常与板块重建形态的分形维数异常具有良好的对应关系,表明板块运动过程中产生的快速形变与斑岩型铜矿床形成之间具有密切的联系。该结果可能将为整体性评估重建板块形态的真实性提供一个全新的方法,特别是对约束古老板块的形态方面,具有一定的科学价值;同时,也能为斑岩型铜矿床的成因,提供对照参考的数据基础。     

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。     

Cu–Mo Differential Mineralization Mechanism of the Dabate Polymetallic Deposit in Western Tianshan,NW China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Oxygen Isotope Systematics

Classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits are mostly characterized by close temporal and spatial relationships between Cu and Mo mineralization. The northern Dabate Cu–Mo deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Cu–Mo polymetallic deposit in western Tianshan, northwest China. The Cu mineralization postdates the Mo mineralization and is located in shallower levels in the deposit, which is different from most classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. Detailed field investigations, together with microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and O‐isotope studies of fluid inclusions, were conducted to investigate the origin and evolution of ore‐forming fluids from the main Mo to main Cu stage of mineralization in the deposit. The results show that the ore‐forming fluids of the main Mo stage belonged to an NaCl + H₂O system of medium to high temperatures (280–310°C) and low salinities (2–4 wt% NaCl equivalent (eq.)), whereas that of the main Cu stage belonged to an F‐rich NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O system of medium to high temperatures (230–260°C) and medium to low salinities (4–10 wt% NaCl eq.). The δ¹⁸O values of the ore‐forming fluids decrease from 3.7–7.8‰ in the main Mo stage to ?7.5 to ?2.9‰ in the main Cu stage. These data indicate that the separation of Cu and Mo was closely related to a large‐scale vapor–brine separation of the early ore‐forming fluids, which produced the Mo‐bearing and Cu‐bearing fluids. Subsequently, the relatively reducing (CH₄‐rich) Mo‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids, dominantly of magmatic origin, caused mineralization in the rhyolite porphyry due to fluid boiling, whereas the relatively oxidizing (CO₂‐rich) Cu‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids mixed with meteoric water and precipitated chalcopyrite within the crushed zone at the contact between rhyolite porphyry and wall rock. We suggest that the separation of Cu and Mo in the deposit may be attributed to differences in the chemical properties of Cu and Mo, large‐scale vapor–brine separation of early ore‐forming fluids, and changes in oxygen fugacity.     

甘肃柳园地区早二叠世正长花岗斑岩脉锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征——对北山造山带晚古生代构造背景的指示

甘肃北山地区位于中亚造山带中段,是诠释中亚造山带构造演化的关键区域之一,长期以来受到地质学界的广泛关注。柳园地区位于甘肃北山南带,区内脉岩发育,这些岩脉的研究可以为阐释北山造山带晚古生代构造背景提供更多证据。基于此,本文选取位于甘肃柳园地区的正长花岗斑岩脉开展了系统的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素分析。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析显示,岩脉侵位于早二叠世（（288.5±1.4）Ma）。全岩地球化学分析显示,正长花岗斑岩脉的SiO₂和全碱质量分数较高,Fe、Mg、Ca、Al和P质量分数较低,Rb、Th、U和Pb相对富集,Ba、Nb、La、Ce、Sr和Ti等元素相对亏损,Eu负异常显著,具有较高的Rb/Sr值和较低的K/Rb值及锆石饱和温度（730~844℃,集中于740℃左右）,显示该岩脉为高钾钙碱性高分异I型花岗岩,并具有俯冲带岩浆活动的地球化学特征。正长花岗斑岩脉具有较低的Zr/Hf值（18.42~28.01,平均值为22.37）和Th/U值（3.82~7.99,平均值为5.34）,与平均地壳组分接近,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为2.94~9.66,平均值为5.72,T_DM2值为955~611 Ma,指示源区主体为新元古代地壳的部分熔融,并存在幔源物质加入。根据构造判别图解并结合前人关于二叠纪区域构造变形、盆地沉积物源、岩浆演化等方面的研究结果,笔者认为该正长花岗斑岩脉形成于俯冲作用过程中的局部伸展环境,并认为北山地区增生造山事件至少持续到早二叠世。