胶东地区晚中生代伸展构造与金成矿:短周期密集台阵背景噪声成像的启示

晚中生代以来,华北克拉通东部经历了以岩石圈减薄作用为主要特征的大规模岩石圈破坏.在此背景下,位于华北克拉通东部的胶东地区形成了大规模的伸展构造、广泛发育的花岗岩类侵入体和巨量的金矿化.为揭示胶东地区控矿构造在上地壳层次的发育特征及其与金成矿之间的联系,本文基于跨胶东半岛的NWW-SEE向短周期密集地震台阵剖面,开展了背景噪声成像研究,获得了胶东地区8km以浅的上地壳S波速度结构,其主要特征为:(1)胶东地区沉积层较薄,基底平均深度为1～2km左右;(2)垂向速度梯度显示胶西北基底/浅层高速间断面错断特征显著,与主要拆离断层对应关系良好,且相对速度扰动显示沿主要拆离断层发育SE倾向的条带状低速异常;(3)牟乳成矿带下方S波速度具有横向分块特征,与五莲—烟台等控矿断裂的陡倾特征吻合,且东部苏鲁造山带上地壳平均速度较胶西北地区明显偏高.综合本文成像结果及已有地质、地球物理资料,我们认为胶西北成矿带的控矿构造深部以大规模拆离断层为主要特征,而东部牟乳成矿带则以高角度的脆性(走滑)断裂为主,故控矿断裂构造的差异可能是胶东成矿区域性差异的主要控制因素.     

川西南地区大地构造演化及其金矿大地构造成矿带

本文用板块构造理论全面分析和恢复了川西南地区大地构造演化,通过阐明大地构造对金矿成矿的专属性及金矿大地构造成矿带的概念,划分了本区的金矿大地构造成矿带.并对各成矿带大地构造控制及主要的成矿地质作用进行了描述,通过对比区内金矿床的实际产出情形和相应区带对金矿矿床类型的专属性,确定了区内不同环境中金矿找矿的方向.     

新疆博斯腾湖水盐平衡及水环境预测

本文通过综合整理、筛选、分析焉耆盆地1960-2003年历年逐月水文、气象、水土开发、社会经济等资料,并结合遥感影像数据,应用水盐平衡模型,模拟分析该期问博斯腾湖的水盐平衡状况,并以此为基础,结合焉耆盆地近期规划设置了两个情景方案进行模拟,对博湖未来40多年的水环境做出预测分析.结果表明。尽管近年博湖年均脱盐量达30.6×104t/a,但仍然必须使盆地进入湖区的淡水量增加、盐量减少才能降低博湖的水矿化度.盆地内近期工程项目实施后(情景B),博湖大湖区水矿化度波动于0.84-1.38g/L之间,其水矿化度有望调控到1.00g/L以下.据模拟,预测期的第37年(2040年),其水矿化度才可降至1.00g/L.孔雀河水质难于恢复到原状态,但是在保证博湖水环境改善的前提下,其水矿化度可调控到0.60g/L以下.由情景B的预测分析表明,焉耆盆地近期规划实施的工程项目对博湖的水环境是有利的,博湖水环境向良性循环发展.     

Changes in carbon and nutrient fluxes from headwaters to ocean in a mountainous temperate to subtropical basin

Water erosion provides major links in global cycles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Although significant research on erosion mechanisms has been done, there is still little knowledge on C, N and P fluxes across landscapes to the ocean and their controlling factors in subtropical climates. A four‐year study quantifying and comparing particulate and dissolved C, N and P from multiple scales (microplot, plot, microcatchment, subcatchment, catchment, sub‐basin and basin) was performed in Thukela basin (≈30 000 km²), South Africa. The basin climate was largely subtropical‐humid [mean annual precipitation (MAP) > 980 mm yr^‐1], but temperate (MAP >2000 mm yr^‐1) on the highlands. Open grassland, cropland and bushland were the major land uses. On average, 65, 24 and 4 g m^‐2 yr^‐1 C, N and P were displaced from original topsoil positions, but only 0.33, 0.005 and 0.002 mg m^‐2 yr^‐1 were, respectively, exported to the ocean. The fluxes decreased by 95, 97 and 84%, respectively, from plot to microcatchment outlet; and decreased further in downstream direction by >99% from microcatchment to basin outlet. The hillslope (microplot to microcatchment) fluxes correlated strongly with rainfall parameters. Particulate contributions dominated hillslope fluxes at 73, 81 and 76% of total annual C, N and P, respectively. Although particulate C dominated in the microcatchment‐catchment reach (55%), N (54%) and P (69%) were dominated by dissolved forms. The lower basin zone was dominated by dissolved flux contributions at 93, 81 and 78% for C, N and P for the sub‐basin outlet. These results suggested spatially varying drivers of C, N and P losses from the landscape to the ocean, via the river network. Deposition was envisaged the dominant hillslope level loss process, which gradually gave way to mineralization and biotic uptake in the river network as flux contributions shifted from being predominantly particulate to dissolved forms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试用主分量分析方法提取澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀变遥感信息

