Stratigraphic architecture of an Early–Middle Jurassic tidally influenced deltaic system (Plover Formation), Browse Basin,Australian North West Shelf

Understanding the internal stratigraphic architecture of sand-dominated deltas is critical to assessing the extent and distribution of petroleum reservoirs. The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of a major Early–Middle Jurassic fluvio-deltaic system (Plover Formation) on the Australian North West Shelf has been established through integrated analysis of core, borehole image logs and wireline logs for the Calliance field in the Browse Basin. Six facies associations identified in cored intervals are interpreted as tidally influenced channel- and tidal channel-fill complexes (FA1–FA2), crevasse-splay deposits and interchannel marshes (FA3), heterolithic mouthbars and sandflats (FA4), sandy mouthbars (FA5) and offshore transition to offshore (FA6). Therefore, the overall depositional system in the study area is proposed to be a tidally influenced deltaic system, in which FA6 represents prodelta deposits, FA5 and FA4 constitute distributary mouthbar deposits of the delta front and tidally influenced channel and interchannel deposits represent the lower delta plain (FA2, FA1, FA3). Analysis of image lithology and fabric are used to extend interpretation to uncored intervals and to identify intrusive and extrusive igneous units and associated volcaniclastic facies within the formation. Five third-order stratigraphic sequences (S1–S5) record progradational (S1, S2 and S4) and retrogradational (S3 and S5) phases of delta evolution. Paleocurrent indicators derived from borehole image logs indicate common southerly directed sediment dispersal in S2 and S3 and increasingly complex with westerly directions in S4 and S5. Two rift-related depositional phases are recognised separated by a phase of uplift between S3 and S4. The stratigraphic succession of S2 is consistent with the depositional pattern expected in a synrift setting and deposition of the over-thickened sandy succession (FA5 in S4), which is also the major reservoir interval, was most likely controlled by syn-tectonic faulting.     

Oyster patch reefs as indicators of fossil hydrocarbon seeps induced by synsedimentary faults

The Late Jurassic deposits of the Boulonnais area (N-France) represent the proximal lateral-equivalent of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation; they accumulated on a clastic-dominated ramp subject to synsedimentary faulting as a result of the Atlantic Ocean rifting. In the Gris-Nez Cape area, i.e., close to the northern border fault zone of the Jurassic basin, the Late Jurassic sequence contains small-dimensioned oyster patch reefs (<1 m) that are specifically observed at the base of an abrupt deepening trend in the depositional sequence induced by well-defined pulses of normal fault activity. Petrographic analysis of these patch reefs shows that they are exclusively composed of Nanogyra nana embedded in a microsparitic calcite matrix. ™¹³C measurements, carried out within both the matrix and the shells, display significantly lower values in the matrix compared to the oyster shells which suggests that the carbonate matrix precipitation was involving a carbon source different from marine dissolved inorganic carbon, most probably related to sulfate reduction, which is evidenced by light ™³⁴S in pyrites. Similarities but also differences with lucinid-rich bioconstructions, namely, the Late Jurassic pseudo-bioherms of Beauvoisin (SE-France) suggest that the patch reefs developed at hydrocarbon seeps are related to synsedimentary faults. The extensional block-faulting segmentation of the northern margin of the Boulonnais Basin in Late Jurassic times is thus believed to have induced a sort of small-dimension hydrocarbon seepage field, recorded by the patch reef distribution.     

拟刺葵（苦戈维尔叶）亚属Phoenicopsis（Culgoweria）在内蒙古鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统的发现

大量茨康类压型化石在鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗世含煤地层延安组中被发现。本文根据叶外部形态和表皮构造特征,首次发现拟刺葵属的苦戈维尔叶亚属Phoenicopsis （ Culgoweria）,并建立了鄂尔多斯拟刺葵（苦戈维尔叶）（新种） Phoenicopsis （ Culgowaria） ordosensis sp.nov。新种代表了该亚属在我国中侏罗世的第一个化石记录,为研究其地质、地理分布提供了新的证据,也为研究该类植物在欧亚大陆中侏罗世的多样性增添了新内容。     

黑河中游绿洲化过程中不同开垦年限农田大型土壤动物群落特征

对不同开垦年限绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落结构特征进行研究,探讨绿洲化过程中农田大型土壤动物群落对土壤环境演变的响应及适应机制。天然荒漠草地开垦为绿洲农田后,新垦绿洲农田大型土壤动物密度和类群丰富度增加为天然荒漠草地的1.95倍和1.54倍,百年绿洲农田土壤动物密度和类群丰富度增加为天然荒漠草地的3.54倍和3.00倍;但群落多样性和均匀度指数变化较小。不同动物类群随着绿洲农田开垦年限增加,其变化规律也存在较大差异,如地蜈蚣科(Geophilidae)、线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)、正蚓科(Lumbricidae)和蝇科幼虫(Muscidae)个体密度逐渐增加,拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)和象甲科(Curculionidae)个体密度显著降低,而平腹蛛科(Gnaphosidae)、夜蛾科(Noctuidae)幼虫和蚁科(Formicidae)受农田开垦以及开垦年限的影响较小。RDA分析结果表明绿洲化过程中不同开垦年限绿洲农田的土壤温度、pH、土壤粘粉粒、土壤含水量、土壤有机碳和全氮的变化是导致绿洲化过程中绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落演变的主要影响因素,而随着绿洲农田开垦年限增加,土壤含盐量、土壤粗砂粒和细砂粒的变化是导致不同开垦年限绿洲农田大型土壤动物群落演变的主要影响因素。     

