小兴安岭北东段火山岩型铀成矿地质条件及找矿方向

小兴安岭北东段地处环太平洋成矿域与古亚洲成矿域叠合区,经历了中新生代以来的火山-岩浆作用,是火山热液型铀矿床的有利产出部位。通过分析小兴安岭北东段地质背景、成矿地质条件,对比俄罗斯卡缅努什火山机构拉斯托契卡矿床,提出NE、NW向和SN向的贯通性基底断裂,以及晚中生代火山塌陷盆地和潜火山岩浆活动中心为该区铀成矿有利地段。铀矿化受溢流相霏细岩、流纹岩、流纹斑岩,以及喷发相凝灰岩,火山侵入相霏细斑岩、花岗斑岩、闪长斑岩和闪长玢岩控制。本区的南峦、宁远村、汤源和翠峦等火山塌陷盆地是铀成矿最有远景的盆地。     

基于TRMM降水数据的山区降水垂直分布特征

选择天山和祁连山区为典型区,利用台站降水数据验证以上两区多卫星降水数据(TRMM)精度的基础上,借助TRMM数据分析了所选山区年降水梯度效应,并探讨了天山及祁连山最大降水高度带.结果表明,多卫星降水数据在天山和祁连山区精度较高,天山及祁连山年降水量都明显受到海拔影响,降水随海拔升高而增加,但天山降水与海拔正相关关系最好,南、北和西坡相关系数分别为0.90、0.81和0.58,多年平均降水直减率分别为11.0mm/100 m、6.3 mm/100 m、7.4 mm/100 m,最大降水高度带则分别位于海拔2 200~3 500 m和3 200~3 700 m和3 000m左右;祁连山东、中、西段降水随海拔有增加趋势,但降水梯度效应在祁连山东段明显高于祁连山中西段地区,梯度效应由东向西呈现递减趋势,其最大降水带主要分布在东段4 000~4 500 m的高山带.     

贺兰山北段贺兰山岩群富铝片麻岩碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及区域对比

贺兰山北段贺兰山岩群中发育一套富铝片麻岩,Al2O3含量较高,总体与粘土质岩石化学成分相似,显示孔兹岩系的特征,变质矿物组合主要为石榴子石、堇青石、硅线石、十字石、紫苏辉石等,变质级别达角闪岩相—麻粒岩相。从宗别立岩组含石榴矽线黑云二长片麻岩中选取100粒各种类型的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年,获得47个测年数据,锆石年龄多数介于1.80~2.15Ga之间,峰值为2.00~2.05Ga。碎屑锆石年龄频谱图与鄂尔多斯地块北缘的集宁岩群和乌拉山岩群十分相似,总体与吕梁构造运动的时限一致,为华北克拉通成熟陆壳演化阶段的产物,证明孔兹岩系形成于古元古代,之后长期处于稳定状态,很少受到构造热事件的干扰。     

Chemical compositions and cassfication of Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 and other Chinese iron meteorites

Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au of two ungrouped iron meteorites, Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 from Antarctica and Ujimqin, were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to the bulk chemistry, GRV 98003 is classified as a member of ⅠAB group, and Ujimqin as a unique one of ⅠAB iron meteorite complex. The elemental abundance pattern and correlation between elements （e. g. Ni-Au, Co-Au, As-Au, W- Au, Cu-Au, Sb-Au） of GRV 98003 are similar with those of NAW 468 （ⅠAB）, but significantly depleted in refractory siderophile elements （ Re, It） and moderate volatile elements （Ca, Ge） relative to the latter. In addition, we reclassify Nantan （ⅢCD） as a member of ⅠAB main group （MG） and Yongning （ⅠA） as a unique iron meteorite related with IAB iron meteorite complex.     

FRAME DESIGN OF REMOTE SENSING MONITORING FOR VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS

Volcanic eruption is one of the most serious geological disasters, however, a host of facts have proven that the Changbai Mountains volcano is a modem dormant one and has ever erupted disastrously. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, space monitoring of volcanic activities has already become possible, particularly in the application of thermal infrared remote sensing. The paper, through the detailed analysis of geothermal anomaly factors such as heat radiation, heat conduction and convection, depicts the monitoring principles by which volcano activities would be monitored efficiently and effectively. Reasons for abrupt geothermal anomaly are mainly analyzed, and transmission mechanism of geothermal anomaly in the volcanic regions is explained. Also, a variety of noises disturbing the transmission of normal geothermal anomaly are presented. Finally, some clues are given based on discussing thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring mechanism toward the volcanic areas.     

