Multistage dolomitization and distribution of dolomitized bodies in Early Jurassic carbonate platforms (Southern Alps,Italy)

The Early Jurassic dolomitized carbonates are a hydrocarbon exploration target in Northern Italy. Of these carbonates, the Liassic Albenza Formation platform and the overlying Sedrina Formation shelf were studied to define a pervasive dolomitization model and to shed light on dolomite distribution in the sub‐surface. Field work, as well as analyses of well cores, stable isotopes, trace elements and fluid inclusions, was carried out on the outcropping thrust belt and sub‐surface deformed foreland of the Southern Alps. Petrographic analyses showed a first, pervasive, replacement dolomitization phase (D1) followed by volumetrically less important dolomite cement precipitation phases (D2, D3 and D4). The δ¹⁸O values fall between ?8·2‰ and 0·1‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite with the more depleted samples belonging to dolomite cement‐rich dolostones; the δ¹³C ranges from 2·6‰ to 3·7‰ Vienna‐Pee Dee Belemnite. Analysis of trace elements showed different Fe and Mn contents in the sub‐surface and outcropping dolostones, and a higher Fe in the younger dolomite cements. An increase in the precipitation temperature (up to 130 °C from fluid inclusion data) and a decrease in diagenetic fluid salinity (from sea water to brackish) are observed from the first pervasive replacement dolomite to the dolomite cement phases. Field observations indicate that, in the Albenza Formation, dolomitization was limited to palaeohighs or faulted platform margins in the Early Jurassic carbonates. The pervasive replacement phase is interpreted based on a ‘compaction model’; the formation fluids expelled from compacting basinal carbonates could have funnelled along faults into permeable palaeohighs. The high homogenization temperature of the dolomite cements and decreased salinities indicate precipitation at great depth with an influx of meteoric water. These data, along with the thermal history, suggest that the dolomite cements precipitated according to the ‘tectonic squeegee’ dolomitization model. The dolomite precipitation temperature was set against the thermal history of the carbonate platform to interpret the timing of dolomite precipitation. The dolomite precipitation temperatures (90 to 100 °C) were reached in the studied formations first in the thrust fold belt (Early Tertiary, 60 Ma), and then in the foreland succession during the Late Tertiary (10 Ma). This observation suggests that the dolomite precipitation fronts moved southwards over time, recording a ‘diagenetic wave’ linked to the migration of the orogenic system. Observations suggest that the porosity increased during the first phase of replacement dolomitization while the dolomite cementation phases partially occluded the pores. The distribution of porous dolomitized bodies is therefore linked to the ‘compaction dolomitization’ model.     

Integration of sedimentology and ground‐penetrating radar for high‐resolution imaging of a carbonate platform

Ground‐penetrating radar has not been applied widely to the recognition of ancient carbonate platform geometries. This article reports the results of an integrated study performed on an Upper Jurassic outcrop from the south‐east Paris basin, where coral bioherms laterally change into prograding depositional sequences. Ground‐penetrating radar profiles illustrate the different bedding planes and major erosional unconformities visible at outcrop. A ground‐penetrating radar profile conducted at the base of the cliff displays a palaeotopographic surface on which the outcropping bioherms settled. The excellent penetration depths of the ground‐penetrating radar (20 m with a monostatic 200 MHz antenna) images the carbonate platform geometries, ranging between outcrop workscale (a few metres) and seismic scale (several hundreds of metres). This study supports recent evidence of icehouse conditions and induced sea‐level fluctuations controlling the Upper Jurassic carbonate production.     

河北蔚县中侏罗统下花园组之新认识

河北省蔚县煤田中侏罗统下花园组上、下段地层在沉积岩性质及含煤性等方面存在着显著差异,为不同大地构造背景及古地理条件下的产物,表示其间经历了构造运动,其界线置于杂色岩层底部为宜,从区域上看二者应为不整合接触关系。名称上没有必要使用下花园组一名,起用京西门头沟煤田的相应地层名称,将原下花园组上段改称为龙门组、原下花园组下段...     

