Precipitation pattern of the mid-Holocene simulated by a high-resolution regional climate model

Early proxy-based studies suggested that there potentially occurred a ＂southern drought/northern flood＂ （SDNF） over East China in the mid-Holocene （from roughly 7000 to 5000 years before present）.In this study,we used both global and regional atmospheric circulation models to demonstrate that the SDNF-namely,the precipitation increases over North China and decreases over the the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley--could have taken place in the mid-Holocene.We found that the SDNF in the mid-Holocene was likely caused by the lower SST in the Pacific.The lowered SST and the higher air temperature over mainland China increased the land-sea thermal contrast and,as a result,strengthened the East Asian summer monsoon and enhanced the precipitation over North China.     

全新世中期青海海东地区聚落选址与环境解读

依托GIS技术,对全新世中期海东地区河湟谷地的聚落选址特征进行分析,指出马家窑文化、齐家文化、卡约-唐汪文化与辛店文化时期的聚落均对海拔2000~2200 m的高程区间具有强烈的选择倾向,这一首选海拔区间标识了全新世中期河湟谷地水热条件优良的森林与草原植被过渡地带。齐家文化之后的卡约-唐汪文化与辛店文化以2000~2200 m海拔高程区间为核心,分别向较高海拔山区与较低海拔河谷地带扩展生存空间,且聚落分布重心发生迁移,聚落聚集程度降低。4000 aBP前后气候开始转为干冷,导致高海拔山区森林退化与河谷水热条件变化,是齐家文化以后的人类文明对环境的适应方式发生变化的主要原因。     

MM5 Simulations of the China Regional Climate During the Mid-Holocene

Using a regional climate model MM5 nested with an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate responses of the mid-Holocene climate to different factors over China. Model simulations of the mid-Holocene climate change, especially the precipitation change, are in good agreement with the geologic records. Model results show that relative to the present day (PD) climate, the temperature over China increased in the mid-Holocene, and the increase in summer is more than that in winter. The summer monsoon strengthened over the eastern China north of 30°N, and the winter monsoon weakened over the whole eastern China; the precipitation increased over the west part of China, North China, and Northeast China, and decreased over the south part of China.The sensitive experiments indicate that changes in the global climate (large-scale circulation background),vegetation, earth orbital parameter, and CO2 concentration led to the mid-Holocene climate change relative to the PD climate, and changes in precipitation, temperature and wind fields were mainly affected by change of the large-scale circulation background, especially with its effect on precipitation exceeding 50%. Changes in vegetation resulted in increasing of temperature in both winter and summer over China, especially over eastern China; furthermore, its effect on precipitation in North China accounts for 25% of the total change.Change in the orbital parameter produced the larger seasonal variation of solar radiation in the mid-Holocene than the PD, which resulted in declining of temperature in winter and increasing in summer; and also had an important effect on precipitation with an effect equivalent to vegetation in Northeast China and North China. During the mid-Holocene, CO2 content was only 280×10-6, which reduced temperature in a very small magnitude. Therefore, factors affecting the mid-Holocene climate change over China from strong to weak are large-scale circulation pattern, vegetation, earth orbital parameter, and CO2 concentration.     

猪野泽中全新世干旱事件时空范围和机制

以亚洲季风边缘区石羊河流域终端湖猪野泽为例,结合最新的沉积物年代、岩性、指标及古湖泊岸堤研究结果,从时间和空间尺度上探讨了猪野泽中全新世干旱事件时空范围和机制。从空间上对比了猪野泽中全新世地貌及沉积物岩性和指标,并配合石羊河中、上游地区的中全新世沉积剖面进行研究。在时间尺度上分析了猪野泽和石羊河流域近百个全新世测年结果,最终得出猪野泽地区在8.0~7.0 cal ka B.P.期间存在百年尺度的干旱事件,而不是以前研究提出的距今7000~5000日历年期间2000 a尺度的干旱事件,并且这次极端干旱事件影响范围主要在石羊河中、下游地区,对石羊河上游地区影响较小。根据时空尺度分析对猪野泽中全新世干旱事件机制进行讨论,结果表明这次干旱事件主要是由流域气候条件特征和水热配比改变所引起的,而不是以前研究提出的亚洲夏季风减弱导致。     

THE EVOLUTION OF SMALL LAKE BASINS IN THE GOBI DESERT IN MONGOLIA

In order to investigate pluvial lakes in the Gobi two places were selected for field studies: Khongoryn Els in South­ and Mongol Els in West­Mongolia. In the eastern and central parts of Khongoryn Els two small endorheic basins,Bayan Tukhem and Khongoryn Gol depressions were studied. Pluvial lake deposits and beach ridges both supposedly mid­Holocene in age give evidence of a 9m and a 15m deep freshwater lake,respectively. Today both depressions are nearly dried out and exposed to wind deflation. A different situation was found at Uujin Sair river valley which cuts through the dune field at its lowest and narrowest(3km)part. Here,a 22.5m thick fossil accumulation of at least 20 layers of fine sand(dune sand)alternating with silt(fluvial playa sediment)was exposed and OSL dated. 12 dates ranging between 14ka and 17ka reveal the accumulation as Late Glacial which correlates well with the aridity at that time reported for Central Asia by several authors. Interpreting the dates it seems obvious that the whole sediment was quickly deposited in a period of about 16ka,and shortly after dissected by the Uujin Sair during a similar short time due to increasing humidity of the climate. Another situation was found at the eastern rim of Mongol Els. Two rivers,Shurgiyn Gol and Zavran Gol are impinging here on the high dunes which have damed both rivers in the past. A younger,shallow lake existed during mid­Holocene(14C­dated to some 5.5ka)and a large,17m deep lake(14C－dated to some 39ka)probably during stage 4.Expected OSL dates will hopefully support this hypothesis. Anyhow,the palaeogeography of the dune field was different from today; it moved eastward daming the large river Shurgiyn Gol.     

