重油凝胶色谱制备样品中痕量镍的分析研究

研究表明微波密闭消解法对重油凝肢色谱制各样品的前处理，不造成易挥发有机金属化合物的损失，对样品无污染。采用消解前定容，配合石墨炉二次进样富集样品，可以测定样品中低至10^—9级的镍。方法应用于镍在渣油中随相对分子质量分布分析中，标准样品对照数据吻合好，相对标准偏差(RSD，n＝11)为8％。     

单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素

建立了用单道扫描电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定珊瑚礁中主量和微量元素的方法。珊瑚礁样品经酸溶解后,直接进行Ca、Mg、K、Na、V、Sr、Ba、Co、Ni、Pb、Li、Rb的测定,方法检出限为0.0004～0.1mg/L,精密度RSD<5%(n=6),样品的加标回收率为97%～105%。测定w(CaO)为50%的样品,结果与传统的EDTA容量法相符。方法经碳酸盐岩石国家一级标准物质验证可行,已用于大批量的珊瑚礁样品的测定。     

时间谱电阻率法中的剩余电磁效应研究

根据频谱激电（SIP）法或复电阻率（CR）法中研究剩余电磁（REM）效应的思想，通过分析时间谱电阻率（TSR）法中场的基本特征，在TSR法中建立了与SIP（或CR）法中参数Φmax/Φ0max相类似的参数－Emax/E0，用来描述了TSR法中的REM效应。通过对一维可极化大地模型的REM效应的理论计算，验证了用Emax/E0表示的REM异常可用来形象地反映地电断面电阻率的高低。     

降水云中液水含量的空基遥感

在建立不同降水云垂直结构模式的基础上，利用矢量微波辐射传扬模式进行空基云雨遥感的数值试验。结果表明：星载微波辐射计6．9GHz通道对降水云的冰层很不敏感，而对降水云校总液水含量(LWC)非常敏感；辐射亮温(Tb)随LWC呈单调变化关系；进一步考查这个频率下b的两个极化分量差△Tb(＝Tbv—Tbh)和LWC的关系发现，不同云结构(对流云和层状云)对△Tb-LWC关系影响较小。研究分析表明，6．9GHz的v,h两个通道有可能用于遥感降水云的液水总量。     

从118.75 GHz附近六通道亮温反演大气温度廓线的数值模拟研究

为了能在静止气象卫星上实现微波被动遥感探测大气温度廓线,并保持一定的地面空间分辨率(如视场小于60 km),就需要使用高频微波及大天线.欧洲和美国下一代静止气象卫星上都已考虑采用118.75 GHz附近通道.为了充分了解118.75 GHz附近通道遥感反演温度廓线的能力,为仪器研制及今后资料的解释反演提供必要的基础数据,作者开展了采用118.75 GHz附近六个通道遥感反演大气温度廓线的数值模拟研究.统计反演的数值试验表明,118.75 GHz附近六通道对温度垂直分布有一定的遥感反演能力;温度反演较好的层次对应于权重函数峰值所在的位置.     

A Technique for Direct Retrieval of Surface Specific Humidity Over Open Oceans from Irs-P4/Msmr Satellite Data

The Multi frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) onboard Oceasat-1 was used to develop a retrieval method fornear-surface specific humidity by means of multivariate regressiontechnique. The MSMR measures the microwaveradiances in 8 channels at the frequencies of 6.6, 10.7, 18 and 21 GHzfor both vertical and horizontal polarizations. Regression coefficients were derived using the ship reports of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) for the months of July, October and December, in 1999. Daily near-surface specific humidity data from COADS in 2° × 2° latitude/longitude bins and collocated brightness temperature data from MSMR were used to derive the coefficients. The derived coefficients werevalidated with humidity given in COADS.A linear relationship is established to determine the near-surface specifichumidity from MSMR brightness temperature (Tb) with an rms error of 1.2 g kg^-1 for individual situations and an rms errorof 0.84 g kg^-1 for monthly time scales over global oceans.The retrieval algorithm is validonly for the open sea regions.     

水库地震主震发生时间的预测

水利工程对水库地震的抗震设防要求事先对水为地震进行预测。预测内容包括蓄水后诱发地震的危险性（可能性、）最大震级、最大震的地占紧及不库地震对场址地震动参数的影响。除主震时间的预测外，本文第一作者都曾提出过初步的预测方法。本文认为，水库地震前震波速比异常、非线性灰色模型以及前震系列回归等方法，是预测主震时间的有前途的方法。     

Effects of early season defoliation ofAnthyllis cytisoides(a Mediterranean browse species) on further herbivore attack

To determine if defoliation of a woody plant affects foraging by folivorous insects, we examined the infection rate (number of leaves damaged per total number of leaves sampled on marked stems) ofAnthyllis cytisoidesunder three experimental treatments: 10, 50 and 90% plant defoliation. Observations were made for three age classes, established by trunk base perimeter (equal to or lower than 11 cm, between 11 and 20 cm, larger than 20 cm). Plants respond positively to artificial defoliation by increasing total vegetative length of the stem and total inflorescence length. This response is most evident in young individuals.Response to herbivory was measured as overall infection rate and also as infection rate by different feeding guilds—chewing, mining, or sucking insects. We found that increased defoliation elicited increased resistance of leaves to insect attack. This was particularly evident in young plants. Different insect guilds respond in different ways. Attack by chewing insects declines with defoliation for all plant age classes; only sucking insects which feed on the oldest plants reduce feeding rate with plant defoliation. Finally, mining insects present the opposite trend in young and senescent plants.     

变频激电法在四川某金矿中的应用

本文介绍了用变频激电法寻找含金硫化物矿体 ,通过对视幅频效应 Fs,和交流视电阻率 ρsf的分析 ,取得了良好的地质效果     

Predisposition to Induced Seismicity in Some Czech Coal Mines

—Mining-induced seismicity associated with longwall face operations in the Ostrava- Karviná coal mines, Czech Republic, has been investigated in order to establish the conditions leading to a focal zone generation. The study, based on macroseismic and instrumental observations, proved that seismicity is influenced by natural as well as mining conditions. The first group includes the influence of faults, washouts and red beds, while the second one is represented by shaft and/or crosscut safety pillars and various types of remnant pillars. All the cases discussed show that many focal zones are generated in overstressed strata as a consequence of interaction of natural conditions and/or old workings with the active coal face. Received June 18, 1996, accepted March 10, 1997