矿物成因族的演化及其地质找矿信息

基于对胶东、晋北寒武纪变质岩系、超基性岩、基性岩、花岗岩类、火山岩类、硅铁建造铁矿、金矿蚀变带内 1 1个不同地质产状的 34个角闪石、 2 51个绿泥石、 60个黑云母单矿物的提纯 ,矿物的共生组合、物理性质、化学成分、X光衍射分析、热分析、红外吸收光谱分析、双矿物地质温度计、矿物压力计的测定 ,提出了角闪石、绿泥石、黑云母矿物成因族的地壳物质演化、成岩成矿作用、变质岩原岩恢复、地层对比、变质相、蚀变带的演化规律和地质找矿信息。     

Crack-filling clays and weathered cracks in the DPRI 1800 m core near the Nojima Fault, Japan: Evidence for deep surface-water circulation near an active fault

Abstract Crack-filling clays and weathered cracks were observed in the Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (DPRI) 1800 m cores drilled from the Nojima Fault Zone, which was activated during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake (Kobe earthquake). The crack-filling clays consist mainly of unconsolidated fine-grained materials that fill opening cracks with no shear textures. Most of the cracks observed in the DPRI 1800 m cores are yellow-brown to brown in color due to weathering. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses show that the crack-filling clays are composed mainly of clay minerals and carbonates such as siderite and calcite. Given that the top of the borehole is approximately 45 m above sea level, most of the core is far below the stable groundwater table. Hence, it is suggested that the crack-filling clays and weathered cracks in the cores taken at depths of 1800 m were formed by the flow of surface water down to the deep fractured zone of the Nojima Fault Zone during seismic faulting.     

Storm deposits and storm-generated coarse carbonate breccias on a pelagic outer shelf (South-East Basin, France)

Uppermost Jurassic limestones of the South‐East Basin (France) are organized into four facies associations that were deposited in four distinct zones: (1) peritidal lagoonal limestones; (2) bioclastic and reefal limestones; (3) pelagic lime mudstones; (4) lime mudstones/calcarenites/coarse breccias. Calcarenite deposits of zone 4 exhibit sedimentary structures that are diagnostic of deposition under wave‐induced combined flow. In subzone 4a, both vertical and lateral transitions from lime mudstone/calcarenite to breccia indicate in situ brecciation under wave‐cyclic loading. Breccias were produced by heterogeneous liquefaction of material previously deposited on the sea floor. Deposits in subzone 4a record relatively long periods (>400 kyr) of sedimentation below wave base, alternating with periods of deposition under wave‐induced currents and periods of in situ deformation. In this zone, storm waves were attenuated by wave–sediment interaction, and wave energy was absorbed by the deformation of soft sediment. With reference to present‐day wave attenuation, water depths in this zone ranged between 50 and 80 m. Landwards of the attenuation zone, in zone 3, storm waves were reduced to fair‐weather wave heights. Storm wave base was not horizontal and became shallower landwards. As a consequence, water depth and wave energy were not linearly related. On a small area of the seaward edge of subzone 4a, cobbles were removed by traction currents and redeposited in subzone 4b. There, they formed a 100‐m‐thick wedge, which prograded over 3 km and was built up by the stacking of 5‐ to 20‐m‐thick cross‐stratified sets of coarse breccia. This wedge records the transport and redeposition of cobbles by a high‐velocity unidirectional component of a combined flow. The increase in flow velocity in a restricted area is proposed to result from flow concentration in a channel‐like structure of the downwelling in the gulf formed by the basin. In more distal subzone 4c, the hydrodynamic effect of wave‐induced currents was quasi‐permanent, and brecciation by wave–sediment interaction occurred only episodically. This indicates that, seawards of the attenuation zone, hydrodynamic storm wave base was deeper than mechanical storm wave base. Uppermost Jurassic carbonates were deposited and soft‐sediment deformed on a hurricane‐dominated ramp of very gentle slope and characterized by a zone of storm wave degeneration, located seawards of a zone of sedimentation below wave base.     

