An information-fusion method to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity for improving the accuracy of estimation

While spatial autocorrelation is used in spatial sampling survey to improve the precision of the feature’s estimate of a certain population at area units, spatial heterogeneity as the stratification frame in survey also often have a considerable effect upon the precision. Under the context of increasingly enriched spatiotemporal data, this paper suggests an information-fusion method to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity, which can be used as an informative stratification for improving the estimation accuracy. Data mining is major analysis components in our method: multivariate statistics, association analysis, decision tree and rough set are used in data filter, identification of contributing factors, and examination of relationship; classification and clustering are used to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity using the auxiliary variables relevant to the goal and thus to stratify the samples. These methods are illustrated and examined in the case study of the cultivable land survey in Shandong Province in China. Different from many stratification schemes which just uses the goal variable to stratify which is too simplified, information from multiple sources can be fused to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity, thus stratifying samples at geographical units as an informative polygon map, and thereby to increase the precision of estimates in sampling survey, as demonstrated in our case research.     

生态地球化学:从调查实践到应用理论的系统工程

生态地球化学是以多目标区域地球化学调查为基础,以生态地球化学评价、生态地球化学评估、生态地球化学预警和生态地球化学修复为主体的系统工程。文章系统地介绍了我国近年来生态地球化学研究成果,对长江流域河流生态系统、山西农田生态系统,北京城市生态系统,鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖等湖泊湿地生态系统的区域生态地球化学评价进展进行了归纳总结。文章从区域尺度上综述了土壤碳库,土壤元素基准值和土壤背景值,土壤污染等级划分等基础研究方面的进展。面向未来,指出了生态地球化学发展趋势,提出生态地球化学研究需要进一步延伸和发展的领域。     

三江源地区土壤侵蚀特点

三江源地区地域辽阔,土壤侵蚀复杂多样.近年来土壤侵蚀加剧,生态环境严重退化.以2000年土壤侵蚀调查的数据成果为基数.并与更新后的2005年数据成果比较,进行土壤侵蚀动态变化分析.对三江源地区不同类型土壤侵蚀区的土壤侵蚀现状做了较全面的分区评价.同时对作为典型区域的黄河源头区12个县的2000年1:10万Landsat 5 TIM假彩色合成影像,通过野外调查建它解译标志来分析该区植被覆盖状况,对该区典型区域的土壤侵蚀现状做了定量评价.根据评价结果,对三江源地区土壤侵蚀的发展趋势做了预测.     

The integrated risk assessment and zoning of meteorological disaster in Heilongjiang Province of China

This paper describes studies on the integrated risk assessment and zoning of meteorological disaster in Heilongjiang Province,in northeastern China,by using information-diffusion theory and cluster method with 35 years of summer temperature and precipitation data from 74 meteorological stations from 1971 through 2005.The information-diffusion theory has been used extensively in risk assessment,yet almost no one has done research about risk assessment by information-diffusion theory based on meteorological disaster standards.Some research results are as follows:the risk probability of low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is higher than that in the southern region;the risk probability of general low temperature and cold damage in the southwestern region is the highest;the risk probability of serious low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is the highest,followed by the central and southeast region;the high-risk region of arid disaster in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located in the southwestern,central,and southern parts of the province;the high-intensity arid disaster was located in the south-eastern region;the high-risk region of flood in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located from the southwest and then across the central part to the western part of Heilongjiang Province;the high-intensity flood disasters were located in almost every part of Heilongjiang Province.We can conclude from the integrated meteorological disaster risk zoning that the high-risk region of mete-orological disaster is primarily located in the southern and northern part of the province,the moderate-risk region is distributed in the central southern region and western region,the low-risk region is located in the eastern part,and the light-risk region is located in the central western part of Heilongjiang Province.     

Emergency Seismic Damage Assessment of the M_S8.0 Great Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Remote Sensing Imagery

The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen-sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper.     

Fast assessment of earthquake loss and its application to the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The paper introduces firstly the seismic loss assessment method based on macro-economic indicators and new vulnerability models determined by the data from the on-site damage and loss survey to earthquakes occurred in China during the last two decades.The fast assessment for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with MS8.0 is given based on an empirical intensity attenuation relationship.Compared with the assessment based on the practical seismic intensity map of the event according to the on-site investigation, the...     

Seismic fragility curves for greek bridges: methodology and case studies

This study focusses on the estimation of seismic fragility curves for all common bridge types found in modern greek motorways. At first a classification scheme is developed in order to classify the existing bridges into a sufficient number of classes. A total of 11 representative bridge classes resulted, based on the type of piers, deck, and pier-to-deck connection. Then an analytical methodology for deriving fragility curves is proposed and applied to the representative bridge models. This procedure is based on pushover analysis of the entire bridge and definition of damage states in terms of parameters of the bridge pushover curves. The procedure differentiates the way of defining damage according to the seismic energy dissipation mechanism in each bridge, i.e. bridges with yielding piers of the column type and bridges with bearings (with or without seismic links) and non-yielding piers of the wall type. The activation of the abutment-backfill system due to closure of the gap between the deck and the abutments is also taken into account. The derived fragility curves are subjected to a first calibration against empirical curves based on damage data from the US and Japan.     

珠江河口地区可持续发展评价研究

未来发展对珠江河口区的资源环境承载能力和生态服务功能提出了前所未有的要求,在此认识基础上,构建了基于资源承载力的可持续发展评价指标体系,并进行了河口区发展水平、可持续性水平、可持续发展能力及其可持续发展状态变化的定量分析,得出:① 珠江河口区总体已进入经济资源驱动阶段;② 在自然子系统、经济子系统、社会子系统中,社会子系统滞后;③ 可持续发展能力处于中等可持续发展水平。     

武汉汉阳湖区土地资源评价研究

在Arc/info地理信息系统支持下,以武汉汉阳湖区为例,选取自然生态指标、社会经济指标和区位指标,建立了土地资源评价体系,对汉阳湖区的土地资源质量进行了科学评价。评价中运用层次分析法确定评价因子的权重,同时利用Arc/info系统强大的空间分析和图形操作功能,将图形和属性数据统一管理,加强了评价的整体性和准确性。评价结果符合当地实际情况,评价指标的选取以及评价所采用的方法体系,为城市湖泊地区进行土地资源评价提供了参考。     

从概念到立法:中国战略环境评价的回顾与展望

总结了国内10年来SEA在理论研究、技术方法、实践、管理制度等方面的成果、经验、存在问题,最后指出SEA的发展趋势与建议,包括建立覆盖决策链所有环节、贯穿决策全过程的环境评价体系,基于强化规划环评与生态规划的联系提出构建相辅相成的规划与评价体系的建议,以及将SEA作为促进决策的民主化与科学化、全面落实可持续发展战略的重要手段等。