中全新世时期我国西南风气候季节演变的数值模拟结果分析

利用CCSM3海洋-大气耦合模式模拟结果,探讨了中全新世（6kaBP.）我国东部西南风气候的季节演变规律。结果表明,6kaBP.我国东部南风最早于1月出现在 20°～25°N区域,此后逐渐增强,到秋季转为北风。随着南风强度从春季到夏季的强化,南风同时向北和向南扩展。我国东部西风于1月出现在 23°～34°N,之后也逐渐加强,并于 6～8月发生北跳,9月开始转为东风。这些特征与当今西南风爆发进程相类似,不过也存在一些显著差异,尤其是在夏季。与当今气候相比,6kaBP.强南风建立时间偏晚,夏季我国东部西南风强度偏强,南风向北扩展更明显。这与6kaBP.东亚大陆和西太平洋之间更大的热力差异以及西南涡和西太平副热带高压的加强有关。研究还表明6kaBP.西南风异常可进一步导致我国东部夏季降水增加和雨带偏北。     

末次间冰期以来陆地生态系统的碳储量与气候变化

陆地生态系统的碳收支是全球气候变化和碳循环研究的核心内容之一.准确估算陆地生态系统的碳储量及其收支状况,对正确评价陆地生态系统在全球碳循环中的作用有重要意义.本文总结了近10年来各国研究者利用不同方法对陆地碳储量变化的研究进展,并对估算陆地碳储量的不确定性进行评价.同时,对陆地生态系统碳储量变化研究结果的分析表明,末次间冰期以来,全球陆地生态系统碳储量存在较大幅度的变化.在末次间冰期5e阶段、末次盛冰期和全新世中期,陆地生态系统碳储量分别为现在的l30～150%、50～85%和105～130%.并且,陆地生态系统碳储量与气候变化有显著的正相关性,但不同区域的生态系统碳储量随气候变化并非具有相同的变化规律.     

中全新世云南寻甸地区气候演化与冷干事件的石笋记录

通过对云南寻甸XR1石笋进行TIMS-U系测年、氧碳同位素和沉积速率变化分析,重建了寻甸地区中全新世季风气候演化模式:(1)8.0～6.0 ka BP为温暖湿润期;(2)6.0～5.1 ka BP为气候突变期,温湿向冷干转变;(3)5.1～2.1 ka BP为气候恢复期,气候从冷干逐渐恢复到中全新世正常的气候水平.XR...     

亚洲高山区全新世中期气候及其影响下的冰川模拟

本文利用一个1 km分辨率冰盖模式和11个PMIP4全球气候模式,研究了全新世中期亚洲高山区气候和冰川的变化特征。多模式集合平均结果显示,(1)全新世中期亚洲高山区年平均温度较工业革命前期降低了约0.7 ℃,夏季气温升高约0.7 ℃,冬季气温降低约1.8 ℃,全新世中期年平均降水略微增加(0.5%),但夏季和冬季降水分别增加和减少了约16%;(2)全新世中期亚洲高山区冰川较工业革命前期整体显著退缩,面积减少了约13%,体积减小了约8%。在区域尺度上,全新世中期亚洲高山区北部冰川的面积(体积)减少了约58%(47%),西部冰川的面积(体积)减少了约26%(25%),而南部冰川的面积(体积)增加了约20%(39%);(3)全新世中期夏季升温主导亚洲高山区北部和西部冰川的退缩,而降水增多是亚洲高山区南部冰川扩张的首要控制因子。本研究有助于加深理解全新世中期亚洲高山区冰川的变化格局和驱动因子。     

Paleoclimate simulations of the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum by FGOALS

Paleoclimate simulations of the mid-Holocene (MH) and Last Glacial maximum (LGM) by the latest versions of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, Spectral Version 2 and Grid-point Version 2 (FGOALS-s2 and g2) are evaluated in this study. The MH is characterized by changes of insolation induced by orbital parameters, and the LGM is a glacial period with large changes in greenhouse gases, sea level and ice sheets. For the MH, both versions of FGOALS simulate reasonable responses to the changes of insolation, such as the enhanced summer monsoon in African-Asian regions. Model differences can be identified at regional and seasonal scales. The global annual mean surface air temperature (TAS) shows no significant change in FGOALS-s2, while FGOALS-g2 shows a global cooling of about 0.7 C that is related with a strong cooling during boreal winter. The amplitude of ENSO is weaker in FGOALS-g2, which agrees with proxy data. For the LGM, FGOALS-g2 captures the features of the cold and dry glacial climate, including a global cooling of 4.6 C and a decrease in precipitation by 10%. The ENSO is weaker at the LGM, with a tendency of stronger ENSO cold events. Sensitivity analysis shows that the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) estimated for FGOALS ranges between 4.23 C and 4.59 C. The sensitivity of precipitation to the changes of TAS is～2.3% C-1 , which agrees with previous studies. FGOALS-g2 shows better simulations of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and African summer monsoon precipitation in the MH when compared with FGOALS-g1.0; however, it is hard to conclude any improvements for the LGM.