利用废弃地下空间建设战略原油储备库的构想

当前各国原油储库主要分为地面储库、地下盐穴储库和地下水封洞窟3种类型.根据我国实际情况分析,这3种类型储库均难以在我国推广.通过分析中国东北地区现有废弃矿山情况,结合地下原油储库的工程技术条件,提出了利用废弃矿山改造地下空间,用以建设战略原油储库的构想.建议尽快开展东北地区废弃矿山地下空间综合调查工作,启动相关地下油气储库封闭实验等测试研究工作.     

甘肃“马衔山玉”的宝石学特征研究

“马衔山玉”是近几年甘肃玉石市场上时常出现的一种玉石品种,由于数量少且价格昂贵。采用常规宝石学仪器测试、偏光显微镜薄片观察、红外光谱仪等测试方法进行测试,结果表明,“马衔山玉”的主要组成矿物为透闪石,次要矿物主要为透辉石。马衔山软玉颜色多为青绿、黄绿色且籽料常见灰白色伴有“水草花”杂质的石皮。马衔山软玉透闪石颗粒细小,主要呈纤维交织结构,质地较新疆软玉稍差,油润度较青海、俄罗斯软玉强。     

中国钾盐矿产基地成矿规律与深部探测技术示范

本项研究得到国家“十三五”重点研发计划支持,系“深地资源勘探开采专项”2017年启动的重点项目之一,由中国地质调查局中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所牵头,来自自然资源部、中国科学院、教育部、大型石油国企等10家骨干单位以及多家协作单位参加,联合开展协同创新研究,充分体现“产研学用”密切融合。本项研究聚焦“特提斯东段中生代(三叠纪、侏罗纪)海相成钾作用与后期改造、青藏高原北部柴达木盆地深层富钾卤水迁移-分异-汇聚成矿机制”的关键科学问题和“深部含钾盐系‘双复杂’高精度地震成像技术、深部钾盐矿层(富钾卤水层)测井识别与地震预测技术”的关键技术问题,以柴达木西部和川东北两个重点成钾区为资源基地落脚点,兼顾其他含钾盆地研究,建立三维地质模型和成矿模型,完善海、陆相成钾理论,形成3 000 m以浅钾盐勘探成套技术能力,综合评价深部钾盐资源潜力,实施异常验证钻探,新发现1个大型钾盐资源基地,值得综合评价的有利成钾远景区3~4处,实现深部钾盐找矿突破和增储示范。值得强调的是,只有立足国内,突破海相,在中西部大中型叠合盆地古代海相蒸发岩地层中找到大规模海相可溶性固体钾盐矿床,方能从根本上扭转中国钾盐资源严重短缺的被动局面。令人欣慰的是,通过近10年的艰苦努力,我国海相钾盐取得了一系列成矿理论新认识和钾盐找矿新发现:创新提出了滇西南“二层楼”成钾模式,指出侏罗纪海相找钾新方向;在川东北宣汉普光地区发现三叠系海相可溶性“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”,开拓了四川盆地海相找钾新领域和新方向;在新疆库车地区发现埋深超5 000 m的钾石盐矿层,取得了库车坳陷海相找钾的实质性进展;创新提出“W型复底锅”成钾模式,在陕北奥陶纪海相盐盆发现厚层钾石盐矿化段,取得古陆表海型钾盐找矿重要新进展。至此,中国海相钾盐找矿崭露了突破的曙光。如何在这些新发现的基础上,进一步加大投入、深入研究,取得海相可溶性钾盐找矿的实质性突破,落实建成若干大型以上海相钾盐资源基地,将是“十四五”及以后时期中国钾盐的主攻方向。     

物探技术在布敦乌拉隐伏矿产勘查中的应用效果

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗布敦乌拉矿区多为第四系覆盖。在该矿区多金属勘查中,依据土壤地球化学圈定的矿化异常布置激电中梯测量,圈定1处激发极化率异常区,长度约890m,宽度约520m,位于已知断层F 1与推断断层F 2之间。采用可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面对该激电异常进行探测,解释视充电率多峰异常与反演电阻率高低跳跃对应区域为矿致异常区。通过钻探验证,发现银多金属矿床资源储量523.93万t,取得了良好的地质找矿效果。     

煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展的思考与探讨

煤炭地质勘查工作关系国家能源安全,在国民经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。伴随煤炭行业绿色转型和新能源革命新形势,及时调整产业结构,向大地质、大资源、大生态方向拓展服务领域,为国家生态文明建设和煤炭产业绿色安全高效发展提供坚实的地质技术保障,成为煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展必然趋势和未来发展方向。结合煤田地质勘查工作发展历程及现状、发展趋势,对煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展方向进行深入剖析和探讨。     

Groundwater characteristics and climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert in the southwest Mongolian Plateau

The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km². It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×10⁸ m³/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Who governs here? Informal resource extraction,state enforcement,and conflict in Ghana

Over the past two decades, “illegal” natural resource extraction has become a significant driver of environmental change and social conflict across the Global South. In response, numerous Sub-Saharan African states have engaged in governance reforms that heed calls to securitize – or, establish and consolidate state control over – natural resources. In Ghana, securitization has served to entrench the informal economy as domestic producers, marginalized in the process of reform, continue to utilize non-state institutions to maintain access. While the Ghanaian state has branded “illegal” resource extraction a major environmental, social, and national security concern, it has responded to this threat unevenly; it has violently enforced its authority in some contexts but remained relatively indifferent in others. This article explores the phenomenon of selective enforcement to explain patterns of violence that have emerged between state and society in response to both securitization and informality. Drawing on a multimethod approach, I find that natural resource governance authority remains fragmented across resource contexts, and that the configuration of authority and interests on the ground shapes the extent of state intervention. I propose a natural resource typology that identifies when the state is most likely to enforce its authority, and the degree of violent conflict likely to result. Ultimately, I contend that domestic patterns of enforcement are shaped primarily by: 1) competition with local power holders over resource entitlements and 2) global conservation and extraction priorities. While specific to Ghana, this argument can provide important insights into the relationship between informal extraction, state enforcement, and social conflict in other Global South contexts.     

Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.     

浅论赣北九瑞铜金矿集区的资源潜力

九瑞矿集区是长江中下游铜金成矿带的重要组成部分.数十年来,几代地质和矿山工作者为探明其矿产资源,作出了不懈的努力,取得了巨大成果.但近年来,随着勘探难度的加大,该区矿床勘查和研究处于"半停滞"状态.文章运用前人的科研资料,结合近期的工作成果,用"铜金矿集区"的概念和观点,阐述了矿集区的特征,总结了其控矿因素和成矿规律,分析了九瑞铜金矿集区的成矿系统和资源潜力.     

基于灰色关联分析预测法的腾冲硅藻土矿床资源评价

在矿产资源评价中,可以利用灰色理论的特点,来对目前只有少量信息的预测区进行评价和排序,确定预测靶区,指导找矿工作.应用该方法对云南西部腾冲地区的界头、团田、蛮朵、瑞滇、左所营5个工作区硅藻土资源进行排序,确定了腾冲硅藻土矿床开发下一步的工作方向,明确了矿床灰色关联分析预测法在矿产资源评价中有着重要的应用价值和独特的应用效果.