Postrevolutionary land encroachments in Cairo: Rhizomatic urban space making and the line of flight from illegality

After the January 2011 revolution, new and unpermitted constructions on previously empty land went up across Cairo at striking speed. This paper explores a case of such land encroachments carried out by waste collectors in the neighbourhood of Manshiet Nasser in Cairo, Egypt. It begins with theoretical debates about the production of urban space, arguing that the de Certeauian paradigm, in which urban marginals poach or hijack others' spaces evanescently, fails to account for the way such encroachments produce permanent new spaces rhizomatically alongside the pre‐existing order. The paper then turns to a close examination of the events in Manshiet Nasser. Although in a broad view the actors are marginals living in the ‘informal’ city, the conditions enabling the encroachments were such that only the wealthiest and most powerful members of the ‘community’ benefitted. In a context of generalized ‘illegality’, the squatters rely on practical norms and de facto recognitions to obtain some degree of tenure security. Since these efforts rely on and play off legal norms even as the squatters violate them, the paper argues that property rights in this context should be understood not in classificatory terms based on the legal/illegal binary, but rather through a trajectory of ‘becoming‐legal’: a ‘line of flight’ that approaches legality asymptotically.     

Geographies of U.S. Police Militarization and the Role of the 1033 Program

Concerns about police militarization have become an important public policy issue since the aggressive police response to the 2014 protests in Ferguson, Missouri, where police officers used military-style equipment to confront protestors. This event was a stark visual reminder that many U.S. police departments have used federal programs to acquire surplus military equipment, including weapons, armored vehicles, and body armor. We explore the geographies and histories of one the most important programs, called 1033, which supplies police with military equipment under the rationale of prosecuting the War on Drugs. We show that the legal blurring of the police and the military has been ongoing for decades at the national scale but this has resulted in an uneven landscape of police militarization at the county scale. We also investigate one of the most common global arguments for why police become militarized, which is the presence of Special Weapons and Tactics-style paramilitary teams, finding little support for that claim. More geographic inquiry is needed to understand the trajectories, causes, and consequences of police militarization.     

基于3S 技术的土地执法共同责任考核模型设计及系统实现--以深圳市为例

基于3S技术和土地执法共同责任考核制度,设计满足共同责任考核计算规则的考核模型;结合深圳市规划土地数字监察平台,基于空间分析技术,建立土地执法共同责任考核系统,为实现全过程量化指标的土地执法共同责任考核模式提供更为准确、客观的参考依据及技术支撑。     

Underwater Explosion Treatment of Marine Soft Foundation

The consolidation of soft foundation is a problem that commonly appears in harbor construction engineering on muddy coast. Introduced in this paper is the experimental study on underwater explosion treatment of soft foundation, including the regulations of explosion hollow development and medium movement, the law of similarity of densification and settlement of filled stone mass by shock wave pressure and explosion energy and their construction technologies, etc. A number of projects have been completed by applying this new technique, and the technique itself has been proved practicable.     

Physical impact on the reclamation area resulting from offshore dredging at the Changhwa coast, Taiwan

The physical impact of offshore dredging on the reclamation area at the Changhwa coast, Taiwan, is investigated using a three-dimensional movable-bed model test. A distorted modeling law consisting of maintaining similarity of the equilibrium beach profile between the model and prototype is proposed. The geometric distortion was verified through a series of preliminary experiments conducted in a wave flume. Experimental results show that the distorted modeling is able to reproduce the beach-face slope in nature. An appropriate long-term morphological time-scale was determined based on a comparison of model longshore littoral transport rates and equivalent prototype values. Seabed topographical changes before and after offshore dredging are evaluated in model tests. A suitable countermeasure to prevent beach erosion from wave attack along the reclamation area is suggested from the experimental results.     

