大数据视角下的地矿工作发展与变革研究

本文提出了地矿大数据应用需要考虑地球系统和社会系统两个方面的内部规律,分析了地矿大数据的三类组成,给出了地矿大数据的四层应用架构;重点就大数据下地矿工作发展和变革提出了四项建议,包括重视数据,转变地矿工作决策模式;收集数据,夯实地矿工作决策基础;分析数据,提高地矿工作科学决策水平;开放数据,提高地矿工作服务能力和水平。     

后方交会在排土场沉降监测中应用的探讨

排土场是露天矿山的重大危险源之一,其沉降监测一直以来备受重视。本文根据某露天钼矿排土场沉降监测方法及特点,提出利用全站仪后方交会的方法进行沉降观测,通过观测实验,分别对测角、测边后方交会的坐标数据进行比较分析,综合考虑数据的精度和产生误差的原因,并依此得出测边后方交会更加适合于该露天钼矿排土场沉降观测的结论。     

精密水准与GNSS垂向形变关系研究——以天山构造带为例

以天山构造带区域为例,分别用精密水准和GNSS给出地壳形变垂直运动速率矢量图,对其差异及差异形成的原因进行深入分析和探讨,并基于优势互补原则,给出二者融合的形变图像。根据多年研究经验认为,该方法得到的垂直形变图在强震中长期预测中具有较为重要的应用价值。     

Sentinel-1 SAR数据约束的2018年谢通门MW5.8地震同震破裂模型

通过Sentinel-1卫星升降轨数据获取谢通门地震的同震形变场,并基于均匀弹性半无限位错模型反演地震的同震滑动分布模型。InSAR同震形变场表明,升降轨视线向最大形变量分别为0.049 m和0.051 m,形变场长轴大致呈南北方向,位于甲岗-定结断裂西侧。通过对倾角和倾向进行格网搜索发现,西倾节面更可能为该地震的发震节面。反演结果表明,滑动分布主要位于2~10 km深度范围内,平均滑动量为0.02 m,最大滑动量为0.10 m,发震断层倾角为47°,平均滑动角为-81.60°,显示该地震以正倾滑动为主。大地测量数据约束的该地震震中为30.27°N、87.75°E,震源深度为6.58 km,释放地震矩为5.056×10¹⁷ Nm,对应矩震级为M_W5.7,与GCMT、USGS公布的震级基本一致。综合分析震中位置和滑动机制认为,甲岗-定结断裂的分支断层为本次谢通门地震的发震断层。     

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基于HVCE-RBFNN的矿区地表三维形变监测研究

提出一种融合赫尔默特方差分量估计和径向基函数神经网络(HVCE-RBFNN)的三维形变计算方法,结合GNSS和InSAR监测数据,解算甘肃省金昌市金川西二采矿区的地表三维形变场。结果表明,基于HVCE-RBFNN方法获取的三维形变结果精度高于传统方法,其东西向、南北向和垂直向的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为20.85 mm、7.41 mm和34.47 mm,3个方向的最大形变量分别为228 mm、300 mm和193 mm,采空区形变空间分布符合开采沉陷规律。     

利用DS-InSAR技术监测黄河三角洲地表形变

针对黄河三角洲地区湿地及农田多、范围大,导致PS-InSAR技术难以获取高密度地表形变信息的问题,提出一种基于分布式目标InSAR（DS-InSAR）的黄河三角洲地表形变监测方法。该方法通过置信区间估计选取同质像元点,利用特征值分解方法计算主散射体对应相位值以达到相位优化的目的,再根据时空相干性确定分布式目标,最后建模解算时序地表形变信息。以26景Sentinel-1A影像为数据源,提取2019-12～2020-12期间黄河三角洲地区的地表沉降信息,与PS-InSAR方法结果相比,点位密度提高5.56倍;两种方法获取的同名点对形变速率的相关系数为0.727,说明两者具有很好的一致性。实验结果表明,研究区内存在4处明显沉降区域,最大沉降速率达-238 mm/a,经分析及实地调查验证,其主要影响因素为地下卤水及油气开采。     

日照市东南部地区榴辉岩矿矿石加工技术性能及选矿工艺研究

日照市东南部岚山安东卫、虎山地区位于苏鲁榴辉岩带南西段的中部,区域内赋存大型榴辉岩矿体,榴辉岩资源较丰富。榴辉岩含有的石榴子石、绿辉石、金红石都是应用很广的矿物,但榴辉岩的选矿工艺比较复杂,特别是其中金红石的选矿分离一直难以解决。该文就日照东南部地区的榴辉岩矿石的加工技术性能及选矿工艺进行了试验和探讨研究,为今后该区榴辉岩矿的开发利用打下了一定基础。     

