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41.
R. Mourgues J.B. GressierL. Bodet D. BureauA. Gay 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):1111-1121
In petroleum industry, the difference between pore pressure (Pp) and minimum horizontal stress Sh (termed the seal or retention capacity) is of major consideration because it is often assumed to represent how close a system is to hydraulic failure and thus the maximum hydrocarbon column height that can be maintained. While Sh and Pp are often considered to be independent parameters, several studies in the last decade have demonstrated that Sh and Pp are in fact coupled. However, the nature of this coupling relationship remains poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the influences of the spatial pore pressure distribution on Sh/Pp coupling and then on failure pressure predictions and trap integrity evaluation. With analytical models, we predict the fluid pressure sustainable within a reservoir before failure of its overpressured shale cover. We verify our analytical predictions with experiments involving analogue materials and fluids. We show that hydraulic fracturing and seal breach occur for fluid pressure greater than it would be expected from conventional retention capacity. This can be explained by the impact of the fluid overpressure field in the overburden and the pressure diffusion around the reservoir on the principal stresses. We calculate that supralithostatic pressure could locally be reached in overpressured covers. We also define the retention capacity of a cover (RC) surrounding a fluid source or reservoir as the difference between the failure pressure and the fluid overpressure prevailing in shale at the same depth. In response to a localized fluid pressure rise, we show that the retention capacity does not only depend on the pore fluid overpressure of the overburden but also on the tensile strength of the cover, its Poisson’s ratio, and the depth and width of the fluid source. 相似文献
42.
针对刚性挡墙不同变位模式,对基坑开挖过程中地表沉陷规律进行模型试验研究。开展的模型试验分别模拟了挡墙在平移(T模式)、绕墙趾转动(RB模式)和绕墙顶转动(RT模式)3种基本刚性变位模式下诱发的墙后地表沉陷,得到了土体沉陷曲线的分布规律。结果表明,挡墙平移时,墙后地表沉降呈勺型分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙趾转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈三角形分布,最大沉降紧靠墙背处;挡墙绕墙顶转动时,墙后地表沉降近似呈抛物线分布,最大沉降位于距墙背一定距离的位置处。挡墙变位距离相同时,对于绕墙趾和绕墙顶转动模式,墙后土体沉陷的面积基本相等,两者沉陷面积之和近似等于平移模式的土体沉陷面积,另外,挡墙变位面积与墙后土体沉陷面积也近乎一致。将试验观察的沉陷曲线与既有的解析解作了对比分析,验证了二者的一致性。 相似文献
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45.
Orinoco地层油的开发特征及组分研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Orinoco地层油具有较高的气油比和沥青质含量,在模拟油藏开发状况时,使用油罐油和天然气配制的模拟油。利用大直径长岩心模型进行压力衰竭实验,得到Orinoco地层油的流动特点及模拟开发效果。结果显示:(1)高于泡点压力阶段,模拟油显现弹性驱动特征,采收率很低;(2)在泡点和“拟泡点”之间的降压阶段,模拟油表现出缓慢的膨胀性能,采收率近似线性增加,斜率接近1,此时具有最大的开采效益;(3)低于拟泡点压力阶段,产气量增大,采收率增加缓慢。实验测定了Orinoco地层油的详细组分,并以此为依据配制模拟油。对模拟油PVT性质进行分析,结论是:气油比和少量的轻质组分对相对体积的影响很小,沥青等重质组分对气体保持稳定状态起主要作用;脱气状态的地层油在60 ℃时粘度仍高达6 194 mPa·s,而较高的气油比使地层油粘度陡降,特别在压力降低至泡点压力后,仍存在一个粘度缓慢变化的阶段,显示了Orinoco地层油的独特之处。 相似文献
46.
青藏高原多年冻土区地温监测结果分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Ground temperatures monitored at four observation sites in permafrost regions on the Tibetan Plateau was analyzed. It was found that the ground temperature at the depth of 12~20 m increased 0.2~0.4 K and the permafrost thickness decreased 4~5 m from the base in Xidatan Site from 1975 to 1989; and the ground temperature at the depth of 6~15 m increased 0.2~0.4 K in Kunlun Pass Site from 1982 to 1997. Contrast observations show that a sand cover, 15~20 cm in depth, can result in a ground temperature decrease of 0.1~ 0.2 K in MS66 Site; and a removal of vegetation can result in a ground temperature decrease of some 0.2 K in Hoh Xil Site. The monitor demonstrates that many factors that control permafrost developing have duality, e.g., sand and vegetation are able to increase or decrease the ground temperature. These factors, in conjunction with permafrost behaviour, play different roles under different conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to study, understand and evaluate permafrost and its engineering geological properties taking the viewpoint of dynamic variation. 相似文献
47.
In the northwestern North Pacific, annual net air-sea CO2 flux is greatest in the Kuroshio Extension(KE) zone,owing to its low annual mean partial pressure of CO2(pCO2), and it decreases southward across the basin. To quantify the influences of factors controlling the latitudinal gradient in CO2 uptake, sea surface pCO2 and related parameters were investigated in late spring of 2018 in a study spanning the KE, Kuroshio Recirculation(KR), and... 相似文献
48.
西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼资源时空分布研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过了解西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼(Illexargentinus)资源丰度年间变化规律,从而对阿根廷滑柔鱼的资源可持续开发与管理打下基础。作者根据2012~2017年西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼生产统计数据,利用灰色关联评价等数理方法对西南大西洋资源渔场的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,2012~2017年间西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼渔场重心主要在经度上分布于58°W~63°W海域,纬度主要集中在41°~44°S、47°~48°S两个区域,高平均网次产量(10 t/网)的海域主要在57°W~67°W、41°S~42°S和57°W~67°W、44°S~50°S海域。灰色关联度表明:6年间,以2015年滑柔鱼资源状况最好,其次是2014年,2012年最差,2013年、2016年和2017年处于中间水平。利用灰色关联分析的阿根廷滑柔鱼资源丰度变化趋势可用于其资源的可持续开发与管理。 相似文献
49.
Xiangyu Long Rong Wan Zengguang Li Yiping Ren Pengbo Song Yongjun Tian Binduo Xu Ying Xue 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):133-144
In recent years, Konosirus punctatus has accounted for a large portion in catch composition and become important economic species in the South Yellow Sea. However, the distribution of K. punctatus early life stages is still poorly understood. In this study, generalized additive models with Tweedie distribution were used to analyze the relationships between K. punctatus ichthyoplankton and environmental factors(longitude and latitude, sea surface temperature(SST), sea surface salinity(SSS) and depth), and predict distribution K. punctatus spawning ground and nursing ground, based on samplings collected in 6 months during 2014–2017. The results showed that K. punctatus' spawning ground were mainly distributed in central and north study area(from 33.0°N to 37.0°N).By comparison, the nursing ground shifted southward, which were approximately located along central and south coast of study area(from 31.7°N to 35.5°N). The optimal models identified that suitable SST, SSS and depth for eggs were 19–26°C, 25–30 and 9–23 m, respectively. The suitable SSS for larvae were 29–31. The K. punctatus spawning habit might have changed in the past decades, which was a response to increasing SST and fishing pressure. That needs to be proved in further study. The study provides references of conservation and exploitation for K. punctatus. 相似文献
50.