城市水资源的合理利用与可持续发展

自20世纪80年代以来,由于工业的高速发展,中国城市已由180座猛增至666座,城市人口和城市需水量都迅猛增长,造成城市水资源紧缺。城市发展也使污染问题日益严重,直接对水资源造成破坏,影响人体健康。地下水超量开采,引起地面沉降、岩溶塌陷、海水入侵等地质灾害,造成严重经济损失。针对以上问题,本文探讨了城市水资源紧缺的原因及其对生态的影响,提出城市水资源的合理规划、合理利用以及开源节流、保护生态环境与防止地质灾害的相关措施。     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿区铅同位素示踪

南京栖霞山铅锌矿已开采50余年,环境问题日益突出。为了了解污染来源和污染传播方式,采集了该地水、土、植物、大气沉降、燃油灰尘、矿石、人血和生物等多种样品进行重金属元素含量和铅同位素示踪分析。结果表明矿区重金属污染严重,且污染随着靠近矿区而逐渐加重,重金属元素Pb、As、Cd、Cu、Zn之间相关性明显,初步反映了污染与矿山有关;同位素分析显示,矿区大气沉降样品、大部分植物样品、部分土壤和部分生物样品铅同位素组成与矿石铅同位素组成相似,证实了污染源为矿山。另外,大气沉降与植物样品铅含量高且它们的铅同位素组成相当,反映了大气沉降是污染传播方式之一。     

预应力锚索在平庄西露天矿非工作帮边坡加固工程中的应用

预应力锚索在岩土工程边坡已经得到了广泛地应用,但在露天煤矿边坡的应用还不多见。本文介绍了预应力锚索加固在露天煤矿非工作帮的应用实例,就不同条件及不同加固参数的边坡加固效果进行了研究。其结果表明,通过预应力加固的边坡,其稳定性得到迅速提高。实施的加固参数能够满足矿山边坡的稳定要求。加固技术已在该矿得到应用。     

The contribution of physical geography to environmental public policy development in Mexico

In recent years, physical geography in Mexico has contributed to the enterprise of geographical science by integrating with fields of study closely related to topics of sustainable development. This paper outlines the contribution of the discipline to environmental public policy development, particularly ecological land use planning and integrated watershed management. In terms of applications, physical geography appears to have reached a stage of maturity in Mexico. However, it must offer a stronger leadership in areas such as ecoregional analysis (in an integrated fashion, and not only from the biological‐ecological perspective) and regional vulnerability to global change processes. An excellent opportunity exists for scientists and decision makers to develop a common agenda.     

后方交会在排土场沉降监测中应用的探讨

排土场是露天矿山的重大危险源之一,其沉降监测一直以来备受重视。本文根据某露天钼矿排土场沉降监测方法及特点,提出利用全站仪后方交会的方法进行沉降观测,通过观测实验,分别对测角、测边后方交会的坐标数据进行比较分析,综合考虑数据的精度和产生误差的原因,并依此得出测边后方交会更加适合于该露天钼矿排土场沉降观测的结论。     

地震勘探技术在石膏矿开发中的应用

在国内首次将地震勘探技术系统地应用于石膏矿床的开发,控制了石膏层赋存状况和构造特征,获得了较为理想的地质效果和经济效益。      

四湖排水系统运行规划优化模型

分析了四湖排水系统的运行特点,应用大系统理论对系统进行了递阶分析并确定了该系统运行规划的NLP/DP/LP优化模型结构。在确定系统运行规则的基础上,分层建立了系统运行规划优化模型。     

PPGIS在城市规划决策中的应用

在介绍PPGIS概念的基础上,给出了基于PPGIS城市规划决策系统的框架,分析了基于元数据的分布式空间数据库的数据组织方式,提出了公众参与城市规划决策系统中公众冲突的解决机制,并在传统适宜性分析模型的基础上建立了公众参与的适宜性分析模型。     

甘肃花草滩煤矿区沉积相演化与内部构造的地质意义探讨

花草滩煤矿区地处北祁连褶皱带中段北侧,酒东盆地东端。古生界和中生界地层在区内发育较完整,其中石炭系太原组为含煤地层。经二、三维地震勘探、钻探等工作证实矿床总体上受单斜构造控制。石炭纪中期盆地呈逐渐上升趋势,沉积相演化经历了由海相逐渐过渡到海陆交汇相,再到陆相沉积的阶段。F5和F8断层具顺层断裂特征,破坏煤层的连续性,在一定程度上控制了瓦斯突出区的分带,可作为煤矿瓦斯含量高低的分界标志。     

Microchemical Characterization of Natural Gold and Copper Alloys from the Ancient Um Shashoba Gold Mine,South Egypt

The SEM-EDX technique was applied to investigate Au, and Cu＋Sn alloyed grains in the mineralization of the Um Shashoba mine for achieving further understanding of occurrences, internal structures and microchemistry of Au and Cu alloys and associated minerals, and mineralization type. This study is aiming at the genetic history of ore-bearing fluid events, geochemical evaluation and exploration significance. The results showed that the mineralization could be considered as a single major episode generated by metamorphic mesothermal solution rich in sulfides and unsaturated respect to Au. It was differentiated into many stages; started with formation of auriferous pyrite that was pseudomorphed by secondary hematite, limonite and goethite. Three phases of Au alloy were precipitated, and Cu＋Sn and Ag-rich alloys were produced respectively and followed by deposition of two generations of barren pyrite. Calcite and ankerite were crystalized, surrounded and partially replaced some of early formed minerals. Finally, barren muscovite recrystallized around and inside both later formed carbonate minerals that were free of any sign of Au in their structures. The processes of deformation, recrystallization, annealing, dissolution, remobilization and re-precipitation played the most important roles in the genetic history of the mineralization.