吐哈盆地侏罗系砂岩储层中粘土矿物组成和分布的控制因素

在大量分析数据基础上，总结了吐哈盆地侏罗系砂岩储层中粘土矿物组成及其在纵横向上的分布特征，重点对吐哈盆地侏罗系岩储层中粘土矿物组成和分布的主控因素进行了分析，笔者认为吐哈盆地的成岩过程中砂岩孔隙介质条件，不同沉只环境砂体渗滤条件的差异，盆地的大地构造背景和构造发育史以及盆地演化过程中的古气候变化等是影响盆地砂岩粘放物组成和分布的主控因素。由此可以为寻找有利储层和设计酸化采油方案提供重要的依据。     

Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Resources for Strategic Planning: Implications for Australian Geological Surveys

A quantitative valuation study has been made of Australian state surveys with the specific goals of (1) establishing the 'worth' of current programs upgrading state government geoscientific information infrastructure, and (2) considering the results of the valuation in terms of strategic planning. The study has been done from the perspective of the community as a whole and has been undertaken in two phases reflecting the different objectives of Australian state surveys in terms of the exploration industry and government policy-making. This paper reports on the second part of this valuation process, measuring the impact of upgraded survey data on government mineral policy decision processes. The valuation methodology developed is a comparative approach used to determine net benefit foregone by not upgrading information infrastructure. The underlying premise for the geological survey study is that existing and upgraded data sets will have a different probability that a deposit will be detected. The approach used in the valuation of geoscientific data introduces a significant technical component with the requirement to model both favorability of mineral occurrence and probability of deposit occurrence for two different generations of government data. The estimation of mineral potential uses modern quantitative methods, including the U.S. Geological Survey three-part resource-assessment process and computer-based prospectivity modeling. To test the methodology mineral potential was assessed for porphyry copper type deposits in part of the Yarrol Province, central Queensland. Results of the Yarrol case study supports the strategy of the state surveys to facilitate effective exploration by improving accuracy and acquiring new data, as part of resource management. It was determined in the Yarrol Province case study that in going from existing to upgraded data sets the area that would be considered permissible for the occurrence of porphyry type deposits almost doubled. The implication of this result is that large tracts of potentially mineralized land would not be identified using existing data. Results of the prospectivity modeling showed a marked increase in the number of exploration targets and in target rankings using the upgraded data set. A significant reduction in discovery risk also is associated with the upgraded data set, a conclusion supported by the fact that known mines with surface exposure are not identified in prospectivity modeling using the existing data sets. These results highlight the absence in the existing data sets of information critical for the identification of prospective ground.Quantitative resource assessment and computer-based prospectivity modeling are seen as complementary processes that provide the support for the increasingly sophisticated needs of Australian survey clients. Significant additional gains to the current value of geoscientific data can be achieved through the in-house analysis and characterization of individual data sets, the integration and interpretation of data sets, and the incorporation of information on geological uncertainty.     

Preliminary reconstruction of sediment-source linkages for the past 6000 yr at the Petit Lac d'Annecy, France, based on mineral magnetic data

An 8 m core from the central plain of the Petit Lac d'Annecy, France, two floodplain cores, river bedload sediments and several hundred soil samples from the catchment have been studied using magnetic techniques. The soils, mainly developed on limestones and local glacial tills, show widespread magnetic enhancement with higher ferrimagnetic concentrations and contents of SP grains than found in the lake sediments. Some soils show significant concentrations of canted antiferromagnetic minerals (mainly haematite). Using magnetic quotient parameters the surface soils are classified into four mineralogical types. The lake and floodplain sediment properties over the past 6000 yrs can largely be explained by the erosion and deposition of these sources, with a smaller superimposed biogenic (magnetosomes) signal. Derived sediment-source linkages allow the construction of several hypotheses about geomorphological changes in the catchment system: (i) the long-term erosion of high altitude unweathered substrates has gradually increased towards the present day; (ii) the erosion of high altitude soils has increased within the last 1000 yrs, possibly during the period of the 'Little Ice Age'; (iii) shifts towards an increased erosion of surface lowland soil occurred ~2000 and 1000 yrs ago and may be linked to an accelerated accretion of floodplain overbank deposits; (iv) there has been a significant storage of surface soil within floodplains, which leads to an underestimation of the importance of soil erosion in the lake sediment records; (v) the sediment transported by high magnitude, low frequency flood events has shifted in source from high altitude soils before ~1000 cal. yr BP to lowland and mid-altitude free draining soils after ~1000 cal. yr BP.     

西辽河平原东部沼泽发育与中全新世早期以来古环境演变

根据典型沼泽剖面14 C测年及其树木年轮校正、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X 衍射分析、泥炭植物残体鉴定和沉积物的化学元素聚集与迁移资料 ,研究了中全新世以来西辽河平原东部沼泽发育过程与古环境演变及其二者的关系。结果表明 ,位于生态环境过渡带、脆弱带的沼泽发生、发育对环境变化尤为敏感。中全新世早期以来 ,环境变化频繁 ,由此导致沼泽发育出现多次形成、发育、退化、消亡、再生循环变化。沼泽发育与古环境演变可划分为 6个时期 :中全新世早期沼泽孕育与萌芽发育期 ;中全新世中期沼泽旺盛发育期 ;中全新世中晚期沼泽间断发育期 ;中全新世晚期沼泽退化发育期 ;晚全新世早期沼泽复苏期 ;晚全新世晚期沼泽消亡期。距今 5 80 0年左右为本区全新世沼泽最早发育期。沼泽发育也遵循富营养沼泽长期发展的模式     

