High exposure of Chinese mercury mine workers to elemental mercury vapor and their increased hair methylmercury levels： A preliminary report

Objectives： To assess the exposure to elemental mercury （Hg0） vapor and methylmercury （MeHg） among mercury mine workers in an area of Guizhou Province, China. Methods： Urine total mercury （THg） and hair THg and MeHg were measured in 26 mercury miners and smelters （i.e., exposed group）, and 52 control subjects （unexposed group）. Results： The mine workers showed high geometric mean THg concentrations in urine （258 ng/mL, 226 μg/g creatinine） and hair （20.0 μg/g）. The urine Hg level of smelters, in particular, was extremely high （338 μg/g creatinine in urine）. The highest urine THg reached 4580 μg/g creatinine. THg concentrations in urine and hair showed a significant correlation in the exposed group （r=0.62）, indicating the adhesion of HgO vapor to hair. However, no such significant correlation was found in the control group.     

Distribution of uranium and thorium in Irtysh River and the upriver wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it

Uranium and Th are important radioactive elements. Most studies were focused on their environmental impact from uranium deposits and mining sites. But other sorts of mines such as rare metals mines are associated highly with uranium and thorium, too. In China, the Irtysh River is the only river that runs into the Arctic Ocean. The famous Koktokay rare metal pegmatite deposit is located in the headwater region of this river and has been exploited for several decades. The waste ore piled along the riverside as long as several kilometers. The wastewater flom the concentrating plant is discharged into the river directly. In addition, uranium and thorium can be leached from the waste ore into the river in the weathering process. So it is necessary to study the uranium and thorium distribution in the branch and trunk streams of the Irtysh River and the wastewater from the mining site impact on it. In this study, the contents of uranium and thorium in water samples from the Irtysh River and rare metal mine wastewater have been detected directly with ICP-MS. Uranium and thorium distribution and geochemical behaviors in the Irtysh River basin have been studied. The environmental uranium and thorium pollution status in the Irtysh River and wastewater from a rare metal mine impact on it have also been evaluated. The study shows that uranium and thorium contents in wastewater from a rare metal mine are as high as 78.311 μg/L and 0.627 μg/L, respectively, so we should also pay attention to the radioactive pollution from the rare metal mine. The average contents of U and Th in the branch streams of the Irtysh River are 0.572 μg/L and 0.015 μg/L, respectively. At the mean time, in the trunk of the Irtysh River, average thorium content is 0.019 μg/L while U is up to 2.234 μg/L, much higher than the average content （0.0309 μg/L） of the world rivers. From upstream to downstream in the trunk of the Irtysh River, thorium content declines gradually due to dilution by other branches and deposition itself.     

地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展

综述了煤矿安全对于地球物理应用的需求,以及近年来地震学在煤矿减轻地质灾害的应用进展,特别是微震监测分析在若干典型煤矿应用得到的初步成果。这些成果不但对于煤矿安全具有重要意义,而且对于认识构造地震成因和验证预测方法,也具有中尺度试验意义。     

对矿类专业毕业生“断层”现象的思考与对策

在社会经济体制转型的过程中,矿类专业毕业生出现了人才的“断层”现象。通过对矿类专业人才“断层”现象形成的原因进行分析,认为缓解目前矿类专业人才短缺现象,要以矿山为主体采取内培外引、努力服务、“订单式”培养方式,长期克服类似的人才“断层”现象要以高校为主体,主动调整专业结构和招生规模,培养复合型人才校企合作,多形式、多渠道培养企业所需人才。     

找矿哲学在紫金矿业中的应用

随着地表找矿难度的日益加大,目前的找矿目标应从以地表找矿为主转到地下找矿为主,这就需要有更高层次的找矿哲学作指导来提高找矿的成功率。紫金矿业合理利用废弃的毛石充分体现了找矿哲学思想,这样做提高了企业效益,再通过联合经营使资源枯竭型矿山企业走上可持续发展之路。     

矿井水有效利用与合理开发的探讨

通过对羊草沟煤矿区水资源供需情况及矿井水排放利用情况的调查,指出羊草煤矿对矿井水利用存在的一些问题并提出政策性建议。同时,对羊草煤矿区应该实施矿井水资源的拟建利用项目方案进行构想,表明对矿井水资源的有效利用与合理开发是摆在我们面前的一个非常紧迫和具有重大意义的现实问题。     

确定含水层给水度新方法

给水度是矿井水文地质中的重要参数。对影响给水度的因素进行了综合分析,对给水度研究方法予以评价,结合试验研究,提出了一种更适合煤矿的测定含水层在天然状态下给水度的方法。     

我国煤矿安全问题浅议

我国煤矿频发的矿难已成为我国煤矿安全生产的“老大难”问题，它不停地拷问着我国目前煤矿安全监察的有效性，并由此暴露出了我国目前煤炭行业管理体制中存在的诸多问题，从而敦促我们加快对煤炭行业管理体制及煤炭科学技术领域的研究和投入。     

利用多井干扰法预算湖南省煤炭坝矿区矿井涌水量

在阐述煤炭坝矿区水文地质条件的基础上，利用势的霍加原理建立了水文地质模型，并以此建立了相应的数学模型。在各矿井多年排水量的基础上求出各矿井相对边界作用点的引用渗透系数Ki及Kmax，根据水文地质模型设计的已知的参数，将数学模型简化为多元一次方程组。进而求解得矿井开拓延深后矿区各矿井的涌水量。