2009年5月冀中南一次春季大暴雨成因分析

利用NCEP 1 1再分析资料、常规天气图、全国自动加密观测资料和石家庄多普勒天气雷达等资料,对发生在河北省中南部的一次短时暴雨天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：风速和风向在河北中南部的辐合促进了水汽的辐合。块状回波与带状回波交接处出现最大暴雨中心,逆风区和弱辐合区与较强降水相吻合。邢台次云区的形成与发展和北部主云区的发展密切相关,随着邢台北部低于-42云区范围扩大,邢台狭窄的强对流回波带形成。地面加密风场的变化以及中尺度辐合线的形成均对短时暴雨的发生有较好的指示作用,带状回波在地面辐合线附近快速强烈发展,而且随着河北中南部地面辐合线的消失而原地减弱。     

利用折射指数推算大气纬圈平均风场方法

鉴于地转风、梯度风和平衡风各自计算风场的特点,该文利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料,根据大气折射指数与大气密度、风场之间的关系,选用梯度风方程,建立了推算20~60 km中层大气纬圈平均风场的方法,分别与ECMWF提供的ERA-interim及NASA/GMAO提供的MERRA再分析风场资料对比验证。选用2007年1,4,7月和10月的COSMIC掩星折射指数数据,按照构建的方法计算了大气纬圈平均风场,并简单分析了大气纬圈平均纬向风随纬度、高度的变化特征及规律。计算风场与ECMWF及MERRA再分析风场资料变化规律基本一致,符合效果很好, 能够正确反映出纬向平均风场特性。1月及7月不同高度标准偏差、最大偏差随高度增加而增大,标准偏差最大约为6 m/s,最大偏差不超过11 m/s,沿纬度方向相关系数有减小的趋势,但不低于0.98,4月及10月偏差稍小,最大偏差不超过8 m/s。结果表明:利用COSMIC掩星折射指数资料通过梯度风方程计算风场,是获取中层大气20~60 km纬圈平均风场的一种有效方法。     

关于“辽宁北票兴隆沟火山岩的野外产状、岩石成因及地质意义”一文的辩正

本文针对"辽宁北票兴隆沟火山岩的野外产状、岩石成因及地质意义"一文对笔者的质疑,阐述了对北票下侏罗统兴隆沟组开展地质调查的经过.结合质疑的问题,从野外地质观察和同位素年代学两个方面展开讨论,并且根据新获得的火山岩202Ma的Ar-Ar年龄,重申辽西北票兴隆沟组的时代属于早侏罗世的结论.     

中扬子地区中二叠统沉积及古地理特征

中扬子地区中二叠世为广海盆地,地层总体南厚北薄,岩相呈渐变关系,从南到北由浅海相的灰岩向半深海及深海相的硅质灰岩、硅质岩转变,沉积水体南浅北深.从微相分析的角度证明了在研究区中二叠统广泛发育的砾屑灰岩为异地沉积成因,而非差异压实成因.栖霞期研究区遭受广泛海侵,中扬子北缘为外缓坡-盆地沉积,中扬子克拉通主体为缓坡沉积,局...     

Epifaunal worm tubes on Lower Jurassic (Lower Lias) ammonites from Dorset

Over 40 ammonites, mostly Promicroceras, with epifaunal worm tubes are described from the Lower Jurassic, Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Lias Group) of Dorset. Serpulids that were overgrown by the ammonites or responded to the ammonites’ growth attached to juvenile, living ammonites. Some epifaunal serpulids attached post-mortem, indicating oxygenated bottom water, which was rare in the lower Charmouth Mudstone Formation. Other serpulids do not conform to either pre- or post-mortem growth predictions and require individual assessment. The commonest pattern of growth for serpulids on live juvenile ammonites was attachment in the umbilical seam, with later growth onto, and finally around, the venter. Reconstructing this pattern shows that serpulids kept their aperture at 6 o’clock with respect to the orientation of the living ammonite (105-115° behind the ammonite aperture) throughout life. Reorientation of growth lines in serpulid worms just before the aperture suggests some worm tubes were fully grown. The 6 o’clock position of the aperture enabled feeding currents generated by the worms to parallel currents generated by swimming ammonites, thus maximizing food gathering and confirming that ammonites swam backwards. The mid-ventral position enabled the worm to deploy its branchia on both sides of the ammonite. Growth on ammonites was beneficial to the worms, but parasitic to the ammonites. Promicroceras with epifaunal worm tubes died at smaller sizes than unencumbered examples and size at death correlates inversely to extra weight of worm tubes. Uniformitarian comparisons suggest fossil serpulid worms grew in one season and that Promicroceras reached full size in two or three years.