天然石膏及其开发利用研究进展

在总结天然石膏的矿物特征及其开发利用发展变化的基础上，重点介绍了其开发利用研究的主要进展，即利用天然石膏制备超高强石膏材料、硫酸钙晶须、石膏超细粉，以及介绍了天然石膏先进的煅烧设备——Peter磨和单转子锤式烘干机。     

Flow threads in surface run‐off: implications for the assessment of flow properties and friction coefficients in soil erosion and hydraulics investigations

Soil surface microtopography produces non‐uniform surface run‐off, in which narrow threads of relatively deep and fast ?ow move within broader, shallower, slower‐moving regions. This kind of ?ow is probably widespread, given that microtopography is itself common. Methods used to record the properties of surface run‐off include grid‐ or transect‐based depth observations, with a single mean ?ow speed derived by calculation from V = Q/WD, and the use of dye timing to estimate velocity, with an effective mean depth calculated from D = Q/WV. Because these methods allow only single, ?ow‐?eld mean values to be derived for V or D, neither is well suited to non‐uniform ?ows. The use of depth data to derive a ?ow‐?eld mean V furthermore implicitly applies area weighting to the depth data; likewise, the use of dye speeds for V inherently overestimates mean V because dye dominantly follows the faster ?ow threads. The associated errors in derived parameters such as friction coef?cients are not readily quanti?ed and appear not to have been addressed previously. New ?eld experiments made on untilled soil surfaces in arid western NSW, Australia, explore these circumstances and the implications for deriving meaningful measures of ?ow properties, including friction coef?cients. On surfaces deliberately chosen for their very subtle microtopography, average thread velocities are shown to be commonly 2·5 times greater than the ?ow‐?eld mean, and locally 6–7 times greater. On the other hand, non‐thread ?ow speeds lie below the ?ow‐?eld mean, on average reaching only 84 per cent of this value, and often considerably less. Flow‐?eld means conceal the existence of regions of the ?ow ?eld whose properties are statistically distinct. Results con?rm that a reliance on ?ow‐?eld average depths yields estimates of friction coef?cients that are biased toward the shallower, high‐roughness parts of the ?ow, while if dye speeds are relied upon the results are biased toward the deeper, smoother threads of ?ow. A new approach to the evaluation of friction coef?cients in non‐uniform ?ows is advanced, involving the determination of separate coef?cients for threads and non‐thread zones of the ?ow ?eld. In contrast, ?ow‐?eld friction coef?cients as they are customarily derived in run‐off plot experiments subsume these distinct coef?cients in proportions that are generally unknown. The value of such coef?cients is therefore questionable. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论煤炭地勘单位企业化进程的主要难点与对策

从分析阻碍地勘单位企业化进程中存在的体制、资源、职工信心和矿业权归属等主要难点问题入手,提出了继续争取国家政策扶持、事企彻底分离、加大产权制度的改革力度、加快企业重组、加快人事制度改革、以及依托大集团优势达到壮大企业经济规模的相应对策.     

随机序列轮长与轮次的统计规律

平稳随机序列的轮次,服从二阶线性齐次差分方程。其中,独立序列的差分方程以状态发生的平均概率为二重特征根,并能用先验条件确定差分方程通解中的常数。非独立序列的差分方程有二个相异的特征根,需根据样本资料来确定差分方程通解中的常数。经用干旱序列及实测水文序列检验,证实了方法的适用性。     

NTSC的双混频时差测量系统试运转结果分析

中国科学院国家授时中心(NTSC)新进口的由德国Timetech公司制造的双混频时差测量系统(dual mixer time difference system,DMTD)已经通过了试运行。介绍了DMTD的工作原理和设备结构。NTSC时频基准实验室的主钟(MC)信号作为DMTD的频率参考信号,5个氢钟和18个铯钟的频率信号作为被测信号与MC信号进行相位比对。用频率分配放大器输出的多路MC信号也作为被测信号用以监测DMTD本身的精度和稳定度。给出了DMTD和时间间隔计数器TIC实际测量结果的比较及误差分析。测量结果表明DMTD特别适用于频率短期稳定度非常高的氢原子钟这样的频标之间的频率和时间比对。该设备将用于NTSC的守时工作,不久的将来也将用于铯喷泉与氢钟的频率比对。     

雷蒙磨粉机在铜镍铂（族）矿石标准物质制备中的应用

介绍了雷蒙磨粉机原理。采用雷蒙磨粉机，对不同含量铜镍铂（族）矿石标准样品加工至粒度小于0．074mm。选择合适的磨球和样品质量比，球磨机磨-混24～72h。样品经粒度筛分试验、均匀度及稳定性检验，证明其中被检验元素分布均匀。     

黄河宁蒙河段封河和开河预报方法初探

利用气象和水文等实测资料，在系统地分析黄河上游宁蒙河段凌汛特征及物理成因的基础上，选取与封、开河预报因子密切相关的因素进行统计分析发现：影响封河最主要因素是气温的变化，旬平均温度〈-5℃，河流封冻；开河无确定的临界气温指标，而与隆冬1—2月累积负积温有明显负相关性。利用车贝雪夫多项式展开得到预报因子，采用数理统计逐步回归分析方法进行分析计算，分别建立了宁蒙河段封、开河日趋势统计预报模型。预报结果验证具有较好的预报效果。     

地勘单位企业化改革的理性思考——东北煤田地质局一0七队产权制度改革的启示

东北煤田地质局107队通过资本运作，职工参股，资本量化，产权多元，股本流动等多种形式，试行模拟改制，调动了投资者、经营者、劳动者三方面的积极性，为推动地勘单位的企业化改革进程积累了一定的经验。     

复杂地层取心钻进堵心原因分析及其预防措施

复杂地层取心钻进时极易发生堵心,严重影响回次进尺长度及取心钻进效率。本文对复杂地层钻进时易出现的堵心问题进行了分析和整理,总结了易堵心地层特征,开展了堵心原因分析,在此基础上,从取心钻头、取心钻具、冲洗液性能及取心钻进工艺方面给出了堵心预防措施。     

Response Surface Modeling and Optimization of Microwave‐Activated Persulfate Oxidation of Olive Oil Mill Wastewater

Olive oil mill wastewater (OMW) is environmentally hazardous not only because it contains high recalcitrant and toxic compounds, but also due to its high organic load and turbidity. In this study, oxidation of OMW by microwave (MW)‐activated persulfate is investigated. Box–Behnken design is applied to investigate the effects of operating conditions on operating cost, organic matter, and color removal. Multi response optimization is performed according to minimum operating cost, maximum organic matter and color removal efficiencies. At optimum conditions (persulfate anion dose of 266 g L^?1, oxidation duration of 23.58 min, MW power of 567 W, and initial pH 2), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 63.38%, color removal of 94.85%, and operating cost of 0.0633 Euro/g total organic carbon (TOC) removal are found. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅)/COD ratio is increased from 0.144 to 0.285. Results of Pareto analysis show individual effect of MW power is 92.81% for TOC removal, 15.52% for color removal, 68.99% for operating cost, respectively. According to the results, it is not recommended to use this process as an ultimate treatment unit due to the high amount of oxidizing agent consumed. Instead, it is recommended to be used as a pre‐ or post‐treatment step.