Vertical distribution of the dominant planktonic crustaceans in a mesotrophic reservoir, Xujiahe reservoir (central China)

The day and night vertical distributions of the dominant planktonic crustaceans in Xujiahe Reservoir were investigated on July 7, 1998. Sampling was carried out at Station D in the upstream region, Doupuohe, and Stations LI and LII in the downstream region, Lujiaodao. At Station D and Station LI, Leptodora kindti showed diel vertical migrations. In Daphnia galeata and Diaphanosoma dubia a limited reverse diel vertical migration was found at Station D, and large individuals tended to stay in lower layers during the day. Neutrodiaptomus incongruens seemed to avoid the water column of 0–6 m by day, but a detectable proportion of the population moved upwards at night. Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides showed a clearly defined diel vertical migration behavior at all three stations. The vertical distribution of Thermocyclops crassus was similar at different stations: in daylight hours it was found almost exclusively in the water column below 6 m and during the night a significant proportion of the population shifted upwards.     

Partitioning of heavy metals on soil samples from column tests

In this study, column tests were used to determine the retention capability of three types of estuarine alluvia collected adjacent to landfill sites in South Wales. Selective sequential extraction (SSE) was used to study the retention mechanisms of heavy metals in the soil columns obtained from leaching experiments. Acid digestion was later used to check the validity of the SSE results. Breakthrough curves show good retention of heavy metal ions (Pb, Cu, and Zn) by all soils, where almost 99% of heavy metals were retained with the C_e/C_o values in the order of 10⁻³. The retention strength of these soils was observed to be constant up to five pore volumes (PV). This corresponds with the pH of the effluents and pore water of soil slices, which also show good buffering capacity against very acidic leachate up to 5PV. The heavy metal extraction profiles from SSE show very similar trends with the retention profiles from the leaching experiments, where heavy metals were retained mainly at the top part where the leachate entered the column. SSE indicates qualitatively that heavy metals precipitated with carbonates and amorphous materials (oxides/hydroxides) are higher than heavy metal retention via exchangeable mechanisms. The mass balance calculation gives range of deviation of 1–16% of the total soil extraction. The distribution of the heavy metals with various soil constituents are ranked in the following order: Carbonates>Amorphous oxides hydroxides>Organic matter>Exchangeable phases.     

澜沧-耿马等强震迁移活动与地电前兆场时空关系

研究1988年11月至1990年10月近2a时间内,在22°～36°N,98°～104°E地区连发性的5次6级以上迁移地震与地电前兆的时空关系。结果表明,这组连发性迁移强震发生之前,地电前兆在南北两地区观测到两个应力相对集中区。随着南部系统内应力不断向北调整,发生了多次强震。这组连发性的强震孕育,包括它们各自前兆场分布和发育,彼此并不是孤立的,而是彼此呼应的。     

射线追踪的微变网格方法

本文给出一种适用于叠前数据速度分析和叠前深度偏移的快速射线追踪方法──微变网格法；该方法不仅精度高，而且计算速度极快，可适用于当前计算条件下的地球介质速度反演和叠前深度偏移成像的要求．     

三维叠后差分偏移的因子分解法

提出一种三维叠后偏移的一步差分方法，称为因子分解法．差分格式是二阶精度的隐式格式，求解方法与通常一步差分偏移不同，不采用分步法交替求解。ｘ－ｙ方向的二维问题，而是采用因子分解法，将求解的差分方程分解为向前因子和向后因子，从而在一次扫描中同时完成ｘ－ｙ方向的正递归和反递归．为了抑制边界反射，采用了吸收边界条件，给出了理论合成记录和实际记录的偏移结果，数值试验表明该方法具有较好的精度和较高的计算效率．     

波动方程三维吸收边界分解与拟合深度偏移方法

在偏移问题中引入吸收边界条件，既可以消除由人工边界激发的虚假反射，从而提高剖面质量。又可以减少计算工作量．本文讨论了三维吸收边界条件方程，提出了求解具有吸收边界条件的三维波动方程偏移定解问题的分解与拟合方法。理论分析与合成记录及野外实际地震资料处理结果表明，本文方法为一有效的三维吸收边界深度偏移方法。     

东亚石炭-二叠纪有孔虫迁移与海水进退规程的相关模式

亚洲东部石炭-二叠纪生物地层，沿北纬42°左右存在一条质变线。此线南北海水进退呈现互为消长的关系，反映了海水南北方向的4次活动过程：早石炭世早与早二叠世，自南而北；中晚石炭世与晚二叠世，自北而南。生物最低层位的变化情况，反映了生物也经历了相应的南北方向的4次迁移过程。这种迁移可能与气候的冷暖变化有关，而海水运动可能源于地球自转速率的不均衡，甚至气候的变化最终也是地球自转不均衡的结果。     

广西中强地震迁移的探讨

据广西有史记载的地震资料表明:广西的中强地震存在明显的迁移规律。即逐步地由桂东北向桂西南迁移的规律。     

对全球大地震预测的验证与分析

1980年,笔者应用地震对称迁移图象预测了全球大地震,其中包括12项主要预测意见和5项补充预测意见。近十年间,大多数预测意见已获得令人满意的效果。这说明作为一种新方法,对称迁移图象可能对地震长期预测的实践具有重要意义。