Seasonal Variation in Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Building Areas and in Green Spaces in Beijing,China

The cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks are an essential component of city ecosystems in terms of regulating microclimates or mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs).Air temperature and relative humidity are two main factors of thermal environmental comfort and have a critical impact on the urban environmental quality of human settlements.We measured the 2-m height air temperature and relative humidity at the Beijing Olympic Park and a nearby building roof for more than 1 year to elucidate seasonal variations in air temperature and relative humidity,as well as to investigate the outdoor thermal comfort.The results showed that the lawn of the park could,on average,reduce the air temperature by(0.80±0.19)℃,and increase the relative humidity by(5.24±2.91)% relative to the values measured at the building roof during daytime.During the nighttime,the lawn of the park reduced the air temperature by(2.64±0.64)℃ and increased the relative humidity by(10.77±5.20)%.The park was cooler and more humid than surrounding building area,especially in night period(more pronounced cooling with 1.84℃).Additionally,the lawn of the park could improve outdoor thermal comfort through its cooling and humidifying effects.The level of thermal comfort in the park was higher than that around the building roof for a total of 11 days annually in which it was above one or more thermal comfort levels(average reduced human comfort index of 0.92)except during the winter.     

联合DInSAR与Offset-tracking技术监测高强度采区开采沉陷的方法

高强度煤炭开采产生巨大的地表形变,形变相位梯度过大导致干涉测量解缠错误,单一采用常规DInSAR及其衍生技术都无法获得地表沉陷主值。本文提出一种新的解决方案,即联合利用DInSAR与偏移量追踪技术（Offset-tracking）各自的技术优势,实现开采区大变形的准确提取,并基于GAUSS函数模型拟合恢复沉陷区剖面形态。基于2012年2月13日和2012年11月27日两景高分辨率SAR数据（RADARSAT-2,5 m精细波束模式（MF5））为数据源,以神东矿区布尔台矿、寸草塔一矿、二矿为研究区,采用常规DInSAR技术获得亚厘米级沉陷区边界,边界沉陷值处于-0.01~ -0.02 m;利用偏移量追踪方法获取米级地表沉陷中心主值,中心沉陷值集中在-1.0~ -4.0 m。将2种方法监测到沉陷信息分段融合,最后采用GAUSS函数模型重构矿区开采沉陷下沉特征曲线。结果表明,偏移量追踪方法可弥补DInSAR技术监测大量级形变信息的不足,联合技术可完整获取高强度采区的大形变沉陷。     

鲍店煤矿矿井构造复杂程度评价

在鲍店煤矿地质勘探和矿井开采资料系统分析和统计的基础上,应用分形理论和方法对矿井构造进行了构造复杂程度评价。评价结果表明,影响鲍店矿构造复杂程度的主要因素是断裂构造,褶皱构造的影响相对较弱;矿井的西部和北部铺子断层以西区域是矿井的2个构造复杂区,分维值均在1．2以上;矿井目前开采的七、九采区构造相对简单,尤其北部区域是构造简单区,是机械化采煤的有利区。     

Texture, mineralogy, and rock strength in horizontal stress-related coal mine roof falls

Geologic structures can represent planes of preferential weakness that, by dismembering the roof beam, may contribute to the failure of roof spans. However, beam deflection and roof failure also occur in rocks where no visible geologic discontinuities are present. This suggests that roof failure may depend on rock strength, which in turn depends on intrinsic textural properties inherent to the rock. In this study, rock samples were collected from horizontal stress-related roof fall material in coal mines for petrographic characterization and compressive strength testing. Brittle, stress failure-prone rock types include thinly interlaminated siltstone and shale, and black shale that had been lightly recrystallized. Samples exhibit a narrow range of density values between approximately 2.5–3.0 g/cm³ but exhibit a wide range of unconfined compressive strength values, between approximately 20–70 MPa. Results of laboratory observations suggest that for samples of coal mine immediate roof shale, compressive strength is not well correlated with density, grain size, sutured grain boundaries, or quartz content. These results for shale are generally at odds with the results of similar studies for sandstone. The great variability of strength, texture, and mineralogy documented in these samples may be an indication of their complexity and the need for specialized methodology in the study of shale strength.     