The scaling of the meridional overturning with the meridional temperature gradient in idealised general circulation models

The scaling law linking the strength of the meridional overturning to the surface meridional temperature gradient is re-examined in two ocean general circulation models at coarse resolution in an idealised single-hemisphere setting. Two sets of results are presented, where the surface meridional temperature gradient is decreased either by increasing the northernmost temperature and keeping the equator temperature fixed, or by decreasing the equator temperature and keeping the northernmost temperature fixed. The maximum of the meridional overturning first increases and then decreases when the northernmost temperature is gradually increased, whereas the maximum overturning decreases monotonically when the equator temperature is decreased. No scaling law can be derived when the northernmost temperature is increased, whereas a 2/3 power law is found when the temperature is decreased at the equator. The behaviour of the overturning is strongly influenced by the vigour and, particularly, the spatial patterns of convection, which vary substantially between the two sets and which control the horizontal and vertical density gradients at high latitudes.     

自然海况下波浪特性的初步研究

通过分析大量的外海浮标观测资料 ,发现波龄和无因次波高之间存在非常好的相关性 ,自然海况下的波浪场满足 3/ 5指数律 ,其波龄可达到几十 ,远远超过风浪波龄的上限 1 .4,说明波浪组成波之间波 -波共振非线性相互作用是波浪内部结构的主要调节机制 ,使波高和周期之间具有很好的相关性。     

湘南骑田岭矿集区成矿规律与成矿预测

骑田岭矿集区以复杂的深部地质结构和多期、多类型的成岩成矿作用为特色,是南岭中段最为重要的有色、稀有金属资源基地之一。区域成矿类型主要包括中-低温成矿作用和中-高温成矿作用2个系列;多金属矿产的赋矿围岩具有显著的“成矿专属性”,控矿构造则表现为褶皱与多向断层联合控矿的特征;空间分布上,区域成岩成矿作用主要受深断裂控制;从成岩成矿谱系来看,该区完整记录了从印支晚期—燕山晚期的多期成岩成矿作用,两者之间时间和化学成分关系十分复杂,且晚期岩相普遍具有更高的演化程度。总体来看,该区发育印支晚期造山后伸展背景下的与壳源岩浆作用有关的锡多金属矿→燕山中晚期壳幔相互作用有关的钨锡钼铋铅锌矿（西）+燕山中-晚期壳源岩浆作用有关的钨钼铋铅锌矿（东）→燕山晚期壳源与岩浆有关的锡、稀有、萤石矿的演化系列。骑田岭矿集区可能存在深及地幔的通道,且区内的小岩体从浅部至深部由岩枝过渡为隐伏大岩基。区内骑田岭岩体主要由南向北侵位于左旋构造形成的近“S”型膨大空间,在北侧前锋部位、超覆区和S型内凹部位,有利于大规模矿化的发育。从不同尺度的“全位成矿和缺位找矿”来看,骑田岭矿集区有望在类型（斑岩型、石英脉型、云英岩型）、层位（泥盆系—石炭系—二叠系）、元素组合（Li、REE、Sn）等取得突破。因此,基于骑田岭矿集区成矿规律和深部结构的总结,文章提出了2个重点远景区：① 芙蓉外围钨锡铅银找矿远景区;② 廖家湾-清河东钨锡铅银找矿远景区为进一步找矿勘察提供了理论依据。     

浚县地震台地磁秒采样数据高频干扰分析

为识别及分析浚县地震台地磁秒采样观测数据中的高频干扰成分,采用别尔采夫滤波剔除其日波及半日波,然后通过时频分析得到高频干扰时段。通过查询工作日志及进行毕奥萨伐尔定律分析,认为浚县地震台地磁秒采样数据所受高频干扰除磁暴外,主要来自电焊施工和雷电,同时发现2种干扰类型有不同的典型干扰形态。     

国家科技计划项目科学数据汇交的法律制度建设构想

国家科技计划项目科学数据汇交,是实现科学数据共享的前提条件,也是科技立法的重要内容。本文从数据汇交的调查研究和相关法律制度双向出发,研究国家科技计划项目科学数据汇交中的主要法律制度,为实现科学数据共享搭建法律制度平台。