Turbulent dissipation and mixing in Prydz Bay

In this paper,we present measurements of velocity,temperature,salinity,and turbulence collected in Prydz Bay,Antarctica,during February,2005.The dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy(ε) and diapycnal diffusivities(K z) were estimated along a section in front of the Amery Ice Shelf.The dissipation rates and diapycnal diffusivities were spatially non-uniform,with higher values found in the western half of the section where ε reached 10-7 W/kg and K z reached 10-2 m 2 /s,about two and three orders of magnitude higher than those in the open ocean,respectively.In the western half of the section both the dissipation rates and diffusivities showed a high-low-high vertical structure.This vertical structure may have been determined by internal waves in the upper layer,where the ice shelf draft acts as a possible energy source,and by bottom-generated internal waves in the lower layer,where both tides and geostrophic currents are possible energy sources.The intense diapycnal mixing revealed in our observations could contribute to the production of Antarctic Bottom Water in Prydz Bay.     

黄土湿陷机理研究现状及发展趋势

在回顾早期黄土湿陷机理研究成果的基础上,概述了黄土湿陷机理的发展历程,从微观结构、数理分析方法、土力学角度和建立本构模型4个方面总结了黄土湿陷机理的研究现状。通过工程实例研究提出了当前黄土湿陷机理发展中存在的问题;并对其发展趋势进行了分析。认为应以黄土微观结构研究为基础,结合先进测试仪器和分析软件,从非饱和土力学的角度出发,采用离散元分析手段,考虑溶盐因素,系统建立各种应力路径下黄土湿陷本构关系,从而完善黄土湿陷机理的研究。这对正确理解和研究黄土湿陷机理具有重大的理论意义和指导意义。     

海峡西岸一次雾过程微结构及其起伏特征研究

2013年春季在福建省厦门市开展了海雾综合观测,选取了4月17日一次海雾期间的能见度、常规气象要素和雾滴谱资料,分析了沿岸海雾发生时的天气系统和微结构特征,并讨论了气象要素的起伏对雾发展、持续、消散及其微结构起伏的影响。海雾间歇阶段和消散阶段均有风速风向的突变;含水量、数浓度、平均直径和最大直径在不同阶段均有明显的差异,即使在同一阶段也不断波动;海雾爆发性增强过程中雾滴谱出现爆发性拓宽,平均直径、数密度和含水量骤然增大,宏观的气象条件也发生了明显变化;海雾不同阶段由于湍流、辐射以及气象条件的差异,雾滴空间分布的不连续,雾滴核化、凝结、碰并和蒸发作用,微结构的起伏较大。      

一维固结条件下黏土微结构再造过程研究和描述

采用冷冻制样方法,对不同固结压力作用下得到的重塑黏土压缩试样进行了真空干燥,对其水平截面、45o截面和垂直截面上获得的SEM照片域微结构参数进行了研究。对简单微结构参数的研究表明,随固结压力增大颗粒体所占比重越来越大。对合成微结构参数的研究包括主成分分析和聚类分析两方面,结果表明,随固结压力增大,第一主成分指标近似线性增大;不同固结压力作用下的样品具有明显的聚类特征,且类内距离随固结压力增大逐渐增大。在建立各种土力学关系时,可以考虑纳入合成微结构参数而并非简单微结构参数,以反映土微结构的整体特征。     

高粘性高盐量吹填土固结过程孔隙分维特征

真空预压处理吹填土地基的方法应用广泛,但塑料排水管经常会被吹填土细颗粒堵塞。为提高吹填土造陆效率,通过室内试验,研究了高粘性高盐量吹填土在自重沉淤和加负压联合作用下的固结规律,分析了吹填土取土点的工程地质特征。用易溶盐试验和X射线衍射分析方法确定吹填土中晶体的类型,并结合自重固结不同阶段的扫描电子显微镜微观结构照片,研究吹填土含盐量对排水效果的影响,总结高粘性高盐量吹填土固结排水时渗流通道变化规律。研究发现,随着吹填土含水量降低,晶体颗粒随水流失,渗流通道则处于不断变化的非稳定状态。同时,将分维数作为研究高粘性高盐量吹填土的微观结构指标,发现随着自重固结程度的增加,高粘性高盐量吹填土含水量减少,颗粒表面吸附能力下降,晶体颗粒逐渐脱离土颗粒表面,使土体孔隙和结构单元体颗粒发生规律性变化。     

