个旧锡矿高松矿田断裂构造多期活动特征研究

通过对高松矿田内主要断裂构造结构面、破碎带、旁侧派生伴生构造及其蚀变矿化等特征的系统深入观察研究，构造应力场分析，推断该矿田自中生代以来经历了印支期→燕山中晚期→喜山早期→晚近期的四期构造活动，其中燕山中晚期的构造活动为成矿构造；印支期活动为成矿前构造，其对成矿有一定的控制作用；后两期则为成矿后构造，其起到破坏矿体的作用。     

矿化信息提取定量遥感模型的建立——以鹰嘴山硅化蚀变为例

研究选择围岩蚀变复杂,种类丰富的甘肃鹰嘴山金矿,目的是建立该区硅化信息提取的定量遥感模型。通过对实测地物光谱数据、岩矿石化学组分分析、微量金分析结果等岩矿石多元数据的聚类分析、相关分析和因子分析,找到了提取硅化蚀变的最佳组合变量,并通过建立它们之间线性回归方程的方式,建立了该区硅化蚀变的定量遥感模型:S iO2=85.047TM5/TM7-4.348TM5/TM4 16.51TM5/TM3-41.866 R=0.703。以该模型为指导,对Landsat TM遥感影像数据进行增强处理,定量提取出了该区金矿化异常信息。经实际验证,其结果与实际情况吻合度好,可为与该区地质背景类似的阿尔金东段和北祁连西段早古生代海相火山岩地区的金矿普查与勘探提供参考依据。     

Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Low Sulfidation

Abstract. The Pantingan Gold System (PGS) is a vein-type epithermal prospect exposed within the summit caldera of Mount Mariveles, Bagac, Bataan (Luzon), Philippines. It consists of nine major veins, eight of which trend NW-WNW and distributed in an en echelon array. The eastern tips of these veins appear to terminate near the NE-NNE trending Vein 1, which is located in the easternmost portion of the prospect. Metal assay results on vein and wall rock samples indicate concentrations of 0.01 to 1.1 g/ton Au, trace to 34 g/ton Ag and 0.003 to 0.02 % Cu. Andesite lava flow deposits host the PGS. Potassium-Argon isotopic dating of these andesites yields anarrow age range of 0.88± 0.13 to 1.13 ± 0.17 Ma. The surface exposures of the veins (up to 5 m wide) are encountered at different levels between 590–740 masl. These commonly display a massive texture although banding prominently occurs in Vein 1. The veins consist of gray to cream-colored crystalline and chalcedonic quartz and amorphous silica. Pyrite is the most ubiquitous sulfide mineral. It occurs either as fine-grained disseminations and aggregates in quartz or as infillings in vugs. Calcite, marcasite and bornite are also occasionally noted in the deposit. The prospect shows silicic, argillic, propylitic and advanced argillic alteration zones. Silicic and argillic alterations are confined in the immediate wall rocks of the quartz veins. Argillic alteration grades to a propylitic zone farther away from the veins. The advanced argillic alteration zone, indicated by a suite of acidic clay minerals that include kaolin-ite, dickite, pyrophyllite and alunite, might have been imprinted during the late stages of gold deposition. As a whole, the PGS displays geological and mineralogical features typical of gold mineralization in a low sulfidation, epithermal environment. It is also representative of a young, tectonically undisturbed gold deposit.     

4: Transpressional tectonics, lower crust decoupling and intrusion of deep mafic sills: A model for the unusual metallogenesis of SW Iberia

