督察区域地类图斑自动套合方法

自然资源督察工作中,为确定目标区域是否存在土地利用违法行为,需要利用ArcGIS软件对目标区域和地类图斑数据进行空间计算、汇总统计等套合工作,为督察工作实施提供数据支撑。目前,人工套合存在制作成本高、工作量大、准确性低、数据命名存储格式不一致等问题。为此,本文基于Python实现了地类图斑自动套合的方法,该方法可以自动完成目标区域与地类图斑的空间计算、字段计算、Excel导出,以及生成数据透视表等工作,极大地减小了技术人员的工作量,有效缩短了督察工作的数据准备时间,对提高自然资源督察工作的效率具有实践意义。     

面向高年级本科生研究能力培养的资源环境遥感综合实验方案设计

近年来,随着研究生教育规模的逐年提升,高年级本科教育目标也随之发生一定变化,遥感专业教学中,有必要加强对学生研究能力的培养。本文以矿区资源环境遥感课程为例,以课程综合实验为切入点,结合课程特点提出了半开放式、可拓展的实验架构,探索了面向本科生研究能力培养需求的实验方案设计及教学实践工作,引导学生由被动接受向主动思考转变;由知识吸收向研究实践转变。向学生展示本专业科学研究的基本方法,为学生顺利进入社会工作岗位或转入更高学习阶段打好基础。     

多期构造变形事件对吉林南部大横路Cu- Co矿床富集成矿的制约

钴矿是重要的战略性金属矿产资源之一,对其成矿作用(如构造与成矿的关系)进行深入的研究能为前期指导找矿提供理论依据。本文对中国东部吉林白山市三道沟镇三岔河村大横路Cu-Co矿开展了相关工作,包括野外构造解析、钻孔-岩芯资料分析、钻孔薄片综合矿物分析系统(TIMA)实验和区域相关岩石年代学等。构造解析显示大横路Cu-Co矿围岩变形包括层片交切、S₁面理和褶劈理等构造要素。钻孔-岩芯资料分析矿区发育大量F₂紧闭褶皱、逆冲断层及断层相关褶皱、倒转褶皱F₂等。钻孔、探槽薄片样品TIMA实验显示含Co流体大量富集于低角度逆冲断裂、倒转褶皱韧性剪切域和断层相关褶皱转折端处。这些工作显示走向为NE的低角度逆冲断裂及断层相关褶皱对大横路Cu-Co矿的富集起到关键的控制作用。相关年代学工作,结合前人研究及大量区域地质资料表明:(1)矿区内逆冲断层及褶皱等控矿构造要素为古元古代构造事件的产物;(2)中生代构造事件对成矿作用的制约(Cu-Co矿的再富集)可能来自于白垩纪大规模的伸展作用。     

Critical conditions for natural gas charging and delineation of effective gas source rocks for tight sandstone reservoirs

Although it has been shown that the potential of tight‐sand gas resources is large, the research into the mechanisms of hydrocarbon charging of tight sandstone reservoirs has been relatively sparse. Researchers have found that there is a force balance during hydrocarbon charging, but discriminant models still have not been established. Based on the force balance conditions observed during gas migration from source rocks to tight sandstone reservoirs, a calculation formula was established. A formula for identifying effective source rocks was developed with the gas expulsion intensity as the discrimination parameter. The critical gas expulsion intensity under conditions of various burial depths, temperatures, and pressures can be obtained using the calculation formula. This method was applied in the Jurassic tight sandstone reservoirs of the eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, and it was calculated that the critical expulsion intensity range from 6.05 × 10⁸ m³/km² to 10.07 × 10⁸ m³/km². The critical gas charging force first increases with depth and later decreases with greater depths. The distribution range of effective gas source rocks and total expelled gas volume can be determined based on this threshold. This method provides new insight into and method for predicting favourable tight‐sand gas‐bearing regions and estimating their resource potentials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

洛阳地区太阳能资源分析与评估

根据1981—2010年郑州辐射站太阳辐射和日照资料、洛阳地区9个气象观测站日照资料,采用气候学计算、线性趋势分析等方法和资源丰富程度、利用价值、稳定程度等指标,对洛阳地区太阳能资源进行了计算、分析和评估。结果表明:洛阳地区多年平均总辐射为4842.4MJ·m-2·a-1,总体呈显著减少趋势,减少速率为每年1.4MJ·m-2。夏季辐射丰富,冬季偏少,夏季总辐射量是冬季的2倍;月平均总辐射5月最多(569.7MJ·m-2),12月最少(241.9MJ·m-2);年总辐射孟津最高,为4922.8MJ·m-2·a-1,宜阳最少,为4681.1MJ·m-2·a-1。多年平均日照时数为2064.7h,总体呈显著减少趋势。春季日照时数多,冬季少,春季日照时数比冬季多33.37%;月平均日照时数5月最多(217.3h),2月最少(138.2h);年日照时数孟津最多(2144.9h),宜阳最少(1909.2h)。洛阳各地属太阳能资源丰富区,利用价值较高,各月日照时数6h的天数为9.8~18.1天,全年为162.7~185.3天;太阳能资源也比较稳定,月最大日照时数12月6h的天数为16.9天,是月最小日照时数7月的1.48倍,12月至次年1月不利于太阳能利用。     

