东海西湖凹陷应力场数值模拟及其应用研究

石油和天然气是流体矿产,其最大特征具有运移性。构造应力与油气运移密切相关。引起地质环境、圈闭条件、应力状态改变的动力是构造应力场。盆地沉陷、隆起、断裂构造等都是不同特点的应力状态作用下的地质痕迹。高应力区围限下的低应力区,一般是有利的储油储气构造位置。本文在东海西湖凹陷中央背斜带及其邻区构造地质、石油地质研究的基础上,对平湖组、花港组、龙井组目的层在中新世晚期的应力状态进行了数值模拟,进而分析了应力场与油气运聚的关系,研究结果与构造地质、石油地质分析结论相一致,对油气勘探开发具有指导意义。      

纵横波独立成像的弹性波逆时偏移方法

本文采用逆时递推,在空间域完成纵横波分离,同时实现了位移场成像和纵、横波的独立成像。模拟数据与实际资料试算表明,对纵波和横波分别成像不仅有理论意义,而且有明显的应用价值。文中还就偏移速度对成像结果的影响和实际资料的预处理问题进行了讨论。     

基于模型约束的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度成像

与时间域偏移方法比较,叠前深度偏移成像方法能够适应剧烈横向速度变化、陡倾角反射的地震资料。本文通过研究Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移方法成像原理,首先建立初始速度模型;然后在初始速度模型中加入了目标地质体--盐丘作为层位,对初始速度模型进行优化,在层位的约束下通过多次迭代计算,对优化前后的两个速度模型求取旅行时差更新初始速度模型;最后利用更新后的初始速度模型进行Kirchhoff积分法叠前成像。叠前时间偏移和模型约束下的Kirchhoff积分法叠前深度偏移成像结果显示,后者成像具有更高的信噪比和分辨率。     

黄土高原450kaBP前后荒漠草原大迁移研究

1IntroductionChinese loess has been studied by a lot of researchers and its important scientific significance is realized in restoring the Quaternary environment and correlating the climatic changes between oceans and continents (An etal., 1985; Kukla, 19…     

Broadband synthetic aperture borehole radar interferometry

Trials in mines have established that wideband VHF borehole radars (BHR), working in the 10–100-MHz band, can be used to probe the rockmass between boreholes over ranges from <5 m to as much as 150 m with submeter resolution. There is evidence that ore bodies reflect these radar signals both specularly and diffusely, much as the ground/air interface does when overflown by synthetic aperture radar (SAR). In both SAR and BHR, multiple flight lines, together with diffuse reflections admit the possibility of developing interferometric 3D images of the object. This paper examines the possibility of imaging buried objects in three dimensions by interferometrically combining broadband VHF borehole radar profiles shot in adjacent pairs of boreholes. Broadbanding in BHR has the advantage of releasing the image from 2nπ phase ambiguities, but practically, interferometric borehole radar (InBHR) needs high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) to avoid noise capture. This means that 3D InBHR is limited to ranges in wavelengths which are less than the rock's attenuation factor Q. Interferometric methods are developed which are capable of mapping ore bodies and other structures in three dimensions. Tangent plane migration methods are developed here in order to reconstruct surfaces that lie in the near-field of sparse interferometric arrays.     

Metropolitan growth and the mobility and immobility of skilled and creative couples across the life course

The human capital and creative class hypotheses argue that the agglomeration of skilled and creative people is key to economic growth. Migration is assumed to play an important role in forming these agglomerations. However, the results of this study indicate that while younger cohorts of skilled and creative individuals are highly mobile, skilled and creative couples are highly immobile. This research hypothesizes that it is these relatively immobile skilled and creative couples that are behind the link between urban growth and concentrations of skill and creativity. Indeed, this analysis finds a strong empirical link between concentrations of skilled couples, but not creative class couples, and economic growth. Public policies designed to increase the size of the skilled population should be directed at retaining younger cohorts long enough for them to develop the local networks upon which spillover effects rely.     

Heavy metals in some New Zealand commercial sea fishes

To establish a base line against which future pollution may be measured, eight common commercial species of New Zealand sea fish were analysed for cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, and zinc. One sample of edible muscle tissue was analysed for each of 70 samples of each species. The internal organs of up to five specimens of each species were also analysed. The fish studied were: kahawai, Arripis trutta, trevally, Caranx lutescens, tarakihi, Cheilodactylis macropterus, snapper, Chrysophrys auratus, moki, Latridopsis ciliaris, hapuku, Polyprion oxygeneios, kingfish, Seriola grandis and gurnard, Trigla kumu.

Although, none of the edible parts of the fish appeared to have trace element levels likely to be a public health problem (cadmium 0.002–0.02 ppm, chromium 0.01–0.04 ppm, copper 0.04–0.95 ppm, iron 0.9–13.5 ppm, lead ‘ 0.14–0.95 ppm, manganese 0.04–2.00 ppm, nickel 0.01–0.08 ppm, zinc 2.0–36.0 ppm), some of the organs (particularly the liver) had relatively high concentrations of elements such as cadmium (up to 54 ppm). Only if some industry were to seek to exploit internal organs of fish for human consumption would such levels become important. There was some evidence for a relationship between trace element concentrations and fish size for copper in kingfish and snapper, iron in hapuku, manganese in gurnard, and for zinc in kingfish and tarakihi. Some element pairs such as copper and zinc, iron and manganese, appeared to have concentrations which were mutually related. It was assumed that the elemental concentrations reported represent natural levels and are not the result of significant man‐made pollution because there are no major industries or large urban centres adjacent to the fishing grounds.     

Application of Organic Inclusions in Offshore Oil—Gas Exploration

Studies of organic inclusions from the offshore oil and gas fields provide much information about the number of times,temperature,depth,time and phase state of oil-gas migration,as well as about the composition of organic inclusions.On the basis of the type,character,composition and distribution of organic inclusions in the Zhu-Ⅲ Depression at the Pearl River Mouth,information can be developed about the source rocks of oil and gas,and their evolution and migration.     

不整合运移通道类型及输导油气特征

在对不整合空间结构特征研究的基础上,提出了油气沿不整合运移的通道类型:宏观上,存在由不整合面之上底砾岩和不整合面之下半风化岩石两种高效运载层组合成的双运移通道型和单运移通道型两种通道类型;微观上,底砾岩连通孔隙、半风化岩石构造卸荷风化裂缝系统及溶蚀孔洞系统可作为油气运移的主要通道。通过对不整合面上、下岩石物性分析,认为半风化岩石“孔洞缝”系统较底砾岩连通孔隙有更高的输导油气的能力。研究结果表明,不同的运移通道类型具有不同的输导油气特征。在地史时期,构造裂缝系统和溶蚀孔洞系统一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道;对于软地层构成的不整合来说,开始应是卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙共同构成不整合输导油气的主要通道,当上覆沉积载荷达到一定程度后,主要是底砾岩连通孔隙起输导油气通道作用;对于脆硬地层构成的不整合来说,卸荷、风化裂缝系统和底砾岩连通孔隙一直是不整合输导油气的主要通道。     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20140890 Bai Ru(National Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China);Zhang Jingong Characteristics of Pore Character and Its Controls of Chang 6Reservoir of Zhiluo Oilfield(Journal of Northwest University,ISSN1000-274X,CN61-1072/N,