青州市实施废弃矿坑治理性开采的探讨

废弃矿坑治理是落实绿色发展、循环发展、低碳发展工作理念的一项重要内容。青州市人民政府结合该市实际,认真落实节约集约和资源优先战略,在废弃矿坑治理方面进行了有力的探索,走出了一条资源节约集约和高效利用的新路子,为全市露天采矿权监管和低丘缓坡未利用土地开发利用工作提供了有益借鉴。     

重庆青鹏煤矿-200m水平突水水源分析

青鹏煤矿位于重庆市沙坪坝区青木关镇及壁山县壁城镇,已开采50余年.随着开采水平的延深,矿井地下水流场发生了相应的变化,改变了地下水原有的补、径、排条件.2012年2月,青鹏煤矿-200m水平-22103运输巷施工过程中,碛头煤层(M2)顶板裂隙突水造成局部淹井事故.通过地面及井下水文地质调查以及采取地表水、泉水、矿井水样进行水质分析,指出矿井突水水源由须家河组裂隙水、采空区积水和嘉陵江组灰岩岩溶裂隙水的越流补给3部分组成.为矿井防治水提供了水文地质依据.     

Numerical modeling of groundwater inflow from a confined aquifer into Sangan open pit mine,northeast Iran

Numerical models are useful in the evaluation of the interaction between groundwater systems and mining activities. They can be successfully used to predict the quantity of inflow into open pits and to design an appropriate dewatering system. In this paper, a two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element model called SEEP/W has been used to predict the groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine (anomaly north C). The Sangan iron mine is located at 280 km south-east of Mashhad, Iran, in arid and warm climate conditions wherein precipitation is generally limited. The water inflow to the pit is mainly from a confined aquifer, mainly by horizontal flow in the upper layers and vertical flow at the pit bottom. The results of the numerical model of the ground water inflow are presented and compared with those obtained from Theis, Cooper-Jacob and Jacob-Lohman analytical solutions. Ground water inflow monitoring was also carried out in a trial excavation at the Sangan mine in order to calibrate the model. The model was then used to predict groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine during its advancement. This model provides valuable information for designing an appropriate dewatering system.     

An analytical solution for the nonlinear distribution of effective and total stresses in vertical backfilled stopes

The increasing use of backfill in underground mines requires a proper evaluation of the stress state in and around the filled openings. This is, however, a relatively complex issue due, in part, to the large contrast in strength and stiffness between the backfill material and surrounding rock mass. In recent years, it has been shown that arching theory, based on limit equilibrium analysis, can be used to estimate the stress distribution in backfilled stopes. Nonetheless, many simplifications are involved in such analytical solutions and this affects the precision and significance of the calculated results. In this paper, a previously developed solution is enhanced by introducing the combined effects of non-uniform vertical stress distribution and positive pore water pressure. This leads to a more representative analytical solution, as demonstrated by successful comparisons with numerical simulations. The results indicate that the proposed solution can be used to estimate the effective and total stress state in submerged or partially submerged backfilled stopes with a simple geometry.     

青海野马泉矿区岩石可钻性的分析和应用

青海野马泉整装勘查矿区在以往的钻探生产中施工难度大,钻头寿命短,提下钻频繁,导致施工周期长,成本高。由于矿区岩石的可钻性不明,钻头适用效果差。通过现场调研、采集岩样,进行室内试验测试（包括薄片分析,XRD测试等）,获得了石英含量、石英粒度、长石含量、长石粒度等数据,通过分析计算确定了矿区的岩石可钻性,据此设计选用了钻头。野外试验表明,钻头钻进效果好、性价比高。     

基于层次分析法的矿山岩土工程系统环境质量多目标评价模型

矿山开发给矿区环境带来了负面影响,对矿山环境质量进行评价是实现矿业可持续发展的必要手段。笔者建立了矿山岩土工程环境质量多目标评价指标体系,运用层次分析法确定出各个评价指标的权重; 规定了分级规则,并对各个评价指标进行了分级; 建立了矿山岩土工程体系环境质量多目标综合评价模型,并将该模型应用于矿山实际,得出该矿山环境质量较差,需及时采取措施进行治理。     

