Early Cambrian Mollusc Watsonella crosbyi: A Potential GSSP Index Fossil for the Base of the Cambrian Stage 2

The mollusc Watsonella crosbyi was studied on the basis of material from the lower Cambrian Dahai Member of the Zhujiaqing Formation in eastern Yunnan, China and the Pestrotsvet Formation of the Aldan River region in the Siberian Platform. This fossil had been excessively described under different names in the literature, such as Heraultia varensalensis Cobbold, 1935, H. sibirica Missarzhevsky, 1974, Heraultipegma yunnanensis He and Yang, 1982, H. yannanese He and Yang, 1982, Watsonella yunnanensis, W. crosbyi Grabau, 1900, etc. Taxonomic revision shows that other species are junior synonyms of W. crosbyi. Analysis of functional morphology implies that W. crosbyi may be rather a helcionelloid than a rostroconch since its univalved conch is untorted endogastric and lacks a rostrum and a true internal pegma. Replicas of the original microstructures preserved on the surfaces of phosphatic internal moulds confirm that the shell consists of two layers. The inner layer is lamello-fibrillar, and the outer layer is spherulitic prismatic. The widespread geographical occurrences in both siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the late Terreneuvian indicate that W. crosbyi is an important index fossil for global correlations and subdivision of the Cambrian Series 1 (Terreneuvian). The first appearance datum (FAD) of W. crosbyi is suggested to be a potential GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) candidate marker for defining the base of the Cambrian Stage 2.     

动力排水固结前后软土微观结构分析

通过液氮冷冻干燥制样技术制备饱和软土试样,借助扫描电子显微镜技术,得到经室内动力排水固结前后土样的微观结构图像,用编制的计算机程序分析其微观结构参数变化。通过比较试样的孔隙个数、总面积、总周长、面积分级、平均孔径、形状系数、圆度和各向异性率、分形维数,研究了在动力排水固结作用下土体微观结构在垂直向和水平向发生的变化。     

高分子材料SH固沙性能与微结构相关性研究

SH作为一种环保型、节约型有机高分子固化材料,用于沙漠治理具有广阔的应用前景。采用不同浓度SH、不同加固方式对沙体进行加固,加固后沙体微结构会发生变化,其物理力学性能也会出现显著变化。通过图形处理软件对固化后沙体的SEM图像进行计算分析;利用多元逐步回归分析方法对其性能参数与微结构参数之间的相关性进行计算,并对其相关性进行分析评价。计算结果表明,二者之间存在着良好的相关关系,各向异性、等效直径、扁圆度、充填比和面积比是对固化沙土力学性质影响较为显著的5个微结构参数。从微观角度证明了SH是一种较为理想的高分子固沙材料。     

花尾胡椒鲷血细胞在光镜和扫描电镜下的结构

以花尾胡椒鲷血细胞进行光镜及扫描电镜观察。结果在血涂片中可分辨出红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞与血栓细胞,没有发现嗜碱性粒细胞。白细胞中,以淋巴细胞的比例最高,嗜酸性粒细胞数量最少。在扫描电镜下,红细胞椭圆形,表面光滑,无突起：而各种白细胞为圆形,细胞表面不平,具有各种突起,提示白细胞具有活跃的变形运动和吞噬能力。还见到红细胞、血栓细胞可在外周血液中通过直接分裂产生。     

开放式四电极电导率传感器的研制与实验

文章阐述了开放式四电极的工作原理、设计方法和制作工艺;分析提出了部分电路、部件的技术指标;并给出了开放式四电极电导率传感器的测试方法以及目前达到的水平,对该项技术应用进行了相关论述和介绍.     

高分子材料固化滨海盐渍土的强度与微结构研究

高分子材料SH固土剂与生石灰粉共同固化滨海盐渍土具有很高的抗压强度、抗拉强度和水稳性。由于SH固土剂对土颗粒的包裹作用及在土颗粒间和孔隙内形成的丝网状联接结构,使得固化土的强度和水稳性较单一石灰固化土提高很多,正弦波压缩疲劳作用降低了固化土的抗压强度。在一定的荷载值及幅值条件下,随疲劳次数的增加,抗压强度下降。30×103疲劳次数是强度下降的另一个起始点。固化土的微结构形貌照片显示,SH固土剂在两周固化龄期时形成了稳固的丝网状联接结构,四周龄期时结构已相当稳定。浸水后丝网状联接结构依然存在,表明SH固土剂的固化反应具有不可逆性。     