THE LIMITATION OF CLOUD-BASE MASS FLUX IN CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION AND ITS APPLICATION IN A HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL

A large area of unrealized precipitation is produced with the standard convective parameterization scheme in a high-resolution model, while subgrid-scale convection that cannot be explicitly resolved is omitted without convective parameterization. A modified version of the convection scheme with limited mass flux at cloud base is introduced into a south-China regional high-resolution model to alleviate these problems. A strong convection case and a weak convection case are selected to analyze the influence of limited cloud-base mass flux on precipitation forecast. The sensitivity of different limitation on mass flux at cloud base is also discussed. It is found that using instability energy closure for Simplified Arakawa- Schubert Scheme will produce better precipitation forecast than the primary closure based on quasi-equilibrium assumption. The influence of the convection scheme is dependent on the upper limit of mass flux at cloud base. The total rain amount is not so sensitive to the limitation of mass flux in the strong convection case as in the weak one. From the comparison of two different methods for limiting the cloud-base mass flux, it is found that shutting down the cumulus parameterization scheme completely when the cloud-base mass flux exceeds a given limitation is more suitable for the forecast of precipitation.     

鄂尔多斯盆地深部富铀烃源岩提供铀源可能性的实验研究

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组长7段石油优质烃源岩以富铀为特色,而盆地侏罗?白垩纪地层以赋存大量砂岩型铀矿而著称.为探索深部长7富铀烃源岩为浅部砂岩型铀矿形成提供铀源的可能性,选择盆地南部的富铀烃源岩、油样以及具有代表性的碳酸铀酰作为反应物,在中?高温高压还原条件下分别进行烃源岩生排烃?排铀模拟实验和油?铀关系模拟实验.结...     

环境磁学在城市环境污染监测中的应用和进展

环境磁学是一门介于地球科学、环境科学和磁学之间的边缘科学，已广泛应用于很多领域.本文在简述了环境磁学参数和不同环境中磁性矿物变迁和演化过程的基础上,介绍了环境磁学在城市环境污染的不同方面所取得的进展,探讨了环境磁学在土壤污染和大气等城市环境污染研究中的不足,提出了环境磁学在城市环境污染研究领域的发展趋势.     

Lidar Methods for Observing Mineral Dust

Lidar methods for observing mineral dust aerosols are reviewed.These methods include Mie scattering lidars,polarization lidars,Raman scattering lidars,high-spectral-resolution lidars,and fluorescence lidars.Some of the lidar systems developed by the authors and the results of the observations and applications are introduced.The largest advantage of the lidar methods is that they can observe vertical distribution of aerosols continuously with high temporal and spatial resolutions.Networks of ground-based lidars provide useful data for understanding the distribution and movement of mineral dust and other aerosols.The lidar network data are actually used for validation and assimilation of dust transport models,which can evaluate emission,transport,and deposition of mineral dust.The lidar methods are also useful for measuring the optical characteristics of aerosols that are essential to assess the radiative effects of aerosols.Evolution of the lidar data analysis methods for aerosol characterization is also reviewed.Observations from space and ground-based networks are two important approaches with the lidar methods in the studies of the effects of mineral dust and other aerosols on climate and the environment.Directions of the researches with lidar methods in the near future are discussed.     

Growth of red gurnard (Teleostei: Triglidae) from Pegasus bay,Canterbury, New Zealand

Growth of the red gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu (Lesson and Garnot), from Pegasus Bay, Canterbury, was measured during 1966–67. Otoliths were used as an indicator of fish growth; mean length‐at‐age data were obtained from back‐calculated fish lengths at the time of formation of successive annual rings in the otoliths. Growth in length was found to be adequately expressed by the von Bertalanffy growth equation :

l_t = 52.0 [1 ‐ e‐^{0.406 (t‐o.291)}]

(where l_t is the fork length in cm at age t). The length: weight relationship was:

w = 78.56 × 10^‐4 l ^3.072

(where w is the weight in grams). From this relationship, growth in weight was described by the equation:

w_t = 1469 [1 ‐ e‐0.406 (t‐0.291)]³.