Toward an expert system for identification of minerals in thin section

Minerals may be identified by optical inspection and x-ray diffraction analysis. Full and correct identification, however, requires experience and extensive knowledge of mineral characteristics and association. Computer systems designed to approach levels of human expertise in similarly complex identification tasks have become increasingly effective with the application and refinement of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. These knowledge-based systemsuse the skills, knowledge, and rules of thumb that distinguish the expert from the knowledgeable layman to emulate human expertise. They also may be modified to serve a tutorial role whereby a nonexpert's approach to the task may be compared with that of the expert (system), and criticized accordingly. Such a knowledge-based system capable of identifying minerals from their optical characteristics is being developed at the University of Reading.     

Composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetic minerals in layer S<Subscript>5-1</Subscript> of Xifeng and Duanjiapo sections

Relatively strongly magnetic fine components (< 30μm, XS-4J and DS-4J) which are most environmentally sensitive were separated from layer S_5-1 in the Xifeng and Duanjiapo loess sections and analyzed by MPV-3 for their morphometric characteristics and reflectance, SEM-ESD for their element contents and XRD for their mineral phases, respectively. The results showed that minerals in both samples are dominated by detrial Fe-Ti oxides of aeolian origin. In sample XS-4J the reflectance and iron contents of magnetic minerals are usually high. In addition to magnetite (Fe₃O₄), maghemite (γFe₂O₃) and hematite (Fe₂O₃), some Fe-high oxide (72.25 wt%–86.67 wt%), ilmenite (FeTiO₃), and magnetite-ulvöspinel [Fe(FeCr)O₄, Fe (FeNi)O₄] were also detected. In sample DS-4J obvious negative linear correlations were found between Ti and Fe, and the contents of Mn, Si, Al and Ca are usually high and the minerals are dominated by magnetite (maghemite), goethite (FeOOH) and limonite (containing Si and OH). In addition, the signs of corrosion of magnetic minerals and newly crystallized magnetite (maghemite) were recognized. Differences in the composition and assemblage characteristics of magnetite minerals between XS and DS reflect significant differences in source rocks and preserving conditions.     

"数字空间"与"深空测绘"及其支撑技术

在对未来空间对抗的需求和测绘保障范围的拓展进行分析的基础上,提出了“数字空间”的构想和实施空间测绘（深空测绘）的发展思路;提出了“数字空间”的内涵和建立“数字空间”的技术与服务体系。“数字空间”建设应作为天空地一体数字化战场的核心内容,并为空间环境的认知与利用、控制空间以及空间目标的探测、识别、分类等技术手段提供全面的信息支撑。     

小型数码航空摄影测量应用初探

数码航空摄影仪已成为摄影测量界当前关注和研究的重点。论文介绍了小型数码航空摄影测量的一般理论、作业流程与应用研究,着重介绍了利用超轻型飞机平台实施的低空数码航空摄影测量试验,并进行了可行性比较与结论性分析。最后阐明实施小型数码航空摄影测量的可行性与应用价值。     

浅析地质勘查单位网站建设

阐述了如何建设地勘单位网站,并对网站做了整体规划,在网站的功能设计与结构设计及其具体技术实现上进行了细致的描述。     

基于GIS的测量标志普查信息管理系统

叙述了在VB和MapObjects组件环境下,建立测量标志信息普查管理系统。详细介绍了系统数据的处理和利用MapObjects组件开发系统过程,以及系统的主要功能。利用该系统可以全面了解和掌握某范围内测量标志的现状和完好程度,为测量标志的维护和管理提供依据。该系统提供方便、快捷的影像浏览、查询等功能,为测绘主管部门和测绘单位管理和使用这些控制点提供方便。     

基于GPRS的实时差分系统及其在土地变更调查中的应用研究

以徐州市“数字国土”土地变更调查项目为例,介绍了利用高精度定位的GPS和便于携带、功能强大的PDA,将二者集成用于土地变更调查。文中探讨了基于GPRS公网的实时差分系统的建设及其在土地变更调查中的应用。     

采用经典大地测量技术确定珠峰大地高(2005)的研究

以往对常规测量数据进行处理时,常采用平面与高程分别平差得出珠峰峰顶(山头或觇标)相应于某椭球的平面位置(经纬度)与大地高。提出采用平面与高程进行联合处理的方法,并就这两种方法采用的模型、数据处理方法及最终结果(主要是大地高)进行讨论与分析,并与GPS的结果进行比较,分析其差异。     

RTK技术在烟台地籍测量工程中的应用

RTK技术的发展日臻成熟,在测量工程的很多方面已经得以应用。结合具体生产实践,介绍了RTK技术的基本原理和在地籍图根控制测量以及界址点测量中的应用,总结了在实际作业中应注意的问题。     

21世纪的地形测绘

本文展望21世纪地形测量学科的发展。由于遥感技术的进步,全球定位系统和惯性测量系统技术的重大突破,地形测量进入了航空摄影地形测量和卫星摄影地形测量的新的发展阶段。先进的地形测绘技术体系正在发展和建立,从地图测绘到影像测绘,多时相、多光波段和电磁波段、多角度遥感影像的获取和使用,使得可视化技术在地形制图、环境制图和相关的空间制图中,得到迅速和广泛的发展和应用。21世纪的地形测绘为人类社会提供服务和经济的可持续发展必将作出贡献。