通过图像影像特征分析,并经地面调查证实,澜沧江兰坪地区铜矿化蚀变与围岩存在反射波谱特性差异,即在TM5(近红外)波段(1.55μm-1.75μm)蚀变岩呈高反射率。以此为依据,进行了提取与铜矿化蚀变相关的TM遥感信息的计算机图像处理技术方法研究。实践证明,该区主分量分析处理图像效果最佳。图像上显示的色调异常,通过与红土涧矿区地质勘查资料对比和根据兰坪地区图像上典型地物样区色调理论分析,评价了遥感异常的地质意义。由于图像预处理(几何校正、亮度拉伸、多元统计,最佳波段组合选择等)是针对澜沧江兰坪全区的特征进行的,故处理方法在全区内均有一定适用性。本文结合公式2、图4、表4、封二彩片5等实际材料较详细地介绍了有关提取铜矿化蚀变遥感色调异常信息的方法技术。     

Stratigraphy and structure of Devonian fluvial sediments,western Beara Peninsula,south-west Ireland

A stratigraphic and structural summary of 5 km of Upper Devonian strata of south-west Beara, part of the Munster Basin, south-west Cork is presented. Five formations are recognized on the basis of lithofacies geometries and associations. The lowest Caherkeen Formation comprises rapidly alternating sheet-like, plane-bedded, low-angle, cross-bedded sandstones and laminated, rippled or desiccated mudrocks. The incoming of thin lenticular sandstone packages, commonly with high-angle cross-bedding, distinguishes the overlying Eagle Hill Formation. The succeeding Reen Point Formation comprises thicker bedsets of plane-bedded, low-angle and high-angle cross-bedded sandstones, separated by thick, massive mudrocks. Intraformational breccias and calcareous nodular siltrocks are distinctive features. The Tholane Formation is characterized by thick massive red-green mudrocks and a general absence of coarser grained lithologies. This sequence was deposited in a terminal fluvial fan in a basin characterized by decreasing subsidence rates and gradient with time. The overlying Toe Head Formation represents the deposits of a fluvial coastal plain. It has siltrocks that are predominantly green, often with preserved fish and plant debris. There is a relative absence of high-angled cross-bedded sandstones and an abundance of flat-laminated and inclined parallel-laminated sandstones. The structure of the Beara Peninsula comprises a WSW plunging anticlinorium with a single cleavage formed during the Variscan orogeny. Evidence from locally transecting cleavages and from mapping indicates dextral transpression. Development of the three main fault trends was contemporaneous with the folding. The well-known copper mineralization of the Allihies area is associated with east-west fault trends, a pattern observed elsewhere in the western Munster Basin. Basement involvement during both basin development and deformation is likely, but is difficult to test.     

湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史及其成矿意义

为了确定湖南锡田矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史、蚀变特征及与钨锡成矿关系本文调查了矿田内燕山期断层野外宏观特征,对断层中充填石英脉进行了显微鉴定、阴极发光、含矿元素分析,结果显示:(1)断层以NE60°～70°平行分布于茶汉盆地南北两侧,均倾向茶汉盆地,断层的陡倾、棱角状角砾及梳状石英等指示了断层的张性性质;(2)断层经...     

构造脉动与成矿沉淀有序性的解释——兼论脉状金矿的成矿作用

绝大多数独立金矿床,特别是脉状金矿的矿石矿物组合及其成矿阶段都是十分相似的.这种相似性与成矿构造脉动性的统一需要给予合理的解释.本文认为最佳的解释是,成矿流体体系的分异及其分异出来的各个子体系有序的赋存层次决定了成矿阶段的有序性.因此,提出了金的液体矿源是通过运移→分异作用→成矿流体的汇聚过程,并构成了不同性状的含矿流体的子体系分层次赋存的成矿流体库.     

江西相山矿田西部牛头山铅锌矿化体硫化物地球化学特征及其地质意义

为探讨江西相山矿田西部牛头山铅锌矿化体的成矿流体性质及矿床成因,采用电子探针(EPMA)及电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)技术对不同矿化阶段的黄铁矿和闪锌矿进行了微量及稀土元素分析.结果显示,牛头山铅锌矿化体中黄铁矿的Nb/Ta＜1,Th/La＜1,指示该铅锌矿化溶液相对富Cl;黄铁矿与闪锌矿的Y/Ho、Zr/Hf和...     

安徽障公山地区大丘田金矿地质特征及成矿作用分析

大丘田金矿位于江南造山带北缘障公山地区,在收集、整理大量前人研究资料和勘查项目成果的基础上,通过野外地质矿产调查和钻探等地质工作方法,对矿床控矿因素和成矿机制进行了综合研究.结果表明:区内金矿主要赋存于木坑岩组碎裂石英脉中;金矿化受构造带构造控制,构造为成矿提供了热液活动条件和成矿空间;成矿流体主要为岩浆水与大气降水的...