威德尔海豹发声的信号特征初步研究

根据威德尔海豹在不同生态行为下发出的声信号资料,对其声信号特征进行分析研究。结果表明,威德尔海豹的声信号与生态行为息息相关。威德尔海豹伴随生态行为发出的声信号主要是由脉冲列和连续波组成。脉冲列的持续时间为２．２～４８ｍｓ,间隔在４．４～２８ｍｓ,频段范围在８６１Ｈｚ～５ｋＨｚ,谱峰分别在１．６ｋＨｚ、２．９ｋＨｚ和４ｋＨｚ处出现;连续波声信号的频段范围在１０２Ｈｚ～４．４ｋＨｚ,谱峰分别出现在４１９Ｈｚ、４８６Ｈｚ、６６３Ｈｚ、８２９Ｈｚ和１．２ｋＨｚ处。     

The mechanism of mine-collapse deduced from seismic observations

On May 2, 1993 more than 200 seismic events from an underground mine in Tyrol/Austria were recorded with short-period seismometers of a local seismic network which was introduced in the late 1980s to monitor the tectonic seismicity in Tyrol in greater detail. The cause of this series of mining-associated events has become the subject of intensive investigations — as it was associated with a subsidence affecting an area of 10.000 m². Underground observations revealed a number of discontinuities along which the rock mass was able to move. Seismic recordings of the close-by seismic stations revealed two types of mechanisms: One mechanism seems to be associated with pure block-sliding along several discontinuities, while other signals indicate additional collapse. The consideration and combination of several seismological principles made possible the construction of a model of the mine collapse.     

GPS软件接收机捕获算法的研究

为了提高GPS软件接收机信号捕获的速度,提出了一种GPS卫星C/A码信号捕获的新方法(这种方法具有Gold码的性质)。并证明了多颗卫星信号的相关性可以在同一次相关性计算过程中同时处理完成,在一次捕获卫星信号过程中可同时捕获多颗卫星信号。     

可控震源非线性扫描地震响应的数值模拟

讨论了几种非线性扫描信号自相关函数的旁瓣特性.对可控震源非线性扫描的地震响应进行了数值模拟.当震源扫描持续时间是检波器接收时间的一半时,相关运算把反射扫描信号压缩成脉冲信号的效果是显著的.有限度地增加震源扫描持续时间以及与之相适应的接收时间可以使反射扫描信号得到进一步的压缩,但在固定扫描与接收时间的条件下,增加采样点个数对反射扫描信号的压缩并不起作用.采用具有低频相关子波特性的非线性扫描震源信号,将有利于相关噪声的消除.模拟结果还证实了二次扫描在某些特定条件下会出现鞍点效应这样一个事实.     

Wavelet-Aggregated Signal in Earthquake Prediction

The concept of aggregated signal is introduced. Quantitatively, an aggregated signal can be defined as the scalar signal: it accumulates in its own variations only those spectral components that are presented simultaneously in each scalar time series of the multidimensional signal to be analyzed. Moreover, an algorithm of aggregation is proposed to suppress the spectral components that are present in any of the scalar components but absent in others (these components can be called local disturbance signals, for instance of technogenic nature). The main purpose of constructing the aggregated signal is to make clearer the common tendency of low-frequency data-flow in geophysical networks, which indicates an increase in collective behavior.It is known that almost all models of the process of earthquake preparation have pointed out an increase in collective behavior of components of geophysical fields in the region of preparation when the coming geocatastrophe has entered its long- and mid-term stages. Long     

2008年汶川MS8.0地震前定点形变高频异常特征的研究

本文以中国大陆西部定点形变观测资料作为研究对象, 采用S变换和超限率时频分析法对其进行了处理和分析。 研究结果表明: 在2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前, 距离震中600 km范围内的定点形变个别台站观测到高频异常, 异常持续时间较长; 距离震中300 km范围的个别台站临震高频异常非常显著; 并且不同的定点形变观测手段对高频信号的响应不同, 地倾斜测项临震前高频异常形态较地应变测项更为清晰灵敏。 同时S变换和超限率两种方法处理结果具有较好的一致性, 表明本文提取到的高频异常可信度较高。     

RSDA-1型24位水库地震数据采集器的标定系统

RSDA-1型24位水库地震数据采集器中标定系统是测定地震计和参数的关键工具,是评判台站每天工作状态是否正常的评判手段,是标定系统特性的必须环节.根据地震计和台站不同需要,需在采集器中设计4种标定信号,即脉冲标定、正弦标定、伪随机信号和高阶脉冲信号.本文主要介绍标定系统及4种标定信号在24位地震数据采集器中的设计和实现.     

TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF LINEAR HYSTERETIC DAMPING

Two linear-hysteretic-damping models that provide energy dissipation independent of the deformation frequency, are studied in this paper: a hysteretic Kelvin element and a hysteretic Maxwell element. Both models use the Hilbert transform and yield integro–differential equations for the equations of motion of structures when real-valued signals are utilized in the formulation. It is shown that the use of analytic (complex-valued) signals allows the transformation of these integro–differential equations into differential equations with analytic input signals and complex-valued coefficients. These differential equations show both stable and unstable poles. A technique for the solution of these differential equations is presented; it consists of a conventional modal decomposition of the state-space equations and the integration of the differential equations forward in time for the modal co-ordinates associated with stable poles, and backwards in time for the modal co-ordinates associated with unstable poles. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the characteristics of the models and the proposed analysis technique.     

Seismo-acoustic signals associated with degassing explosions recorded at Shishaldin Volcano,Alaska, 2003–2004

In summer 2003, a Chaparral Model 2 microphone was deployed at Shishaldin Volcano, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The pressure sensor was co-located with a short-period seismometer on the volcano’s north flank at a distance of 6.62 km from the active summit vent. The seismo-acoustic data exhibit a correlation between impulsive acoustic signals (1–2 Pa) and long-period (LP, 1–2 Hz) earthquakes. Since it last erupted in 1999, Shishaldin has been characterized by sustained seismicity consisting of many hundreds to two thousand LP events per day. The activity is accompanied by up to ∼200 m high discrete gas puffs exiting the small summit vent, but no significant eruptive activity has been confirmed. The acoustic waveforms possess similarity throughout the data set (July 2003–November 2004) indicating a repetitive source mechanism. The simplicity of the acoustic waveforms, the impulsive onsets with relatively short (∼10–20 s) gradually decaying codas and the waveform similarities suggest that the acoustic pulses are generated at the fluid–air interface within an open-vent system. SO₂ measurements have revealed a low SO₂ flux, suggesting a hydrothermal system with magmatic gases leaking through. This hypothesis is supported by the steady-state nature of Shishaldin’s volcanic system since 1999. Time delays between the seismic LP and infrasound onsets were acquired from a representative day of seismo-acoustic data. A simple model was used to estimate source depths. The short seismo-acoustic delay times have revealed that the seismic and acoustic sources are co-located at a depth of 240±200 m below the crater rim. This shallow depth is confirmed by resonance of the upper portion of the open conduit, which produces standing waves with f=0.3 Hz in the acoustic waveform codas. The infrasound data has allowed us to relate Shishaldin’s LP earthquakes to degassing explosions, created by gas volume ruptures from a fluid–air interface.