扬子地台西南缘传统型铂族矿产地质特征

传统型铂族矿产，系指与镁铁质岩浆成矿作用有关的铂族矿产资源。华力西运动时期，扬子地台西南缘沿超壳深断裂带发生的大陆裂谷作用，为来自上地幔的镁铁质(拉斑玄武岩质)岩浆的上涌和侵位提供了极为有利的前提条件。含铂基性超基性岩的时空分布，受到大陆裂谷作用的主要发生发展时期和裂谷活动带的控制。通过对典型矿床特征及其成矿作用的探讨，论述了扬子地台西南缘主要的铂族矿床类型；并从四维成矿的角度，阐述了对区域成矿规律的一些基本认识。     

Wildlife management and land reform in southeastern Zimbabwe: a compatible pairing or a contradiction in terms?

This paper examines the melding of two discourses in southeastern Zimbabwe: land reform and wildlife management. The former seeks to redistribute large, ‘under-utilized’ landholdings to smallholders whilst the latter needs extensive land holdings to be viable. These two discourses are rooted in very different models of development. The land reform exercise emphasizes direct redistribution, equity and land for crops; whilst the wildlife management discourse tends to stress maximizing foreign exchange earnings, encouraging public-private partnerships and trickle down. Yet there has been a recent flurry of interest in the development of ‘wildlife models’ for land reform which would combine the two. This paper investigates whether the competing discourses about land for smallholders and wildlife-based land reform are compatible or can be successfully reconciled. It traces the ways they have come together in Zimbabwe’s southeast lowveld and examines the ‘science’ and politics underlying their melding. Finally it explores the potential implications for rural people’s livelihoods of this development. It concludes that land reform and wildlife management can be reconciled, but probably not in a particularly equitable way: it is more likely to provide an opening for an equitable land reform agenda to be usurped by local and non-local elites with wildlife interests.     

The environmental planning and management approach towards the development and management of the Osun natural spring project,Ibadan, Nigeria

There is a general shortage of potable water in Nigeria, partly through the lack of natural provision and partly because of rapid urban growth that has largely been unplanned. The paper describes the recent redevelopment of a public water facility in a run-down area of Ibadan which is part of the Sustainable Ibadan Project. Despite funding from national and international bodies, the development is strongly based at community level. The local inhabitants feel they have control over their own water supply through their representatives on the various planning and managing committees. This aims to reduce vandalism and to increase pride and involvement in the community. The project is a pilot for other projects around Ibadan, some of which have begun and others are being planned. This paper describes the administrative structures and management principles that have been employed. It forcefully advocates community-based planning and management which respects both the environment and the water-users, and involves a major “bottom-up” element. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A method for calculating effective bulk composition modification due to crystal fractionation in garnet-bearing schist: implications for isopleth thermobarometry

Quantitative P–T path determination in metamorphic rocks is commonly based on the variation in composition of growth‐zoned garnet. However, some component of growth zoning in garnet is necessarily the result of an effective bulk composition change within the rock that has been generated by crystal fractionation of components into the core of garnet. Therefore, any quantitative calculation of the P–T regime of garnet growth should be completed using an accurate assessment of the composition of the chemical system from which garnet is growing. Consequently, a method for calculating the extent of crystal fractionation that provides a means of estimating the composition of the unfractionated rock at any stage during garnet growth is developed. The method presented here applies a Rayleigh fractionation model based on measured Mn content of garnet to generate composition v. modal proportion curves for garnet, and uses those curves to estimate the vectors of crystal fractionation. The technique is tested by calculating the precision of the equilibrium between three garnet compositional variables within the chemical system determined to be appropriate for each of a series of microprobe analyses from garnet. Application of the fractionation calculations in conjunction with the P–T estimates based on intersecting compositional isopleths provides a means of calculating P–T conditions of garnet growth that is based on individual point‐analyses on a garnet grain. Such spatially precise and easily obtainable P–T data allow for detailed parallel studies of the microstructural, the P–T, and the chemical evolution of metamorphosed pelites. This method provides a means of studying the dynamics of orogenic systems at a resolution that was previously unattainable.     

“Three-Component” Digital Prospecting Method：A New Approach for Mineral Resources Quantitative Prediction and Assessment

“Three-component” method consists of three clase-connected aspects: geological anomaly,diversity of mineralization and mineral deposit spectrum. All these three concepts are not new separately, but it is a new approach to combine these three aspects in one single concept for quantitative mineral resources prediction and assessment and it is also the first time to conduct a more detailed study in each aspect. Investigation and clarification of geological anomalies, diversity of mineralization and spectrum of mineral deposits are realized by digitization and quantification of ore forming controlling factors, oreexisting symbols or marks, characteristics of mineralization and regulation of ore-genesis and laws of distribution. These procedures lead to construction of a “digital model“ for mineral resources prediction andassessment.     

声波钻进技术的发展及其应用

声波钻进是在各种覆盖层中采集连续岩心样品的有效手段。叙述了声波钻进技术的发展情况、工作原理、设备操作、优越性和用途，并且对我国研发此项技术提出了建议。     

卤水资源开发利用技术述评(续完)

总结并讨论了国内外从卤水中提取钾、镁、锂、硼、溴等资源的分离提取技术,并对其技术的应用范围、优缺点及技术发展趋势进行了述评。     

沙漠增温效应特征及绿洲农业热量资源分异规律的研究

为了进一步认识绿洲高效农业特殊的热量资源，通过研究沙漠增温效应特征表明：沙漠增温效应强弱随距离沙漠远近而不同，100km范围内沙漠对绿洲的平均增温为1．76℃；另外增温效应导致绿洲日、年温差大、干热风及冷害等气候特征；由于沙漠的面积、地貌特点等的差异，使增温效应产生原因及作用程度不尽相同，表现出绿洲农业资源分异规律，并将西北干旱区绿洲分为5个类型区。     

Statewide Estimates of Undiscovered Deposits of Gold,Silver, Copper,Lead, and Zinc

Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits on a statewide basis offer a different perspective on the nation's undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc. Mean estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits statewide were extracted from the estimates of undiscovered deposits nationwide. More than 50 undiscovered deposits are estimated to occur in Alaska, Arizona, Nevada, and Wisconsin. Estimating the number of undiscovered deposits statewide serves as a measure of a state's total remaining mineral resources in known conventional deposit types.     

RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EL HATILLO, NICARAGUA: GENDER, NEOLIBERALISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

El Hatillo is a rural community in the Sébaco valley in Nicaragua, which suffers from an eroding resource base, high levels of poverty and malnutrition, and a high susceptibility to hazards. Structural adjustment policies have been devastating for small and subsistence farmers and have increased the level of economic, social and environmental marginalisation in rural Nicaragua. This paper explores initiatives to promote sustainable development in Nicaragua in the context of structural adjustment and environmental degradation. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in El Hatillo, it outlines the ways in which women in this community are attempting to address the multiple challenges of rural poverty and environmental risk and considers the potential of these strategies for gender equality.