洼东煤矿软岩巷道支护方式选择

结合山东龙口洼东煤矿软岩巷道支护实践,通过主要含煤地层的物理力学性质分析和软岩岩层的工程地质特征研究,指出随着开采深度的增加,巷道围岩应力和变形量明显增大、返修率高,成为影响巷道层位及其支护方式选择的主要因素,应采取符合围岩工程地质特征和力学机制特点的联合支护方法取代单一支护。研究结果对软岩巷道支护具有一定的指导意义。     

区域地质调查与资源勘查高精度磁测找矿效果——以青海尕林格矿区为例

青海尕林格铁矿区地表有近200 m厚的第四系覆盖层,地质工作几乎无法开展,加之钻井控制有限,增加了该区勘探的难度。笔者在前人工作的基础上,运用小波多尺度方法分析了该区的平面磁异常,发现小波一阶、二阶细节突出了3线附近的断裂特征,同时对3线设计剖面作正演计算,也表明该剖面处在断裂位置。该推断已经被钻探验证。另外小波四阶细节（场源似深度456 m）表现为区域场特征,推断该区深度456 m以下存在磁铁矿体的可能不大,对位于异常中心的5号地质剖面的正演计算没有发现剩余异常,也映证了该区深部没有隐伏铁矿体。小波多尺度分析与2.5维人机交互反演技术等综合方法技术的应用,加深了对该区磁异常特征的认识,可以为钻孔布置提供有力的佐证。     

煤矿区城市矿物气溶胶的SEM-EDX特征分析

采集煤矿区城市义马、平顶山、永城夏季大气PM₁₀样品,采用带能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)研究了PM₁₀中的矿物颗粒组成、成因及来源。结果表明,矿区矿物颗粒按化学成分共有5种主要类型,分别为"富Si"、"富Ca"、"富S"、"富K"、"富Cl"型。其中平顶山地区"富Si"颗粒占百分比最高(78%),矿物颗粒硫酸盐化程度小;永城地区硫酸盐化程度中等,几乎所有的"富Ca"碱性碳酸盐颗粒都硫酸盐化成石膏;义马地区矿物硫酸盐化程度最大,除石膏以外,还有一定量硫酸铵形成。永城和义马地区还出现了一定量的"富K"(12.7%)和"富Cl"(10.6%)颗粒,与秸秆焚烧活动有关。通过对3个矿区城市PM₁₀硫酸盐化程度对比可以发现,偏碱性的碳酸盐矿物、煤炭燃烧和秸秆焚烧燃烧释放出大量的酸性SO₂以及较高的空气湿度,均有利于硫酸盐化的进行,硫酸盐颗粒的形成对煤矿区城市的区域性气候具有一定影响。     

表生环境下闪锌矿氧化反应模拟实验

采用混合流反应器装置,进行了表生环境条件下闪锌矿氧化动力学模拟实验研究,选择Fe³⁺和O₂为氧化剂,实验条件为:温度20～55℃,pH=1.0～7.8、氧化剂Fe³⁺浓度1.0×10^-5～1.0×10^-2 mol/L,氧气流量0.5 L/min。实验结果表明,在Fe³⁺为氧化剂时,闪锌矿氧化速率随着Fe³⁺浓度的增加、温度升高、pH值降低而增加,且氧化过程中Zn和Cd的释放速率大致相同,其反应的活化能分别为Ea(Zn) 41.75 kJ/mol或Ea(Cd) 42.51 kJ/mol,表明闪锌矿氧化速率主要受矿物表面反应控制;而以氧气作为氧化剂时,随着pH值的变化闪锌矿的氧化机理发生变化,在pH值小于5.95范围内,闪锌矿氧化速率随着pH值的增加而降低,进入碱性范围后,随着pH值增加,闪锌矿氧化速率反而增加。对实验数据进行双对数处理并建立了闪锌矿的氧化速率公式。