喜马拉雅构造-成矿域及其成矿效应初步分析

通过近年来的研究 ,提出了全新的喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域概念。从大喜马拉雅构造域及其成矿效应出发 ,通过构造域对矿集区的控制作用、成矿时代、成矿物质来源、深部过程与成矿效应的分析 ,从而较全面地评价了青藏高原及邻区的资源潜力和需要进一步工作的重要成矿带或矿集区。通过分析认为喜马拉雅构造 -成矿域内强烈的壳幔物质交换 ,下地壳翻天覆地的物质和流体交换 ,导致了在同一构造地质单元内可以有一个或多个超大型矿床的存在。并对多个重要矿床类型提出了更切合实际的观点 ,如西藏甲马铜钼银铅锌金多金属矿床属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型 ,云南羊拉铜钼金多金属矿床也属于矽卡岩 -斑岩复合型矿床等。在喜马拉雅构造域内形成的燕山晚期或喜马拉雅期矿床大多和大陆地壳深部复杂的动力学过程有关 ,所形成的矿床矿物组合及成矿元素组合复杂 ,特别是矿石中钴、银元素含量较高 ,许多矿床中银、钴已经作为主要成矿元素。最后明确提出了青藏高原主体及东缘重要矿集区的资源潜力     

注浆法在填土地基加固处理中的应用实例

泸溪县武溪110kv变电站场地地基为人工开挖山坡堆填而成，填土厚薄不均，由块石、碎石及粉土构成。变电站建成后，建筑物及地面发生不均匀沉降，建设方要求进行加固处理，经过反复对比和投资验算，确定采用充填、渗透注浆法对填土地基注入浓水泥浆进行加固处理。施工前，先要进行注浆试验，选择合理的注浆方式和技术参数。注浆加固后，通过一年多的观察，建筑物及地面不均匀沉隆均得到控制，达到了提高地基承载力，稳定建筑的目的。     

国内外泥浆材料的现状及发展趋势

系统介绍了泥浆材料的现状及发展趋势，重点叙述了水基泥浆、油基泥浆及合成基泥浆这3大类泥浆材料的现状及发展趋势。     

Application of short-wave infrared spectroscopy to define alteration zones associated with the Elura zinc–lead–silver deposit, NSW, Australia

Short-wave infrared reflectance spectra obtained from a Portable Infrared Mineral Analyser (PIMA) have been used to define alteration zones adjacent to base metal sulfide ore bodies at the Elura Mine, Cobar, Australia. The spectroscopic work identified white mica (sericite), chlorite and carbonates of hydrothermal origin in the alteration zones associated with the ore bodies. Weathering, alteration and ore zones can be discriminated by variations in the intensity and wavelength of relevant absorption features. Hydrothermal alteration is classified into four principal types, namely sericitic, silicic, chloritic and carbonate alteration. The first three types comprise overprinting hydrothermal assemblages of quartz, sericite, chlorite, ankerite, siderite, calcite and sulfides developed in strongly altered metasiltstone and slate of Early Devonian age, adjacent to the zinc–lead–silver mineralisation. An extensive zone of carbonate alteration, manifested as porphyroblasts of siderite in the host metasediments, is recognised beyond the zones of strong alteration. Spectral analysis is consistent with the mineralogical data obtained from XRD and XRF analyses and defines the limits of the alteration zones to distances of about 80 m around the ore bodies. The study demonstrates the potential for spectral analysis to assist with drill hole logging and the identification of alteration zones as part of mineral exploration and development programs.     

青藏高原北缘火山岩中辉石岩包体研究

青藏高原北缘可可西里鲸鱼湖、雄鹰台、双泉子火山岩中含有辉石岩包体 ,其主要矿物组成为单斜辉石和斜方辉石。辉石的化学成分与国内外幔源包体 -橄榄岩和辉石岩中的类似 ,与麻粒岩中的明显不同 ;辉石温压计计算结果表明 ,辉石形成的温度为 110 1～ 140 0℃ ,压力为 30× 10 8～ 6 0× 10 8Pa,结合岩浆动力学计算结果 ,推测岩浆的来源深度大于 15 0km ,这与地球物理研究得出本区地下深处存在低速层的结果相吻合。     

重力学反问题中零外部位密度的研究

对重力学反问题研究中零外部位密度的数学性质及物理意义进行了系统研究和分析．首先从基本定义及条件的描述入手，推演出其数学表示和限制，由此揭示重力学反问题的非适定性形态，进而论及其与非零外部位密度之间的数学关系．由此证明对应于给定外部位的场源函数可以分解成零外部位密度与调和密度的直和．通过对其物理意义的讨论，为地球物理反演非零外部位场源及物理大地测量学构制等效场源提供理论依据．     

评估地震人员伤亡的软件系统

设计了地震人员伤亡评估系统软件包，并利用该系统对北京地区假定地震发生后的人员伤亡进行了预测。为设计该系统，建立了北京地区的人口数据库、唐山和邢台地震人员伤亡数据库，对一天中人在不同时间段逗留在房屋内部的概率进行了讨论，从而建立了地震人员伤亡评估的数学模型。该系统作为地震灾害评估系统的子系统，主要用于地震人员伤亡的快速评估