人工神经网络方法在降水量级中期预报中的应用

将人工神经网络方法与统计方法相结合，采用分步预报的方法，首先用经验统计方法进行晴雨预测，再用BP人工经网络建立降水量级预报模型，探讨神经网络方法在中期降水预报的应用，试验表明，神经网络方法能提高中到大雨降水量级的中期预报能力，但对暴雨的预报不理想。     

黑龙江省逊克县东安金矿床地质特征及成因探讨

东安金矿床是黑龙江省境内新近发现的一个具有大型远景的金矿床。矿床受库尔滨壳断裂的次级断裂所控制 ,产于印支晚期碱长花岗岩和早白垩世中酸性火山 -侵入杂岩的强硅化蚀变带中。矿床成因类型属浅成中 -低温热液蚀变岩型     

东南极拉斯曼丘陵暗色麻粒岩锆石的U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

东南极拉斯曼丘陵地区代表性的原岩为镁铁质堆晶岩的暗色麻粒岩，其中锆石的Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年代测定表明，本区在泛非事件（５００Ｍａ）之前的晚元古中期可能经历过一次麻粒岩相变质作用，主要由斜方辉石－单斜辉石－斜长石－石英组成的暗色麻粒岩的Ｕ－Ｐｂ不一致线年龄结果为７７２．４＋７１．１／－４８．０（２σ）Ｍａ。结合野外地质证据，此年龄可能代表了该区已识别出的早期中压麻粒岩相变质作用事件并对应于罗迪尼亚事件     

“94·7"北京大暴雨形势分析

１９９４年７月１２－１３日北京地区的大暴雨是西风槽、副热带高压及台风低压共同作用的结果，在西风槽与台风低压的相互作用中，低空东南急流提供了充分的动力、热力和水汽条件，作用更加显。     

Topographically associated but chronologically disjunct late Quaternary floodplains and terraces in a partly confined valley,south‐eastern Australia

The Bellinger River catchment in the New England Fold Belt on the mid‐north coast of New South Wales is characterized by an assemblage of stepped late Quaternary alluvial units. Late Pleistocene terraces were formed by large, more competent rivers that eroded almost entire valley floors; however, a decline in discharge prior to the Holocene has resulted in the abandonment of these deposits as elevated terraces or residual alluvium, onlapped by contemporary floodplains. Intrinsic controls on floodplain formation appear to be superimposed over an early–mid‐Holocene climatic signature. A fluvially active period, known as the Nambucca Phase, from 10 to 4·5 ka, eroded Late Pleistocene terraces. Two floodplain surfaces, one higher than the other, both started to accrete vertically from 4 ka but with some valley locations remaining vulnerable to episodes of erosion, resulting in substantial units of even younger basal alluvium. The high floodplain is dominated by horizontally laminated, vertically accreted sequences, while the low floodplain, which overlaps in age, is characterized by pronounced cut‐and‐fill stratigraphy. Terraces and floodplains in partly confined settings can have similar elevations but be polycyclic, with very different basal ages. In such landscapes the classical assumption that individual terrace or floodplain profiles along a valley represent periods of coeval formation is shown to be frequently invalid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北极海冰年际变化对东亚中纬度夏季陆面热力异常的指示作用及其可能原因

本文分析了夏季东亚中纬度近地面温度和春、夏北极海冰时空变化特征,探讨了格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常变化与夏季东亚中纬度陆面热力异常在年际上的可能联系。结果表明:(1)1950—2014年,东亚中纬度夏季近地面温度明显增暖,并伴有明显的年际变化,年际变率最大值的区域主要位于40°N以北至贝加尔湖地区;春、夏格陵兰海和巴伦支海的海冰也呈现明显的减少趋势,同时表现出较强的年际变化特征。(2)春、夏格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常对东亚中纬度夏季陆面热力异常具有一定的指示作用:春、夏格陵兰海、巴伦支海海冰异常偏多,通常对应夏季东亚中纬度近地面的东亚中纬度夏季增暖现象;反之亦然。(3)春、季格陵兰海、巴伦支海北极海冰指数(Arctic Sea Ice Index,ASII)高值年(海冰异常偏多年份),贝加尔湖及西南的蒙古高原地区通常为大范围的异常高压控制,有利于近地面温度升高;同时由于乌拉尔山阻塞高压减弱,极地南下的冷空气减弱,有利于东亚中纬度区域的温度升高。而ASII低值年的情形则相反,贝加尔湖以南地区受异常低压控制,乌拉尔山阻塞高压增强,冷空气易向南侵袭,不利于东亚中纬度近地面升温。     

积分中值点的若干性质

本文对一般教科书中关于积分中值定理的论证作了修正或补充,明确地指出积分中值点可以在积分区间内部取得,同时对推广的积分中值定理(广义积分中值定理)的中值点进行了讨论。另外又介绍了积分中值点在极限过程中的中点性质。     

大别山南北缘中-晚元古代火山岩的浅变质作用

研究认为：大别山深变质基底杂岩北缘中－晚元古双峰式火山岩系,普遍遭受过缘片岩相浅变质作用,相当于中－低压相系到中－高压相系。南缘火山岩系寻段发育蓝片岩带,属蓝闪绿岩相变质作用,属高压相系。变质作用过程可分为三个阶段：拉张环境中的中－低压“细碧岩化”变质作用→挤压造山环境扣－高压区域变质作用→局部地区的高压蓝闪石绿片岩相变质作用。     

Stable carbon isotope analysis on fossil Cedrus pollen shows summer aridification in Morocco during the last 5000 years

Quantitative climate reconstructions from pollen typically rely on empirical relationships between pollen abundances or assemblages and climate, such as the modern analogue technique. However, these techniques may be problematic when applied to fossil sequences, as they cannot separate anthropogenic from climatic influence on pollen assemblages. Here, we reconstruct Mid‐ to Late Holocene summer aridity in the Middle Atlas, Morocco, using stable carbon isotope analysis of isolated fossil Cedrus pollen. This approach is based on well‐documented plant physiological responses to moisture stress and is therefore independent of vegetation composition. We find that there has been a general long‐term trend of increasing summer aridity in the region during the last 5000 years to the present day. The gradual decline of Cedrus atlantica forest in the Late Holocene follows this aridity trend. Additionally, we show how isolating a specific pollen type for carbon isotope analysis yields a robust climate signal, versus using pollen concentrates or bulk sediment. Our findings indicate that climate has become drier in the region and confirms the Mid‐ to Late Holocene aridification trend observed more widely in the western Mediterranean, using a novel proxy for this region with good potential for wider application in other environments.     

全站仪三角高程测量应用综述

随着全站仪的更新换代,全站仪三角高程的测量精度不断提高,其应用领域在不断地扩大和深化。本文着重对单向观测法、对向观测法、中间设站法等三种三角高程测量观测方法进行论述和精度分析,对主要误差来源进行综述,并对其应用领域进行了总结,得到了一些有益的结论。