甘肃省党河南山北坡火山岩含矿性研究

对测区火山岩矿化元素富集规律作了较为详细的分析,结合已有矿点的实际资料认为:区内铜矿化有利地层主要为一套次石英安山玢岩,扎子沟花岗闪长岩岩体对矿化的影响也很重要。测区石英安山玢岩、次石英安山玢岩,Ag、Mo、Cu、Au含量颇高,形成铜矿化的可能性较大。而玄武岩与安山玢岩,则贫Cu、Zn,且分布有限,故寻找铜矿床的可能性很小。     

太行山南缘王莽岭地区风化壳的地球化学特征与夷平面形成环境

通过野外考察、室内测试分析及区域对比,对王莽岭地区风化壳的特征与夷平面的形成环境进行探讨。从地貌学、古岩溶、风化壳等方面验证了王莽岭地区存在一级夷平面(1 400~1600 m)和一级古宽谷—山麓面(800~1100m)。通过对风化壳的地球化学测试分析,认为夷平面形成于湿热的气候环境,其上风化壳脱硅富铝化作用明显,但仍属于中等发育程度;古宽谷—山麓面形成于暖湿的气候环境,其上风化壳脱硅富铝化作用不强,发育程度为中等偏弱。最后,通过区域综合对比,初步推断夷平面是形成于渐新世的太行期夷平面,古宽谷—山麓面是形成于上新世的唐县期古宽谷—山麓面。     

Geomorphological signatures of the evolution of active normal faults along the Langshan Mountains,North China

Segmentation, propagation, and linkage of normal faults often occur in regions of active extension, and observations of the distribution and structural properties of segment boundaries can provide important insights for seismic hazard assessment. In this study, we carry out quantitative geomorphological analysis to evaluate the relative tectonic activity along the Langshan Piedmont Fault (LPF), which bounds the NW margin of the Hetao Graben, North China. On the basis of obtained morphometric indices (HI, BS, Smf, VF, SLK, and χ), tectonic knickpoint heights, footwall topography, and small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV)-based field observations, we demonstrate that: (i) The Langshan landscape is in a state of disequilibrium in response to active rock uplift and channel incision; (ii) The LPF consists of two major fault segments with lengths of 65 and 95 km, respectively, which likely have been linked with each other; (iii) Rupturing of the whole of one segment can generate an earthquake of M_w ~7.3–7.5, and earthquake magnitude may reach M_w ~7.8 if the entire fault trace of ~160 km is ruptured, posing a significant seismic risk in the western Hetao Graben. These findings would further our understanding of normal fault evolution through space and time in actively extending regions.     

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征

维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,是一个以锡为主,共伴生锌、钨、铜、钼、铷、铌、钽和锂的大型矿床。矿床包括深部以锡为主,伴生锌、铷、铌和钽的蚀变花岗岩型矿体;中部以锂为主,伴生锡、锌、铜和铷的隐爆角砾岩型矿体及浅部锡、钨、锌、铜和钼的石英大脉型和网脉型矿体。矿床的主要工业矿体为石英脉型,呈北北东向产于古元古界宝音图群和华力西中期石英闪长岩中的断裂破碎带内,而蚀变花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿石的品位较低。矿床的成矿过程可以划分为4个阶段:钠长石化-天河石化阶段(Ⅰ)、云英岩化阶段(Ⅱ)、锡钨氧化物-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和钼多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)。为了查明成矿流体性质、成矿流体和成矿物质来源及矿质沉淀机制,文章对Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ阶段的脉石英开展了流体包裹体研究和H-O-C同位素分析,对硫化物开展了S-Pb同位素分析。维拉斯托锌多金属矿床发育富液两相(WL型)、富气两相(WG型)、H2O-CO2(C型)和含子矿物多相(S型)4种类型的包裹体。Ⅰ阶段发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度372~473℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)5.3%~50.9%;Ⅲ阶段亦发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度243~412℃,盐w(Na Cleq)为4.3%~48.5%;Ⅳ阶段发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,均一温度215~414℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)4.1%~48.5%。矿床的δ18OH2O值介于2.4‰~8.5‰之间,δD值介于-120‰~-79‰之间,δ13CV-PBD值为-15.5‰~-14.9‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,后期有少量大气降水的加入。矿石的δ34S值为-4.6‰~-2.2‰;矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.310~18.381、15.531~15.584和38.151~38.326。S-Pb同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆。维拉斯托锡多金属矿床属于岩浆-中高温热液矿床,成矿与早白垩世的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩有关。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的主要机制。