平邑县矿产资源开发远程监控系统的设计与实现

平邑县矿产资源开发远程监控系统建设是平邑县在科技管矿方面迈出的重要一步。该文论述了矿产资源开发远程监控系统的设计架构、系统的作用和特点、子系统的建设,为实现国土资源管理部门对矿山的全方位监管和矿政管理信息化的建设提供了有效的解决方案。     

Using multiple spectral feature analysis for quantitative pH mapping in a mining environment

The pH is one of the major chemical parameters affecting the results of remediation programs carried out at abandoned mines and dumps and one of the major parameters controlling heavy metal mobilization and speciation. This study is concerned with testing the feasibility of estimating surface pH on the basis of airborne hyperspectral (HS) data (HyMap). The work was carried on the Sokolov lignite mine, as it represents a site with extreme material heterogeneity and high pH gradients. First, a geochemical conceptual model of the site was defined. Pyrite, jarosite or lignite were the diagnostic minerals of very low pH (<3.0), jarosite in association with goethite indicated increased pH (3.0–6.5) and goethite alone characterized nearly neutral or higher pH (>6.5). It was found that these minerals have absorption feature parameters which are common for both forms, individual minerals as well as parts of the mixtures, while the shift to longer wavelengths of the absorption maximum centered between 0.90 and 1.00 μm is the main parameter that allows differentiation among the ferric minerals. The multi range spectral feature fitting (MRSFF) technique was employed to map the defined end-members indicating certain pH ranges in the HS image datasets. This technique was found to be sensitive enough to assess differences in the desired spectral parameters (e.g., absorption shape, depth and indirectly maximum absorption wavelength position). Furthermore, the regression model using the fit images, the results of MRSFF, as inputs was constructed (R² = 0.61, Rv² = 0.76) to estimate the surface pH. This study represents one of the few approaches employing image spectroscopy for quantitative pH modeling in a mining environment and the achieved results demonstrate the potential application of hyperspectral remote sensing as an efficient method for environmental monitoring.     

基于国产卫星数据的矿山遥感监测一体化解决方案——以西藏自治区为例

随着高分辨率国产遥感卫星数据的推广应用,矿山遥感监测必将成为该数据的重要应用领域之一。结合西藏自治区矿山遥感监测工作的特点,以资源一号02C(ZY-1 02C)及高分一号(GF-1)卫星影像为数据源,在ArcGIS环境下,提出并实现了从国产卫星遥感数据管理、增强与校正、信息提取、统计分析以及成果图制作等一体化解决方案。该研究成果有助于推进国产卫星遥感数据在矿山遥感监测领域的应用广度和深度,为大规模开展多期次动态矿山遥感监测工作提供技术支持和应用范例。     

基于MapObjects的矿井突水评估系统的开发与应用

本文针对矿井水文地质的实际情况,以组件式地理信息系统软件MapObjects2.4和面向对象的可视化编程工具Visual Basic 6.0构架的技术体系为基础,开发了一套方便、实用的矿井突水风险评估系统,实现了整个矿井水文地质数据(包括图形数据和属性数据)的存储、浏览和空间分析等功能,并在此基础上结合模糊综合评判等数学模型对矿井突水进行了评价预测和专题图制作。     

Phytoremediation of heavy metal‐contaminated water and sediment by Eleocharis acicularis

Phytoremediation is an environmental remediation technique that takes advantage of plant physiology and metabolism. The unique property of heavy metal hyperaccumulation by the macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis is of great significance in the phytoremediation of water and sediments contaminated by heavy metals at mine sites. In this study, a field cultivation experiment was performed to examine the applicability of E. acicularis to the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in the shoots of E. acicularis were 20 200 mg Cu/kg, 14 200 mg Zn/kg, 1740 mg As/kg, 894 mg Pb/kg, and 239 mg Cd/kg. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the shoots correlate with their concentrations in the soil in a log‐linear fashion. The bioconcentration factor for these elements decreases log‐linearly with increasing concentration in the soil. The results indicate the ability of E. acicularis to hyperaccumulate Cu, Zn, As, and Cd under natural conditions, making it a good candidate species for the phytoremediation of water contaminated by heavy metals.     

Distribution and speciation of mercury in soil in the area of an ancient mercury ore roasting site,Frbejžene trate (Idrija area,Slovenia)

In the initial period of mining activities in the Idrija basin (the16^th and the first half of the17^th centuries), Hg ore processing was performed at various small-scale roasting sites in the woods surrounding Idrija, by roasting ore in earthen vessels. The recovery rate of this method was very low; about half of Hg was lost, causing soil contamination and considerable amounts of waste material that could potentially leach Hg into the surrounding environment. The main aims of present geochemical study were to determine the contents, vertical distribution and speciation of Hg in soils at the roasting site at Frbej?ene trate in order to verify the extreme pollution of ancient Hg ore roasting sites in the Idrija area and to establish their significance in the wider spatial contamination of soils and aquatic systems. Soil sampling was performed at the area of the former roasting site. The organic matter-rich surface soil layer (SOM) and underlying mineral soil were sampled at 63 sampling locations. Mercury speciation was performed using Hg thermo-desorption-AAS to distinguish cinnabar from potentially bioavailable forms. The results indicate extremely high Hg concentrations with a maximum of 37,000 mg/kg in SOM and 19,900 mg/kg in mineral soil. The established Hg median in soil was 370 mg/kg and in SOM 96.3 mg/kg. Spatial distributions of Hg in SOM and soil showed very high Hg contents in the central area and decreased rapidly with distance. The results of Hg thermo-desorption measurements indicated the presence of cinnabar (HgS) and Hg bound to organic or mineral soil matter. A significant portion (35–40%) of Hg in the investigated soil and SOM samples was comprised of non-cinnabar compounds, which are potentially bioavailable. It has been shown that soils contain high amounts of potentially transformable non-cinnabar Hg, which is available for surface leaching and runoff into the surrounding environment. Therefore, contaminated soils and roasted residues at the studied area are important for persistent Hg release into the aquatic ecosystem.     

湖南省矿山地质环境监测体系及制度建设

湖南省已开展的矿山地质环境监测工作尚未形成体系,时效性不高,连续性不强.但从法律法规、监管体系、地质环境数据和高新监测技术方面考察,体系建设已经可行.研究按照”简单、实用、高效”的原则,结合实际情况,考察建设该体系的组织结构体系、技术路线、职责与分工、数据汇交制度、质量控制制度及保障措施,提出建立以矿山企业自主监测为主...     

陀螺仪定向纠斜法在中关铁矿区的应用实践

中关铁矿是20世纪60年代中期探明的储量为9300万t的矿区,因地下水位埋藏深,排水难度大,为防止开采成本大和影响生态环境,决定采用帷幕灌浆方法解决治水问题。帷幕灌浆工程的试验孔对钻孔垂直度要求很高,全孔段孔斜不能大于2 m,防斜、纠斜成一大难题,实践中摸索出陀螺仪定向纠斜法并获得成功。     

SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在新余梅山煤矿易斜深孔防斜钻进中的应用

为了解决江西新余梅山煤矿深孔勘查中存在的孔斜问题,采用绳索取心液动锤钻进为主的防斜工艺,优化钻具结构组合,合理地选择钻进技术参数和措施,在该矿区取得了明显的减斜防斜效果。总结了SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在江西新余梅山煤矿勘查深孔施工中的防斜经验。     

“松子山构造区”滑覆构造特征浅析

本文通过介绍＂松子山构造区＂的构造特征,总结出滑覆构造是其主要表现形式,研究了构造形态。