高水速凝材料-软土微观结构的SEM研究

高水速凝材料是一种新型的固体混合材料,它与普通硅酸盐水泥相比有许多独特的特点：(1) 水用量大;(2) 速凝早强;(3) 可泵时间长;(4) 良好的塑性特性;(5) 极限荷载后强度具再发展性能。虽然,高水速凝材料在煤炭和冶金系统得到了较广泛的应用,取得了较好的技术经济效益,然而,在其它领域还未曾应用过。为了探索高水速凝材料在软土地基方面的应用前景,笔者采用扫描电镜研究了高水速凝材料-软土凝固体的微观结构。研究结果表明,纯土的土颗粒之间只有原生矿物的几何堆积,而没有牢固的连接。但由于高水速凝材料的加入,彻底改变了土体结构。在高水速凝材料-软土凝固体中,主体结构为钙矾石结晶体形成的“空间网状结构”;辅助结构为在碱性环境中土颗粒之间的离子交换、团粒化作用和碳酸化作用所形成的微晶体与凝胶体结构。因此,高水速凝材料在地基处理方面具有较好的应用前景。     

牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构的研究

实验研究牙鲆外周血细胞显微及亚显微结构 。光镜观察显示,牙鲆外周血中包括六种类型的血细胞：红细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单 核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞,未见嗜碱性粒细胞;淋巴细胞的体积最小,单核细 胞的体积最大;在白细胞中,淋巴细胞数量最多,嗜酸性粒细胞数量最少;此外,还可见到 正在分裂的血栓细胞,说明血栓细胞可在外周血液中经直接分裂产生。电镜研究结果表明, 牙鲆红细胞的细胞质均匀,有少量线粒体和囊泡以及大量的极细颗粒;淋巴细胞核大且中位 、胞质中含较多的游离核糖体,胞体具有短伪足;单核细胞的核偏位且形态不规则,胞质中 有内吞泡和较多的细胞器;颗粒白细胞可根据颗粒的不同形态分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两种类型。同时,对牙鲆血细胞结构与功能的关系进行了较系统的探讨。     

文蛤Meretrix meretrix血细胞形态与分类

光镜观察湛江南三地区文蛤血细胞的形态与结构特征,并进行分类。按细胞大小、形态和结构特征可将文蛤血细胞分为4类:透明细胞、小颗粒细胞、大颗粒细胞和淋巴细胞。细胞直径有统计学上显著性差异(P<0.05),分别为10.11±0.44μm、10.99±0.32μm、9.63±0.41μm和9.22±0.25μm。透明细胞是血细胞中的主要成分,细胞质中无颗粒;小颗粒细胞的细胞质中存在大量细小颗粒;大颗粒细胞细胞质中的颗粒直径有1.0～2.5μm;淋巴细胞是血细胞中含量最少的,有很高的核质比,大约为0.5。     

Soil evolution features of debris flow waste-shoal land

The reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste-shoal land plays an important role in the mitigation and control of debris flow hazards, which thus contributes a lot to the exploitation of insufficient land resources in mountainous areas and the reduction of losses caused by debris flow. The aim of this paper is to discuss the features and mechanism of soil evolution of debris flow waste-shoal land so as to search for the available modes of its reclamation and utilization. The Jiangjiagou Ravine, a typical debris flow ravine, was selected to study soil evolution features of debris flow waste-shoal land based on the analysis of soil physieochemical properties and soil microstructure. It was found that the soil evolution rates of debris flow waste-shoal land varied with different modes of reclamation. For the land which had been reclaimed for less than lO years, soil evolved most rapidly in paddy fields, and more rapidly in dry farmland than in naturally restored waste-shoal land. For the land which had been used for more than lo years, the soil evolution rates of dry farmland, naturally restored waste-shoal land and paddy farmland decreased in the file. For the same utilization period of time, significant differences were recognized in soil evolution features under different modes of reclamation. Analysis data showed that soil clay content, soil thickness, the psephicity of skeleton particles and contents of microaggregates （〈0.02 mm） in paddy farmland were all highest. Soil nutrients and porosity of dry farmland were better than those of paddy farmland and naturally restored waste-shoal land, and those of paddy farmland were superior to those of naturally restored waste-shoal land. Paddy farmland characterized by rapid pedogenesis, stable evolution and high utilizability was the priority candidate for the reclamation and utilization of debris flow waste -shoal land.