FY-3D/MERSI-II全球火点监测产品及其应用

FY-3D/MERSI-II全球火点监测产品主要包括全球范围内的火点位置、亚像元火点面积和火点强度等信息,可用于实时监测全球范围的森林草原火灾、秸秆焚烧等生物质燃烧状况。火点判识算法主要根据中红外通道对高温热源的敏感特性,即含有火点的中红外通道像元辐亮度和亮温较远红外通道的辐亮度和亮温偏高,同时较周边非火点的中红外像元偏高,建立合适的阈值可探测含有火点的像元。亚像元火点面积估算主要使用中红外单通道估算,根据亚像元火点面积估算结果对火点强度进行分级,不同的级别表示不同程度的火点辐射强度。基于全球火点自动判识结果,每日生成0.01°分辨率的卫星遥感日全球火点产品,每月生产0.25°×0.25°格点的全球月火点密度图。在利用FY-3D/MERSI-II火点产品开展的全球火点监测应用中,对多起全球重大野火事件进行了监测,为防灾减灾、全球气候变化研究、生态环境保护等方面提供卫星遥感信息支持。     

北祁连中段浪力克—牛头山一带地球化学特征

近年来,部署在重要成矿区带的1：5万区域矿产调查在全国陆续展开,这对提高地质矿产研究程度,进一步圈定找矿靶区具有重要意义。其中要求进行1：5万水系沉积物测量、高精度地面磁测、自然重砂测量和遥感异常提取。本文以甘青交界的浪力克一牛头山一带1：5万区域矿产调查中水系沉积物测量实际资料为依据,探讨了浪力克铜矿区及其区域地球化学特征,认为Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag异常分布与含铜火山岩系分布一致,异常规模显示该矿外围仍具有较大的找矿潜力。     

黄河中下游地区降水变化的周期分析

根据利用清代雨雪档案重建的黄河中下游及其4 个子区域1736~2000 年的逐年降水序列, 采用小波变换方法, 分析了该区降水变化的周期特征, 探讨了影响降水周期变化的可能 驱动因子。结果表明: 黄河中下游地区的降水, 具有2~4 年、准22 年及70~80 年等年际与年代际的振荡周期。其中, 2~4 年周期与El Nino 事件关联, 在El Nino事件发生的当年或第二年, 黄河中下游地区的降水比常年偏少; 而准22 年及70~80 年的周期, 与wolf 太阳黑子相对数的周期变化及太平洋年代际振荡(PDO) 信号有关。但在70~80 年的周期尺度上, 太阳活动与降水变化的对应关系在1830 年以前表现为太阳活动偏强(弱) 时, 降水偏少(多); 1830 年以后, 太阳活动的周期演变为80~100 年的更长周期, 因这一阶段可能受到由于人类活动加 强而致的温室气体浓度升高等因素的干扰, 太阳活动与降水之间的关系明显减弱; 而PDO 与降水的对应关系则表现在全时域上, 且在近100 多年, PDO 与降水之间的相关关系逐渐加强, 特别是在1940s 以后达到最大。     

Study on the extremely cold winter of 1670 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River （MLRYR） in the winter of 1670 were extracted from Chinese historical documents. By these records, the winter temperature anomalies （compared to the mean of 1961-1990） recorded at seven meteorological stations and the regional mean winter temperature were estimated. The results show that： （1） There was an average of about 30 snow-cover days over the MLRYR region in 1670, ranging from 11-20 days in Shanghai and eastern Zhejiang to 5140 days in eastern Hunan Province. The snow-cover days averaged about 40 days in Anqing and Nan- cheng, and ranged from 30 to 40 days in Quzhou, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang; and （2） the regional mean winter temperature in 1670 was estimated to be approximately 4.0 ℃ lower than that of 1961-1990. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.6℃ occurred in Nanchang and the minimum anomaly of-2.8 ℃ was detected in Quzhou. Both of these were lower than that of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period of 1951-2010. This research could not only provide a method to es- timate historical climate extremes, but also provide a background to understand the recent instrumentally climate extremes.     

18.5 ka以来冲绳海槽中部沉积物碎屑态来源和古环境变化的常量元素记录

为进一步了解冲绳海槽中部18.5 ka以来柱状沉积物碎屑态的常量元素组成特征及其古环境指示意义,对KX12-3孔进行了151个样品中碎屑态的提取及其常量元素和粒度综合分析。结果表明：主要常量元素含量表现出明显的两段式垂向变化特征,底部的Z1阶段(492~96 cm)形成于末次冰消期及早全新世(18.5~9.6 ka),中国大陆河流(长江、黄河)物质输入是沉积物中陆源碎屑物质的主要来源;而顶部的Z2阶段(96~0 cm)则形成于早全新世以来(＜9.6 ka),沉积物中的陆源碎屑物质仍以中国大陆来源为主,台湾物质输入也有一定贡献。此外,岩心中还记录到了7.3 ka时发生的K-Ah火山事件。常量元素相关性、R型因子及典型常量元素比值分析均表明主要氧化物含量在垂向上的变化主要受控于附近的陆源碎屑物质输入,热液活动和火山物质的影响较小。不同时期陆源碎屑物质对研究区的影响表现出明显的变化规律,并与海平面波动及黑潮的演化具有很好的耦合关系。此外,在5~3.5 ka期间,KX12-3孔的Fe2O3、MgO、Fe/Ti、Mg/Ti值及粒度减小,这应该是由当时黑潮的减弱或“摆动”出冲绳海槽引起的。     