Sapphirine in SW Sweden: a record of Sveconorwegian (–Grenvillian) late-orogenic tectonic exhumation

In the Sveconorwegian granulite region of SW Sweden, sapphirine occurs in reaction coronas in Mg- and Al-rich kyanite eclogites which form parts of mafic complexes. Aluminous to peraluminous sapphirine forms symplectitic intergrowths with plagioclase±corundum±spinel after kyanite. Kyanite and omphacite were the main reactants in the formation of sapphirine. The sapphirine formed during decompression from the eclogite facies ( P >15  kbar) through the high- to medium-pressure granulite and upper amphibolite facies at c. 750  °C. Preserved growth zoning in garnet, frozen-in reaction textures, and chemical disequilibrium suggest a rapid tectonic exhumation. Ductile deformation in the surrounding gneisses and parts of the mafic complex is characterized by foliation development, WNW–ESE stretching and dynamic recrystallization under granulite to upper amphibolite facies conditions, simultaneous with the sapphirine formation. This decompression, high-grade re-equilibration and associated deformation took place during the exhumation of the Sveconorwegian eclogites, bracketed between 969±14 and 956±7  Ma. Probable tectonic causes are late-orogenic gravitational collapse and/or plate divergence following the Sveconorwegian–Grenvillian continent–continent collision. There are no indications of metastability of aluminous and peraluminous sapphirine in the decompressed kyanite eclogites; sapphirine is stable in amphibole-poor and amphibolitized varieties, including rocks that have undergone dynamic recrystallization. Close similarities between rocks from different parts of the world with respect to reaction textures suggests that sapphirine+plagioclase-forming reactions are a universal feature in high-temperature decompressed kyanite eclogites.     

Developing the tools for geological shape analysis,with regional‐ to local‐scale examples from the Kalgoorlie Terrane of Western Australia

Geological map data are often underused in mineral‐exploration programs, which rely increasingly on regolith geochemistry and geophysical and other remotely sensed data to generate exploration targets. However, solid geology maps, which are progressively being upgraded due to improved interpretations of superior, remotely sensed images and airborne geophysical data, can be useful in targeting specific types of mineral deposits, which formed late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane. In such terranes, the present map geometry is essentially the same as that at the time of deposit formation. This is the case for orogenic lode‐gold deposits, which commonly show predictable structural controls and/or structural geometry. Thus, the shape of a rock body, or combinations of structures and rock bodies, may provide an important guide to the exploration potential for orogenic lode‐gold deposits. However, until recently, there has been a dearth of techniques to quantify the various properties of shape, and hence test the potential of the two‐dimensional shape of geological bodies in map view as an exploration tool. Integrating techniques from the field of pattern recognition with a modern Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide the shape‐analysis tools required to investigate the geometries of geological shapes. Two‐dimensional shape analysis is now possible through the calculation of several shape metrics including, but not restricted to, aspect ratio, blockiness, elongation, compactness, complexity, roundness, spreadness and squareness. Methods are developed for describing the geometries of rock units about mineral deposits, or any geological features, at any scale, which for the first time makes it possible to compare shapes. These shape‐analysis techniques are tested using orogenic lode‐gold deposits, particularly those in the Kalgoorlie Terrane of the highly auriferous Late Archaean Norseman‐Wiluna Belt of Western Australia. On a global scale, shape analysis indicates that those greenstone belts whose volcanic rock sequences have high elongation and relative low roundness, complexity and aspect ratio (e.g. Kalgoorlie Terrane) are likely to be the most richly endowed in gold. On a more local scale, characteristics of the shape of geological features around the Golden Mile deposit are calculated and used to test the likelihood of occurrence of gold deposits with similar geometry elsewhere in the Kalgoorlie Terrane. The area with the most closely matching shape, on the basis of a 2 km clipping‐circle radius, chosen on the basis of available proximity‐analysis data, corresponds to the recently discovered Ghost Crab deposit, illustrating the potential of the shape analysis methodology in mineral exploration. Shape analysis is, at least in part, scale dependent, due to the inherent problem of being able to define rock boundaries more precisely in units that have strong geophysical signatures than those with weak signatures in poorly exposed terranes. Overcoming this problem is a challenge to the application of this methodology.