金矿复杂地层金刚石取心钻头选型试验研究

金矿复杂地层金刚石钻进存在岩石坚硬、地层打滑、漏失等问题,影响钻头寿命和钻进效率。在山东招远某金矿勘探中,通过对3个单位制造的金刚石钻头进行现场对比试验研究,证明JBD-75S仿生金刚石钻头在提高钻头寿命方面具有较大的优越性,适合该复杂地层钻进。     

Metalliferous paragenesis of the San José mine, Oruro, Bolivia

The San José silver–tin deposit, Oruro, is located in the Cordillera Oriental, which contains most of the metalliferous mineralizations of Bolivia and is related to a quartz-latite dome of Miocene age. The mineral paragenesis encountered in this study is composed of cassiterite, stannite, miargyrite, pyrargyrite, andorite and Bi-rich andorite, jamesonite, pavonite/benjaminite, boulangerite, owyheeite, ramdohrite and Bi-rich ramdohrite, bismuthinite, besides pyrite, chalcopyrite, Ag-rich tetrahedrite, galena and sphalerite, all of which are analyzed by electron microprobe analysis. With semi-quantitative SEM/EDS and XRD analyses, rhodostannite and kësterite/ferrokësterite were found in association with andorite, and chalcostibite was determined by XRD, in association with zinkenite, tetrahedrite and pyrite.     

Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps from the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphide mine (Eastern Liguria,Italy)

Active acid mine drainage (AMD) processes at the Libiola Fe-Cu sulphides mine are mainly triggered by water–rock interaction occurring within open-air tailing and waste-rock dumps. These processes are mainly controlled by exposure to weathering agents, the grain size of the dumped materials, and by the quantity of sulphides, the sulphide types, and their mode of occurrence. Due to these factors, several paragenetic stages of evolution have been recognised at different depths at different sites and within the same site. The dump samples were investigated with mineralogical (reflected- and transmitted-light optical microscopy, XRPD, and SEM-EDS) and geochemical (ICP-AES, Leco) techniques. The AMD evaluation of the tailing and waste-rock samples was performed by calculating the Maximum Potential Acidity, the Acid Neutralising Capacity, (and the Net Acid Producing Potential. The results allowed us to demonstrate that the open-air tailings had already superseded their AMD apex and are now practically inert material composed mainly of stable goethite ± lepidocrocite ± hematite assemblages. On the contrary, the sulphide-rich waste rocks still have a strong potential to produce long term AMD, causing the acidification of circulating waters and the release of several hazardous elements.     

The status of the passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage in South Korea

This study was performed to investigate the operating status, evaluate the problems, and discuss possible improvement methods of passive treatment systems for acid mine drainage (AMD) in South Korea. Thirty-five passive treatment systems in 29 mines have been constructed from 1996 to 2002 using successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS) as the main treatment process. We investigated 29 systems (two for metal mines), 19 of which revealed various problems. Overflows of drainage from SAPS, wetland, or oxidation ponds were caused by the flow rate exceeding the capacities of the facilities or by the reduced permeability of the organic substance layer. Leakages occurred at various parts of the systems. In some cases, clogged and broken pipes at the mouths of the mine adits made the whole system unusable. Some systems showed very low efficiencies without apparent leakage or overflow. Even though the systems showed fairly good efficiencies in metal removal ratios (mainly iron) and pH control; sulfate removal rates were very poor except in three systems, which may indicate very poor sulfate reductions with sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) as a means.     

焦家金矿矿化元素因子分析

在焦家金矿区地球化学测量的基础上,通过对不同矿化区段地球化学异常结构的因子分析,探讨矿致异常的元素组合特征.认为不同矿化区段公因子都为典型的热液矿床元素组合,其中成矿地段公因子变量数较少且相关性较大,公因子具有很强的代表性,而非矿化地段公因子中则变量相对较多,因子载荷较小;Co,Ni为典型的深源代表组分,仅在矿化地段表现为独立因子,且与主因子表现为明显的负相关;金元素在矿化地段各因子上均具有一定载荷,但集中分布在两个主因子上,而且与As,Hg,Ag,Pb元素的相关性较大,因此F1因子基本代表了矿化公因子的元素组合,是成矿预测最有效的指示标志.     

廊坊市规划区土壤环境污染的地球化学评价

系统采集廊坊市规划区耕层和深层土壤,分析2类土壤中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、B、Mo、Co、Hg、As、Pb、Cl、Cd、F、Se、Cr、I共 21种元素含量及耕层土壤pH值.区内主要污染元素为Hg、Pb、Mn、Cd、N.通过其计算的耕层土壤环境质量评价表明:西北部较好,东南部较差,从西务、大官庄、周各庄至彭庄、大枣林一带京山铁路北侧环境质量最差.污染成因与工农业生产、日常生活中的废水、废气、废渣排放密切相关.