SW Iberia is interpreted as an accretionary magmatic belt resulting from the collision between the South Portuguese Zone and the autochthonous Iberian terrane in Variscan times (350 to 330 Ma). In the South Portuguese Zone, pull-apart basins were filled with a thick sequence of siliciclastic sediments and bimodal volcanic rocks that host the giant massive sulphides of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Massive sulphides precipitated in highly efficient geochemical traps where metal-rich but sulphur-depleted fluids of dominant basinal derivation mixed with sulphide-rich modified seawater. Massive sulphides formed either in porous/reactive volcanic rocks by sub-seafloor replacement, or in dark shale by replacement of mud or by exhalation within confined basins with high biogenic activity. Crustal thinning and magma intrusion were responsible for thermal maturation and dehydration of sedimentary rocks, while magmatic fluids probably had a minor influence on the observed geochemical signatures.The Ossa Morena Zone was a coeval calc-alkaline magmatic arc. It was the site for unusual mineralization, particularly magmatic Ni–(Cu) and hydrothermal Fe-oxide–Cu–Au ores (IOCG). Most magmatism and mineralization took place at local extensional zones along first-order strike-slip faults and thrusts. The source of magmas and IOCG and Ni–(Cu) deposits probably lay in a large mafic–ultramafic layered complex intruded along a detachment at the boundary between the upper and lower crust. Here, juvenile melts extensively interacted with low-grade metamorphic rocks, inducing widespread anatexis, magma contamination and further exsolution of hydrothermal fluids. Hypersaline fluids (δ¹⁸O_fluid > 5.4‰ to 12‰) were focused upward into thrusts and faults, leading to early magnetite mineralization associated with a high-temperature (> 500 °C) albite–actinolite–salite alteration and subsequent copper–gold-bearing vein mineralization at somewhat lower temperatures. Assimilation of sediments by magmas led in turn to the formation of immiscible sulphide and silicate melts that accumulated in the footwall of the layered igneous complex. Further injection of both basic and sulphide-rich magmas into the upper crust led to the formation of Ni–(Cu)-rich breccia pipes.Younger (330 to 280 Ma?) peraluminous granitoids probably reflect the slow ascent of relatively dry and viscous magmas formed by contact anatexis. These granitoids have W–(Sn)- and Pb–Zn-related mineralization that also shows geochemical evidence of major mantle–crust interaction. Late epithermal Hg–(Cu–Sb) and Pb–Zn–(Ag) mineralization was driven by convective hydrothermal cells resulting from the high geothermal gradients that were set up in the zone by intrusion of the layered igneous complex. In all cases, most of the sulphur seems to have been derived from leaching of the host sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 7‰ to 20‰) with only limited mixing with sulphur of magmatic derivation.The metallogenic characteristics of the two terranes are quite different. In the Ossa Morena Zone, juvenile magmatism played a major role as the source of metals, and controlled the styles of mineralization. In the South Portuguese Zone, magmas only acted as heat sources but seem to have had no major influence as sources of metals and fluids, which are dominated by crustal signatures. Most of the magmatic and tectonic features related to the Variscan subduction and collision seem to be masked by those resulting from transpressional deformation and deep mafic intrusion, which led to the development of a metallogenic belt with little resemblance to other accretionary magmatic arcs.     

白城-通辽地区第三系地浸砂岩铀成矿后生氧化条件分析

通过对白城-通辽地区第三系后生氧化的空间形态、矿物组合、伴生元素分带及Fe^3＋/Fe^2＋比值等方面研究认为，泰康组主要发育潜水氧化，其中的铀矿化规模小、找矿意义不大；大安组主要发育层问氧化，所见铀矿化有层间氧化特点，具有形成大型地浸砂岩型铀矿床的前提，值得进一步加强找矿探索。     

云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤氮矿化季节变化

为了揭示哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮的季节动态特征,我们用封顶埋管法对徐家坝地区典型的中山湿性常绿阔叶林进行了研究。结果表明:1)土壤有效氮含量季节变化为22.96～68.20mgN·kg-1,其中氨态氮的含量(10.89～47.85mgN·kg-1)大于硝态氮含量(1.48～31.74mgN·kg-1),是有效氮的主体;2)一年的净有效氮矿化总量为310.32mgN·kg-1·hm-2(土壤层0～15cm),有效氮总量和NO3N干湿季节变化极显著,NH4N的干湿季节变化不显著,NH4N在湿季末(200409)最高,干季末(200404)最低,NO3N湿季初(200405)最高,湿季末(200310)最低;3)净矿化速率、净氨化速率、净硝化速率的干湿季节变化均不显著,原因在于土壤内部的干湿季节变化平缓,且这种变化滞后于大气的降雨量变化。     