低品位氧化钴矿石钴的赋存状态和浸取实验研究

基于我国钴资源分布分散、且多为伴生、品位低的现状，对某铜钴矿化区钴矿石中的钴碳酸盐矿物、含钴铁氧化物和具有吸附态的粘土矿物进行了钴的赋存状态和浸取试验研究，查明了钴的赋存状态，并以此为依据，运用逐一条件试验和正交试验相互验证的办法，确定了最优化的浸取试验方案，该方法对此低品位氧化钴矿石中钴的浸出率达到90%以上。     

土壤铁锰结核中生命有关元素的化学地理特征

研究了我国亚热带、暖温带几种土壤铁锰结核中锰矿物的类型,探讨了它们形成的地球化学过程与特征。结果表明:不同土壤铁锰结核锰矿物的类型及其含量不尽相同,但锂硬锰矿普遍存在且结晶程度较高;与土壤相比,土壤铁锰结核的化学组成仍以Si、Al、Fe为主,但Fe含量超过了Al,Mn含量远大于Mg、Ca;结核中一些重金属富集顺序为Pb>Co>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr;揭示了土壤铁锰结核形成过程中存在着成核富集作用、成矿作用、专性吸附作用和轻度积钙作用。     

Internally consistent calibrations for geothermobarometry of high-grade Mg-Al rich rocks in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 and their application to sapphirine-spinel granulites of Eastern Ghats, India and Enderby Land, Antarctica

Sixty-three internally consistent geothermobarometers for mineral equilibria involving sapphirine (2:2:1 and 7:9:3), pyrope, cordierite, enstatite, Mg-tschermak orthopyroxene, quartz, spinel and sillimanite have been calibrated in the MAS system. The updated thermodynamic data of these minerals are consistent, within limits of error, with highP-T experiments on several mineral equilibria and calorimetric data. TheP-T conditions of the granulite facies metamorphism, spanning a range of 700 to more than 1000°C and 4 to more than 10 kbar, can be estimated simultaneously from these geothermobarometers andP-T-t trajectories can be deduced from the reaction coronas well preserved in these rocks because of the refractory nature of aluminous phases. The geothermobarometers have been applied to sapphirine-spinel granulites of Eastern Ghats and Enderby Land. TheP-T conditions of metamorphism (a-prograde/thermal peak and b-retrograde isothermal/isobaric decompression/cooling) estimated for these granulites are: (1) Eastern Ghats (Visakhapatnam): Paderu- (a) 900°C/8.3kbar, (b-1) 900°C/6.8kbar and (b-2) 740°C/5.4 kbar; Anantgiri- (a) prograde anticlockwise 930°C/6.2 kbar and (b) 870°C/6.8 kbar, 820°C/6.1 kbar; Anakapalle- (b) 845°C/8.5-6.2 kbar; and Araku- (b) 840°C/6.2 kbar to 795°C/5.9 kbar. Enderby Land (Napier complex): Spot height 945, Tula Mts.- (a) 970°C/9.1 ± 0.6 kbar, isobaric cooling (b) 885°C/ 7.75 kbar, isothermal decompression (b) 880°C/6.85 kbar; Mt. Hardy, Tula Mts.- (b) 885°C/6.75 kbar; Mt. Riiser-Larsen, Amundsen bay- (a) 1000°C/7.0 kbar prograde anticlockwise; Mt. Sones- (b) 920°C/ 6.8 kbar; Forefinger Point, SW Enderby Land- (b) 840°C/6.7 kbar, 810°C/6.5 kbar and 775°C/5.0 kbar. The estimatedP-T andP-T-t are mostly consistent with those inferred from the granulites of these areas.     

再论偏岭石与变高岭石的区别——评《天然烧变高岭石中水铝英石的发现》一文

《矿物学报》１９９５年第４期发表了何宏平的“天然烧变高岭石中水铝英石发现”一文。该文用核磁共振谱中－７９．０×１０－６附近的谱峰，认为该信号来自水铝英石，而不是来自Ａｌ－Ｓｉ尖晶石。这种说法较合理，因刘长龄早就阐明偏岭石在成岩阶段由水铝英石变来。但是我们不同意“天然煤烧变高岭石经后期水化作用变成水铝英石”的观点，而主张“水铝英石是沼泽相原生沉积的；在成岩作用中转变为偏岭石不是煤烧的，有一些理化性质与变高岭石的不同”     

南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛湖泊堆积物的物相组成特征及其环境意义

本文根据南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛燕鸥湖、西湖和基太克湖三个堆积剖面物相组成与丰度的资料，讨论其物相组成特征、物质来源及其环境意义。研究结果表明，湖泊堆积物主要来自该岛广泛分布的火山岩。在南极地区干冷环境条件下，源区母岩所经受的风化作用以物理风化为主，化学风化微弱。高岭石、方解石丰度与年龄关系曲线在湖积层与冰碛层之间的陡削变化表明，相应的环境变化是突变式的，可能与这两种堆积物搬运方式的不同和冰碛物的保护作用有关。     

矿床工业指标的制定与管理解析

１９９４－０４以后，国务院规定矿床工业指标由矿产储量审批机构统一下达，从历史的经验和现实的管理来看都是十分重要的。本文介绍了矿床工业指标制定与管理的原则，程序和方法，以及湖南省储委的５点经验，并提出了加强这一工作的建议。