改革采煤方法防治底板突水

通过现场实测和室内研究表明,采煤技术因素对底板突水的影响很大。如何防治底板突水,这里指出了一条改革采煤方法的途径。     

古汉山井田地下水同位素组成特征研究

根据古汉山井田地下水中~3H、D、~(18)O和~(13)C等资料,建立了该井田鉴别主要含水层地下水的同位素标志,并对冲积层水、奥陶纪石灰岩水和煤系薄层石灰岩水之间的关系,以及矿井充水条件,做出了判断,为今后矿井基建、采矿中判别突水来源,提供了依据。     

煤矿地质灾害的弹性波探测技术

断层、老窑、陷落柱和煤层缺失等地质异常是煤矿潜在的地质灾害,因地质异常不清造成事故和生产停顿的事,在煤矿时有发生。我们根据弹性波对不同地质体之间密度和波传播速度等物性差异的敏感性,分析了纵波、横波、瑞利波和槽波在地层中的传播特性,研究了弹性波地震探测技术。包括探测仪器研制、资料采集和数据处理技术研究。并应用该技术从地面、井下巷道和工作面侧壁,在许多煤矿进行地质异常探测试验,取得明显效果,为煤矿建井、掘进和开采提供了可靠的地质保障,并为煤矿装备了有力的探测手段。     

A simple accelerated rock weathering method to predict acid generation kinetics

The development of effective, and economical pre-development waste rock management plans requires an accurate estimate of the quality of drainage generated during mining. This study was conducted to determine if a simple accelerated rock weathering method with lower capital and personnel costs can be used in lieu of the elaborate and costly ASTM method to predict the quality of drainage generated. It involves subjecting rock samples to a constant relative humidity and temperature for 7 days and leach flooding the weathered samples on the 7th day. The acid production rate from the new weathering method correlates quite well with the net neutralization potential generated from the standard acid-base accounting procedure (R²=0.940) which has been demonstrated to be correct 90% of the time in assessing overburden quality, and a mineralogical method (R²=0.924). For investigators interested in generating weathering kinetic parameters, the simple and less costly accelerated weathering method is proposed.     

基于FLO-2D的矿山泥石流运动特征及危险性评价——以甘肃省岷县簸箕沟矿山泥石流为例

岷县簸箕沟金矿因人类开采活动引发了矿山泥石流灾害. 采用FLO-2D软件模拟分析了降雨强度重现期50 a及100 a条件下的簸箕沟泥石流运动特征, 进行危险性评价和分区, 并结合实际发生情况做了精度验证. 结果表明: 簸箕沟泥石流的堆积扇范围、堆积深度以及平均流速等运动特征参数随着降雨重现周期的变长而增大, 堆积扇中部的堆积深度及流速明显大于两翼及前端. 泥石流的危险区集中分布于泥石流沟道以及沟口一定范围内. 随着降雨重现周期的变长, 高危险区面积比例由48%升高至54.0%. 通过精度验证得出模拟结果与实际情况基本相符, 可信度较高.     

帷幕注浆技术在钾镁盐矿风井病害治理中的应用

老挝甘猛省钾盐矿开采系统中风井穿过极易溶于水的光卤石及石盐岩岩层,建成后发现井壁后有溶腔现象,严重威胁风井的正常使用。为了确保井筒施工安全以及矿山生产正常进行,设计采用帷幕注浆对风井病害进行治理。采用自上而下孔口封闭式帷幕注浆工艺,边检查边注浆的施工方式,最终完成了对风井的加固和堵水工作。期间对光卤石及石盐层的胶结材料进行室内试验,确定了一种新型注浆材料——卤水+氧化镁浆液,并确立科学的注浆配合比。通过总结经验,为钾盐矿开采过程中防水、堵（治）水等工作的设计和施工积累了经验。     

Studies on the effect of burden width on blast-induced vibration in open-pit mines

This study concerns the correlation between burden and blast-induced vibrations in open-pit mines. For this purpose, two different mines were studied. In these mines, the vibrations caused by explosions at burdens having widths ranging from 3 to 14 m were measured from various distances. From the results, it was found for these cases that burden width has a significant impact on vibrations. Consequently, it was proven that vibrations decrease as burden increases.     

滇东上二叠统煤层煤岩特征及其对瓦斯涌出量的控制

基于滇东上二叠统赋煤区煤层的煤岩学特征、瓦斯含量、瓦斯涌出量及煤矿瓦斯事故统计分析,对研究区煤层的煤岩组成、煤体结构、煤炭筛分试验成果、煤层瓦斯含量和煤矿瓦斯涌出量进行了比对研究。研究表明：煤变质程度、显微煤岩组分、筛分粒级煤及煤的孔隙率等煤岩学特征控制了瓦斯的分布特征,并造成煤矿瓦斯涌出呈现区域性的差异;滇东上二叠统赋煤区瓦斯涌出类型可分为低煤阶均匀涌出型、中煤阶均匀涌出型、中煤阶非均匀突出型、高煤阶均匀涌出型和高煤阶非均匀突出型,且以中煤阶均匀涌出型为主。     

宁阳-汶上煤田鲁西井田岩浆岩特征及其对煤层煤质的影响

宁阳-汶上煤田鲁西井田内的岩浆顺煤层或煤层顶底板侵入,对煤层和煤质都有严重影响。该文分析研究了岩浆岩的侵入层位、层数、厚度、岩性及其矿物成分,初步探讨了岩浆岩的来源、地质时代及其对煤层、煤质的影响。     

SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在新余梅山煤矿易斜深孔防斜钻进中的应用

为了解决江西新余梅山煤矿深孔勘查中存在的孔斜问题,采用绳索取心液动锤钻进为主的防斜工艺,优化钻具结构组合,合理地选择钻进技术参数和措施,在该矿区取得了明显的减斜防斜效果。总结了SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在江西新余梅山煤矿勘查深孔施工中的防斜经验。