红山含黄玉花岗岩的形成时代及其成矿能力分析

对闽西南红山含黄玉花岗岩进行了LAM-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年以及地球化学对比研究。地球化学分析显示红山花岗岩具有富F和高演化的地球化学特征,富含稀有和有色金属成矿元素,如Sn含量为(15·3~54·0)×10-6,W含量(3·04~14·9)×10-6,Nb含量为(22·5~36·7)×10-6,Ta含量为(3·37~7·31)×10-6,U、Th含量分别(6~30)×10-6和(12·1~36·4)×10-6。与含矿花岗岩的对比研究表明红山花岗岩很可能存在与之有成因联系的Sn、U矿床。地球化学填图显示了元素在空间上的分带变化,指出与红山花岗岩有关的成矿作用最可能发生在岩体的东南端,即116°8′E~116°10′E和25°29′N~25°32′N的区域。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明红山花岗岩形成于印支期(~226Ma),因此,其在形成时代、地质产状和成矿作用上不同于华南大多数形成于燕山晚期的含黄玉花岗质岩石。南岭基底变质岩富含W、Sn、Nb、Ta等成矿元素,它们是华南(特别是南岭地区)含矿花岗岩中成矿元素富集的最主要物质来源。     

大宁岩体的基本特征及其与成矿作用的关系

大宁岩体由二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及石英二长闪长岩组成,侵入时代为晚志留世(K—A r法407、445M a)。通过对岩体的微量元素、稀土元素及硫、铅、氧等同位素研究,认为银、金矿的成矿物质来自深源岩浆,大量的暗色包体是主要的成矿物质之一,在深大断裂的切割影响下,经多次构造活动,使得不同阶段的成矿物质富集并叠加而形成矿体。最利于A u、A g成矿的部位是花岗闪长岩与石英二长闪长岩的接触界线附近以及花岗闪长岩与围岩接触带附近的断裂交汇处。     

内蒙古东胜砂岩型铀矿床形成条件与成矿作用

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国煤、油、气、铀四大能源集一体的最大能源盆地之一,是统一在华北地台的太古宙、元古宙古老结晶岩系及古生代海、湖相台盆基础上,于中生代从华北地块分异出来并发育的中—新生代山前凹陷盆地。中—新生代盆地经历了台盆发育、断块活动及盆后活动阶段。本文分析了中—新生代盆地放射性铀成矿盆地地质及地球化学有利条件,铀的丰度(4.71×10-6～34.3×10-6)是上地壳平均丰度,甚至高出一个数量级。阐述了东胜铀矿容矿层的岩石学特征,成岩—后生—低温热液矿化蚀变特征。分析了与铀成矿作用密切相关、呈面型展布、分别产于矿体上、下盘的绿色化及漂白色蚀变形成与深盆气密切成因关系。矿床矿化蚀变作用具有:多期次多阶段成矿特点、矿化矿物组合复杂、矿化形式多样、成矿温度具低温热液特点(70～120℃)、绿色化及漂白色蚀变具面型分布,矿床属于沉积预富集—古层间氧化淋滤—后生二次还原与交代砂岩型铀矿床。     

河南前河金矿岩石矿物特征

前河金矿属构造蚀变岩型。容矿岩石为正长斑岩，矿体大小不等，控矿破碎带内的岩石曾经受到早期塑性变形和晚期脆性变形两个阶段。容矿岩石及矿体围岩曾受多次热液蚀变作用，可分为三个成矿期：岩浆热液期、表生期和沉积期。岩浆热液期为最主要的成矿期，由四个矿化阶段组成。一种富铁黄铜矿在金矿石中广泛存在，可作为金矿石的指示矿物。