Problems with inferring P–T–t paths in low-P granulite facies rocks

Microstructural evidence commonly is used to infer metamorphic reactions, which are used to infer pressure–temperature–time ( P–T–t ) paths. However, this approach in low- P /high- T  (LPHT) granulite facies metamorphic terranes has two main problems. (1) Microstructural evidence may be inconclusive, so that reactions cannot be inferred with confidence. In particular, relative timing of mineral growth inferred from inclusions, moulding relationships and foliation–porphyroblast relationships is commonly ambiguous or invalid. The most reliable indicators of metamorphic reactions are partial pseudomorphs and corona structures, especially if symplectic intergrowths (indicating simultaneous growth of two or more minerals) are involved. (2) Even reactions that can be inferred with confidence do not indicate unique P–T  trends, owing to P–T  slopes of reaction curves. Where successive reactions can be shown to have occurred in the same rock, a line or curve joining reaction-curve intersections gives an apparent single-event path. However, isotopic evidence is needed to prove that polymetamorphism (involving more complex paths making fortuitous intersections with the apparent single-event path) did not occur. Although these problems are well known, their importance is not always emphasized in metamorphic investigations.
The difficulties are illustrated by published work on P–T–t paths for Proterozoic LPHT granulite facies rocks of central Australia and Antarctica. Recent work in Antarctica has shown that P–T–t paths may be episodic and more complex than the simple, single-event paths commonly inferred from microstructural evidence alone.     

模拟基坑开挖过程的试验研究

采用三轴剪切试验对基坑开挖过程中土体卸荷的应力路径进行模拟，研究了由于侧向卸荷对土体抗剪强度指标产生的影响，并从土的微观结构角度分析了产生这一现象的原因。试验结果表明，经过侧向卸荷过程土样的抗剪强度指标与常规三轴试验明显不同。     

吹填土沉积后微观结构特征定量化研究

粘性土微观结构是土体的一个重要质量特征.在外界环境条件影响下,吹填土在宏观上所表现出来的各种特性,都是其内在微观结构发生变化的外在反映.因此,微观结构对土的性质变化起着十分重要的作用.本文以连云港地区吹填土为研究对象,对其沉积后微观结构进行了定量测试,获得结构单元体的等效粒径、丰度、定向频率和定向分维数等定量化数据,并对结构单元体大小、平面形态和定向性进行了分析,该研究为吹填土工程性质的评价和改善提供了重要依据.     

Comparative study of microstructural characteristics and stored energy of mechanically activated hematite in different grinding environments

Hematite concentrate was mechanically treated using different milling machines and experimental conditions in air atmosphere. The changes in phase constitution, particles size, specific surface area, lattice parameters and X-ray amorphous phase fraction of activated hematite were determined. It was found that the agglomeration of the particles take place during extended milling with accessible pores for Nitrogen gas. The higher media surface brought about the largest specific surface area whatever milling devices used. After 9 h of grinding with higher media surface, the maximum and minimum specific surface area resulted from the grinding in the tumbling and vibratory mills, accounting for 6.83 m²/g and 18.42 m²/g, respectively. For the same grinding condition, tumbling mill produced the lowest X-ray amorphous phase. The maximum X-ray amorphous material estimated around 85% from the grinding in the planetary mill with higher media surface for 9 h of milling.     

前寒武纪干酪根微结构的高分辨电镜研究

本文根据高分辨电镜观察结果,描述了若干前寒武纪干酪根的微结构,讨论了干酪根微结构与母岩变质作用的关系。发现,在变生和变质过程中,干酪根微结构的变化趋势是不同的;层间距(d_(002))不是H/C比值的线性函数;干酪根的微结构可以指示母岩的变质程度。