泥岩成岩矿物演化特征与成岩体系划分：以东营凹陷古近系为例

成岩过程中泥岩的成岩矿物会随成岩体系的改变而发生变化，因此有效地识别成岩矿物组合与划分成岩体系，对深刻 理解有机质生烃的差异性具有重要的意义。文章选取东营凹陷古近系不同层段埋深在1200~4500 m的泥岩，通过岩石薄片、 扫描电镜和X射线衍射等检测，有效地区分了外源输入的矿物（如石英）与成岩矿物（亮晶方解石和白云石）等显微特征的差 异，据此建立了定量估算泥岩中成岩转化的黏土矿物含量的方法：C陆源=（C/Q）沙一×Q样品和C成岩=CXRD-C陆源，其中C为黏土矿物含 量，Q为石英含量，更好地反映了泥岩成岩过程中黏土矿物的演化特征。在埋藏演化过程中泥岩中的成岩矿物和组合呈现出 两段性，3000 m以上黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化较慢，形成了以伊蒙间层+高岭石的成岩矿物组合，推断其经历了酸性成岩 环境和开放成岩体系；3000 m以下黏土矿物和白云石的成岩转化过程加快，形成了以伊利石+绿泥石+白云石的成岩矿物组 合，推断其经历了碱性成岩环境和封闭成岩体系，充分展现了泥岩在深浅层成岩环境和体系的差异性。与前人研究东营凹陷 泥岩中由有机质生烃产生异常压力造成的开放/封闭体系界限基本吻合，表明泥岩中矿物埋藏演化经历的成岩体系与有机质 生烃形成的压力体系具有较好的响应关系，这对认识不同成岩体系下有机质的生烃过程和生烃机理的差异性具有重要的 意义。     

金伯利岩中新发现的两种Zr-Ti、REE-Ti氧化物矿物──上地幔含大阳离子Cr、Ti、Fe氧化物矿物研究之四

在研究沂蒙矿、蒙山矿等地幔矿物时，新发现了两种Zr－Ti、REE－Ti氧化物矿物。Zr－Ti氧化物新相6个样品点的探针成分分析（wt％）：TIO227.756～46.811，ZrO231.724～58.092，TFeo2.75～5．82，CrO31．728～4．765，Nb2O51．353～4．357，Ta2O50．155～2.814，SiO20．894～13．749，主次元素的成分变化幅度均较大，但以氧为4计算的阳离子总数均为2，因此分子式可简写为（Ti，Zr，Si，Fe）2O4或（Ti，Zr）2O4，与人工化合物ZrTiO4相似。REE－Ti氧化物矿物新相的成分也较复杂，主要元素为REE（Ce，Nd，La，Sm，Pr…）及Ti，次要元素有Nb，根据五个样点的探针分析结果，简化的分子式（Ce…）2（Ti…）3O9，与人工化合物Ce2Ti3O8.7类似，属等轴晶系。两个新矿物相均产于蒙山矿中的微裂隙和熔融交代海绵边中，呈斑点状、蠕虫状、微脉状，组成元素复杂，不同颗粒分析点成分有差异，且在同一微脉中成分也有变化，反映了这两种新矿物相是非平衡的交代一结晶产物。从矿物的产出关系和成分的特征来看，它们的形成与地幔流体交代作用有关。     

加强富锰矿勘查工作,促进锰业发展

我国现有锰矿资源状况，不能满足钢铁工业发展的需要。寻找低磷低铁低硅富锰矿，是解决锰矿资源短缺的重要途径。城口锰矿具有较大的找矿前景，锰矿层产出稳定，锰含量高，铁含量低，烧失量大。加强城口矿区勘查，扩大矿床规模，可望成为我国锰矿的重要生产基地。     

THE LIFE-CYCLE OF MINERAL CONSUMPTION IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS IMPLICATION

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DYNAMIC VARIATIONS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAIHU LAKE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

ＬａｋｅＴａｉｈｕｉｓａｌａｒｇｅｓｈａｌｌｏｗｌａｋｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｗｈｉｃｈｐａｌｙｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｗａｔｅｒ-ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ,ｗａｔｅｒｓｕｐｐｌｙ,ｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｅｔｃ.Ｗｉｔｈｒａｐｉｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｉｎｔｈｅａｒｅａ,ａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｌａｋｅ,ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓ…     

The l:200,000-scale map of the near-surface mineral resources of the Federal Republic of Germany

For those who deal with aspects of regional planning that are affected by the extraction of near-surface mineral resources, a simple map that shows the distribution of these resources accompanied by explanatory notes is essential; a preliminary 1:1 million-scale map was published in 1982. The Geological Surveys of the Federal States of Germany, in conjunction with the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, are compiling a series of maps that will cover the country at a scale of 1:200,000. When completed by the end of the next decade, this set of maps will consist of 57 sheets, each of which will be accompanied by explanatory notes. By the end of 1995, 17 sheets had been published BGR reports on the status of a Federal mineral-resource mapping program.     

Phase-array decomposition of a seismic section

A seismic re fraction/wide-angle reflection profile is analysed for the presence of correlated events ('phases'). The correlation problem is formulated in terms of temporally, spatially and frequency-local complex covariances. For robustness, the method concentrates on phase rather than amplitude information. This allows a computationally efficient algorithm that can make allowance for signal correlation length and can model curved wavefronts. A statistical test based on residual phase misfit across the analysed subarray is used to assess the probability that a detected event represents a real correlated signal.
With our chosen analysis parameters and confidence level (over 99.9 per cent). 1222 events were detected in the data. Using simple techniques based on 1-D earth models, detected events are associated with a small number of particular wave types. In this way, we have succeeded in classifying almost 95 per cent of the detected events. Those that remain describe those components of the data that are inconsistent with our simple ray paths in the 1-D assumption and with our prescribed tolerance. These include reverberations, near-surface guided waves and reflected waves from strongly laterally inhomogeneous structures. According to our modelling, about 25 per cent of the detected events are consistent with simple P -wave reflected energy, and these are to a very large extent (over 85 per cent) distinct from all the other wave-type models we have used. A direct mapping of the detected events into the offset-depth domain reveals dear internal and external consistencies among the detections for the various wave types. Estimated earth structure is consistent with models from previous analyses based on much larger data sets.
We have thus succeeded in extracting correlated events from the data and decomposing these, approximately but meaningfully, into distinct classes (ray paths)     

矿产资源开发环境影响评价的指标体系及方法

通过对矿产资源开发环境影响因素的系统分析，建立了环境影响评价的指标体系，它包括自然环境和社会经济环境两大指标体系；简评了矿产资源开发的环境影响评价方法；提出了建立矿产资源开发环境影响评价信息系统的设想，并简要介绍了该信息系统的组成、主要功能及值得重视研究的几个问题。     

分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩系Th／Hf—Ta／Hf判别

本文在论述了Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ－Ｔａ／Ｈｆ关系判别岩浆岩源区大地构造环境机理的基础上，根据世界上典型大地构造环境区岩浆岩系的Ｔｈ、Ｔａ、Ｈｆ特征，提出了分离的大陆板块边缘镁铁－超镁铁岩的Ｔｈ／Ｈｆ—Ｔａ／Ｈｆ判别标志：Ｔｈ／Ｔａ＝１．８～４．０，Ｔａ／Ｈｆ＞０．１。