露天铁矿禀赋优势等级划分和合理矿业税费的研究

利用自组织神经网络，对我国主要露天铁矿进行了禀赋优势等级划分。权利金大小的确定，应以铁矿资源的资产评估为基础，资产评估时合理成本的取值应是评估矿山所在同一等级矿山的平均成本。矿产资源的原有价值是权利金征收的对象。最后以歪头山为实例，计算了铁矿资源的原有价值和权利金。结果表明，目前对歪头山铁矿征收的税费仍然偏高。     

矿井电法探测突水陷落柱在任楼煤矿的应用

井下工作面侧帮超前探测技术是矿井直流电阻率探测新技术之一。本文阐述了该技术基本探测原理及其在陷落柱突水前探测采煤工作面内部陷落柱的应用。结果表明,该技术能探测含水导水陷落柱位置及其富水性,从而预防陷落柱突水淹井事故的发生,为煤矿井下防治水起到了重要作用。     

鞍山市铁矿矿山地质灾害形成条件及对策研究

矿山地质灾害较其它地质灾害相比有其独特性。在鞍山铁矿区，排土场沉降不仅与采矿引起的地下水位下降有直接的联系，还与松散细粒土层、活动断裂有关；滑坡、泥石流地质灾害与地形地貌、水源条件及构造有一定的关系，更重要的是采矿活动产生的废石废渣为其提供了大量的物源；尾矿库灾害主要表现为：洪水漫顶、尾矿砂液化破坏、尾矿坝渗漏及管涌溃堤、尾矿坝滑塌破坏等。本文简要分析了鞍山市铁矿山主要存在的地质灾害类型(排土场地面沉降、滑坡、泥石流及尾矿库地质灾害)和形成条件并提出了防治地质灾害的对策。     

Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Geochemical characterization of karst groundwater in the cradle of humankind world heritage site,South Africa

The karst of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site plays a major role in the assimilation or carrying of acid mine drainage, sewage effluent return flow and agricultural run-off. Infiltration of contaminated water has altered the chemical composition of the natural waters of the karst system. A multivariate statistical method in combination with conventional geochemical and spatial analysis was applied on groundwater and surface water quality samples to determine the spatial extent of hydrochemical impacts from different anthropogenic sources. The application of hierarchical cluster analysis of the major ions (148 samples) recognised three distinct hydrochemical regimes. Cluster 1 is moderately mineralized, especially with regard to chloride, nitrate and sulphate, cluster 2 has a low mineralization with all elements well within the recommended drinking water limits of South Africa and cluster 3 represents highly mineralized samples taken in the vicinity of decanting mineshafts. The cluster solution is confirmed by a simple mixing model, indicating varying contributions of three identified end members (acid mine drainage, treated sewage effluents and pristine dolomitic groundwater) to the groundwater quality in the catchment. The combination of statistical, geochemical and spatial methods in conjunction with end-member mixing analysis provides a reliable method to understand the processes responsible for the groundwater quality variations and to assist in the identification of anthropogenic impacts.     

葛泉煤矿南翼瓦斯地质特征

揭示了葛泉煤矿褶皱构造、断裂构造发育, 且其南翼比北翼更为复杂的地质构造特征; 指出了影响该矿南翼瓦斯涌出异常的主要地质因素是地质构造; 研究了该矿南翼瓦斯地质特征, 并提出了用地质构造特征预测瓦斯涌出异常区的建议和技术措施。这对该矿安全生产有重要意义。      

甘南某金矿地球物理探测与冒顶事故分析

甘南某金矿3号矿体采用空场法开采,于2006年12月4日采场发生冒顶坍塌,造成矿山停产。为了恢复矿山生产和今后矿山生产安全,需要进行采场坍塌原因分析,了解采场塌埋填实情况,以便采取相应安全措施,保证采矿安全。为此,首先根据3号矿体的地质、采矿条件,分析了采场坍塌原因及其主要影响因素。在此基础上,采用地球物理勘探技术,进行了采场空区的电磁法探测,由此揭示了采场的空区填埋情况。同时,圈定了深部矿床的异常区,不仅为矿区恢复生产提供了重要设计依据,而且为矿山深部资源开发提供了重要的参考价值。     

硫多金属矿床开采对水环境的影响——以福建大田地区矿产开发为例

闽西大田地区矿床采选冶活动对水土生态环境系统造成了严重的破坏,矿区采选矿废水pH值、SO4^2-浓度远远超过水环境标准,选矿废水和接纳采选矿废水的河流水体中Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量大部分超过地面5类水标准,少部分超过4类水标准,矿区采选矿业废水是地表水金属污染的重要源头。矿业废水pH值与金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量具有明显的负相关关系,SO4^2-浓度与金属离子Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd浓度具有较一致的变化规律。提出整治硫多金属矿山环境污染,应坚持因地制宜、矿业资源开发与环境保护并重的方针,用石灰石碱性中和酸性废水,隔离覆盖尾矿矿堆,对废弃矿山植树种草进行生态修复,对效益低下的开采矿山退矿还林,对严重环境污染的矿山实行关闭,对新开矿山要进行科学规划开发。     

内蒙古白云鄂博矿区富钾板岩的热水沉积成因特征

通过对白云鄂博富钾板岩的岩石学、矿物学及岩石化学的研究,提出富钾板岩是一种热水沉积钾长石岩的认识。富钾板岩是白云鄂博矿区的一种重要岩性,与上下岩层呈不规则层状或夹层产出,致密状微晶或隐晶质结构。其中钾长石含量在80%以上,X射线衍射分析表明其2θ(2-01)=21 00,2θ(060)=41 800,2θ(2-04)=50 560,求得三斜度Δ=0 91,有序度δ=0 89,属于典型的低钠、低温、有序最大的微斜长石,微斜长石成分占98%以上。岩石中富含微量元素B、F、Sr、Ba,平均质量分数分别为26×10-6、3386×10-6、119×10-6和1735×10-6,结合X射线衍射分析表明微斜长石中有冰长石成分。稀土元素以轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、个别出现正铕异常为特征。根据热水流体中钾浓度与温度的相关性及热水沉积、交代和充填物中经常出现钾长石矿物,分析认为白云鄂博矿区出现的富钾板岩是热水沉积钾长石岩,其形成于火山期后的溶液活动阶段。     

额尔齐斯河流域及某稀有多金属矿废水铀、钍含量分布及其环境影响

运用简易、快捷、灵敏的ICP-MS法直接测定稀有多金属矿以及河水样品中的铀钍含量,并推算其与比放射性活度之间的定量关系,客观评价了某稀有多金属矿废水中的放射性水平以及额尔齐斯河流域的放射性污染现状。研究表明,某稀有多金属选矿废水铀含量可达78．311μg/L,钍含量达0．627μg/L。额尔齐斯河流域各支流河水铀、钍平均含量分别为0．584μg/L、0．025μg/L,其干流河水钍平均含量为0．019μg/L,而铀平均含量达2．234μg/L,远高于世界河水铀平均含量0．309μg/L。