浙西开化地区桐村花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

报道了浙西开化地区桐村含Cu、Mo花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄,2个样品加权平均年龄介于167.6～155.6Ma之间,反映花岗斑岩形成于中、晚侏罗世。该时期同时又是燕山运动活跃的时期,区域构造以北西—南东向挤压为特征,形成走向北东的压性断裂和配套的南东向张性断裂。2组断裂交会产生的应力薄弱区为燕山期发生的规模性岩浆活动提供了侵位通道。因此,浙西地区拥有良好的构造和岩浆成矿条件,成矿潜力巨大。     

西藏扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿已发现规模较大的四个矿体,控制资源量达100万吨以上.矿体均分布在NNW或NNE张扭性断裂破碎带内,受断裂破碎带控制,矿体与围岩界线明显.铅同位素位组成显示成矿物质主要来源于上地壳,包裹体研究成矿流体为中低温-低盐度成矿,氢、氧、硅同位素组成显示成矿流体主要为大气降水下渗循环构成的地热水.硫同位素特...     

南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水环境的影响与可持续发展研究

南水北调中线工程的实施,对汉江中下游流域的水环境会造成一系列的影响,汉江丹江口以下的水量、水质将发生变化,防洪、水体污染、水土流失、水资源配置与供给、工农业生产以及城市发展等将受到不同程度的影响.通过分析南水北调工程对汉江中下游流域环境的不利影响,提出促进汉江中下游地区可持续发展的基本思路,如生态保护的措施与对策.     

柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系含煤研究

柴达木盆地北缘从西至东分布有格斯煤田、塞什腾煤田、鱼卡煤田、全吉煤田、德令哈煤田以及乌兰煤田,延展长度约800km。各含煤盆地的分布、地层、岩性、含煤性、岩相古地理特征均存在较大的差异,综合分析后可将柴北缘侏罗系含煤地层划分为西、中、东三段,中、东段进一步划分为北、中、南三个条带。区内含煤地层为侏罗系下统小煤沟组、中统大煤沟组、石门沟组,东段和西段下侏罗统发育,在中段则局部发育,中、东段的北、南两个条带下侏罗统发育不全,中条带下侏罗统发育较全;中侏罗统全区普遍发育;含煤性总体表现为西段较差,中段较好,南、北条带较差,中条带较好。探讨煤系赋存规律,为寻找隐覆的含煤区提供理论依据,对于指导柴北缘地区的预测找煤和资源勘查具有重要意义。     

青海聚乎更矿区侏罗纪含煤岩系沉积相研究

木里煤田聚乎更矿区位于祁连拗褶带西段,区内含煤地层为中侏罗统木里组和江仓组。根据野外露头剖面、钻孔岩心的观察及测井曲线特征,对中侏罗统的沉积特征和沉积相平面展布特征进行研究。结果表明：中侏罗统木里组主要发育辫状河-辫状河三角洲沉积体系,江仓组主要发育辫状河三角洲-湖泊沉积体系,厚煤层多发育在辫状河三角洲沉积体系,且物源多来自研究区东北部托莱山和南部大通山地区。该结论有利于查明潜在的赋煤区,为下一步的煤炭地质勘探工作提供理论依据。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000545

By applying the ’theory of synchronization’ from the science of complexity to studying the regional regularity of ore formation within the Nanling region of southern China,a characteristic target-pattern regional ore zonality has been discovered.During the early and late Yanshanian epoch(corresponding respectively to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods),two centers of ore formation emerged successively in the Nanling region;the former is mainly for rare metals(W,Sn,Mo,Bi,Nb) and one rare-earth element (La) and was generated in the Jurassic period;whereas the latter is mainly for base metals(Cu,Pb,Zn,Sb, Hg),noble metals(Au,Ag),and one radioactive element(U) and was generated in the Cretaceous period. Centers of ore formation were brought about by interface dynamics respectively at the Qitianling and Jiuyishan districts in southern Hunan Province.The characteristic giant nonlinear target-pattern regional ore zonality was generated by spatio-temporal synchronization process of the Nanling complex metallo-genic system.It induced the collective dynamics and cooperative behavior of the system and displayed the configuration of the regional ore zonality.Then dynamical clustering transformed the configuration into rudimentary ordered coherent structures.Phase dynamics eventually defined the spatio-temporal structures of the target-pattern regional ore zonality and determined their localization and distribution.A new methodology for revealing regional ore zonality is developed,which will encourage further investigation of the formation of deep-seated ore resources and the onset of large-scale mineralization.