黄河中游水系河流阶地序列与数值年代

根据黄河中游水系河流阶地的年代资料,通过对比各种测年结果,获得一个具有较准确数值年代的黄河中游的阶地序列。黄河中游水系河流阶地可分为黄河干流阶地(即兰州段、晋陕峡谷段、禹门口至河南孟津段黄河阶地)、黄河一级支流阶地(渭河和汾河阶地)、黄河二级河流阶地(泾河和洛河阶地)。建立一个准确的阶地序列和数值年代框架,需要多种测年技术的相互印证以及加强河流上下游阶地对比研究。总体来讲,兰州段黄河阶地的年代可靠度比较高,而晋陕峡谷段的河流阶地年代仍有很多争议;渭河的下游阶地年代相对较可靠,但渭河上游、汾河、泾河、洛河的阶地年代研究还需要加强。     

Age model, physical properties and paleoceanographic implications of the middle Pleistocene core sediments in the Choshi area, central Japan

Abstract   A continuous, well-preserved core was obtained from the Choshi area, on the Pacific side of Japan, to investigate paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes around the northwestern Pacific region during the middle Pleistocene. Siliciclastic sequences in the core are divided into five formations – the Obama, Yokone, Kurahashi and Toyosato Formations in the Inubo Group and the Katori Formation, in ascending order. Examination of calcareous nannofossils and magnetic polarities detected four datums in the core sediments of the Inubo Group: the top of Reticulofenestra asanoi , the base of Helicosphaera inversa , the top of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary. Fourteen marine isotope stages (MIS24–MIS11) were identified in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records based on detected datums and the graphic correlation with the standard stack oxygen isotope curve. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator density were also measured and low values characterize the glacial intervals. Biogenic sedimentation by primary production may be larger during the glacial periods because of invasions of nutrient-rich northern surface-waters related to the southward shift of the Kuroshio front in the Choshi area.     

“双碳”目标下长江中游城市群生态福利绩效演变及驱动机制研究

生态福利绩效是探析自然生态与人类福利关系、衡量生态文明建设的重要工具。论文运用Super-SBM模型测度2005—2020年长江中游城市群市域尺度生态福利绩效,在识别其时空演变特征的基础上,运用面板Tobit模型探讨驱动生态福利绩效演变的因子,最后在“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下揭示其演变的驱动机制。研究发现： ① 2005—2020年长江中游城市群生态福利绩效呈现出“缓慢衰退→波动→快速发展”的演变特征;② 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效总体上呈“核心—外围”态势,武汉城市圈、环长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群交界处“中部塌陷”特征明显;③ 长江中游城市群生态福利绩效时空演变是在技术进步、环境规制、产业结构、人口集聚、发展共享、对外开放等多因子循环累积和共同推动下形成的,存在内源转化与外源驱动双重作用路径,并且与碳排放强度密切相关。在“双碳”目标下揭示生态福利绩效时空演变及驱动机制,有助于厘清自然生态与人类福利的转化机理以及生态福利绩效与碳排放的作用关系,可为城市群高质量发展和生态文明建设提供参考。     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区流域坡面水保措施变化特征

选用Landsat TM、环境星CCD、SPOT4 和资源三号卫星影像等多源地学数据,通过人机交互式解译和修订土地利用与梯田数据,提出用相邻图幅递进回归分析法消除NDVI时相差异后反演植被盖度,构建起退耕还林还草面积比例、植被盖度均值变化量和有效梯田累计保存面积比例3 个坡面特征变化指示参数后,运用综合聚类分析和多要素贡献率模型研究黄河中游多沙粗沙区的流域坡面水保措施变化特征。结果表明：（1） 1998-2010 年间研究区内流域坡面水保措施变化显著,平均退耕还林还草面积比例为5.55%,平均林草植被盖度均值增加20.63%,平均有效梯田累计保存面积比例达6.25%;（2） 多要素水保措施变化共同作用下的流域坡面变化特征主要有7 种类型,即植被盖度变化主导型、植被—土地变化主导型、土地—植被变化主导型、植被—梯田变化主导型、梯田—植被变化主导型、梯田面积变化主导型和多要素变化共同主导型;（3） 不同类型的空间分布存在一定的地貌背景差异,后续研究应结合流域坡面变化特征及其地貌格局来优化配置水保措施,并合理估计水沙模型模拟的敏感性参数。     

Precipitation cycles in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River （1736-2000）

Based on the long-term precipitation series with annual time resolution in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its four sub-regions during 1736-2000 reconstructed from the rainfall and snowfall archives of the Qing Dynasty, the precipitation cycles are analyzed by wavelet analysis and the possible climate forcings, which drive the precipitation changes, are explored. The results show that： the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has inter-annual and inter-decadal oscillations like 2-4a, quasi-22a and 70-80a. The 2-4a cycle is linked with El Nino events, and the precipitation is lower than normal year in the occurrence of the El Nino year or the next year; for the quasi-22a and the 70-80a cycles, Wolf Sun Spot Numbers and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） coincide with the two cycle signals. However, on a 70-80a time scale, the coincidence between solar activity and precipitation is identified before 1830, and strong （weak） solar activity is generally correlated to the dry （wet） periods; after 1830, the solar activity changes to 80-100a quasi-century long oscillation, and the adjusting action to the precipitation is becoming weaker and weaker; the coincidence between PDO and precipitation is shown in the whole time series. Moreover, in recent 100 years, PDO is becoming a pace-maker of the precipitation on the 70-80a time scale.