油气聚集微观定量模型

不管是油气的运移还是聚集过程都是在储层孔隙中进行的,因此,储层孔隙结构特征直接影响了油气的聚集过程和油气藏的形成分布特征。从孔隙结构出发,研究油气聚集的微观定量过程,划分油气聚集的三个定量阶段,建立了不同非均质组合单一圈闭和系列圈闭的油气聚集分布模型,对传统石油地质学进行了补充和完善,也在定量地质学研究方面进行了成功的尝试。     

短时交通预测的动态出行信息服务协同工作平台

目前,国内城市出行信息服务平台和网络地图平台主要提供静态信息服务,城市交通动态特征难以得到真实反映,对以时间和费用为主要准则的公众出行缺乏实用价值。本文提出了历史数据推理和微观交通仿真相结合,进行短时交通预测以服务公众出行的一种新方法设计了实时交通信息处理与发布服务器、GIS应用服务器与数据库管理系统三者协同工作的体系结构实现了顾及短时预测交通状况的公众出行路径规划过程,并作了验证。因此,为公众动态出行信息服务和动态网络电子地图的实现,提供了一个可行的解决方案。     

Characterisation of rock aggregate breakage properties using realistic texture‐based modelling

Realistic texture‐based modelling methods, that is microstructural modelling and micromechanical modelling, are developed to simulate the rock aggregate breakage properties on the basis of the rock actual microstructure obtained using microscopic observations and image analysis. The breakage properties of three types of rocks, that is Avja, LEP and Vandle taken from three quarries in Sweden, in single aggregate breakage tests and in inter‐aggregate breakage tests are then modelled using the proposed methods. The microstructural modelling directly integrates the microscopic observation, image analysis and numerical simulation together and provides a valuable tool to investigate the mechanical properties of rock aggregates on the basis of their microstructure properties. The micromechanical modelling takes the most important microstructure properties of rock aggregates into consideration and can model the major mechanical properties. Throughout this study, it is concluded that in general, the microstructure properties of rock aggregate work together to affect their mechanical properties, and it is difficult to correlate a single microstructure property with the mechanical properties of rock aggregates. In particular, for the three types of rock Avja, LEP and Vandle in this study, crack size distribution, grain size and grain perimeter (i.e. grain shape and spatial arrangement) show good correlations with the mechanical properties. The crack length and the grain size negatively affect the mechanical properties of Avja, LEP and Vandle, but the perimeter positively influences the mechanical properties. Besides, the modelled rock aggregate breakage properties in both single aggregate and inter‐aggregate tests reveal that the aggregate microstructure, aggregate shape and loading conditions influence the breakage process of rock aggregate in service. For the rock aggregate with the same microstructure, the quadratic shape and good packing dramatically improve its mechanical properties. During services, the aggregate is easiest to be fragmented under point‐to‐point loading condition, and then in the sequence of multiple‐point, point‐to‐plane and plane‐to‐plane loading conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东天山海相火山岩型铁矿区域成矿规律研究

选择东天山阿齐山-雅满苏-沙泉子一带海相火山岩型铁矿区作为研究区,从区域成矿地质背景入手,首先分析古火山机体成矿构造聚敛场、海盆成矿构造聚敛场对海相火山岩型铁矿的控制作用,依次总结了沉积岩相建造、火山岩建造、侵入岩、变质作用对铁矿的控制作用,最后全面系统的总结出东天山地区海相火山岩型铁矿在时间和空间上成矿规律和演化过程,指明该类型铁矿在宏观场和微观场中的识别标志,对该区域海相火山岩型铁矿勘查工作提供一定技术指导.     

热带产卡拉胶海藻形态及表皮特征比较

2008年6月至2009年6月,在山东青岛实验室和海南陵水试验平台,以光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜等技术,对12种原产印度尼西亚和菲律宾热带产胶红藻外观形态,表皮细胞特征进行了比较。结果表明：1）不同株系藻体呈现褐色、绿色、黄绿色、翡翠绿色、橄榄绿色和咖啡色等多样性;2）在表皮细胞特性方面,5号株系细胞最小、排列最致密、...     

Characterization of Secondary Native Selenium in the Yutangba Se Deposit,Western Hubei,China

Secondary native Se minerals that are appreciably coarser grained and vary morphologically than primary native Se minerals were observed in the abandoned dumps of the No. 3 and No. 4 orebodies of the Yutangba Se deposit, western Hubei Province, China. The secondary native Se minerals exhibit three crystal forms, namely prismatic, tabular, and granular. Based on geochemical and mineralogical data, the secondary native Se minerals are interpreted to have resulted from natural oxidation of selenide minerals in the primary Se ores, or from vaporization of Se caused by burning of “stone coal” (a highly carbonaceous mudstone) during the production of lime. The occurrence of secondary native Se minerals in the deposit would be helpful not only to further study on mineralogy, ore geochemistry and environmental geochemistry of Se, but also to improve the technology of reclaiming Se from the black rock series.     

黄陇煤田转角勘查区煤的微观孔隙结构特征及其影响因素

煤的微观孔隙结构特征是煤储层特征的重要研究内容之一。选取黄陇侏罗纪煤田转角勘查区4个典型低阶煤样品为研究对象,以煤质特征研究为基础,进行压汞和液氮吸附实验,获取了不同测试方法的煤孔隙结构参数。根据两种测试方法的优缺点在孔径50nm处采用曲线拼接法进行联合,分析了全孔径段的比表面积和孔隙体积分布。结果显示:煤的比表面积主要分布在微孔、小孔和中孔三个区间,呈现“三峰”特征,表现为微孔>小孔>中孔>大孔的分布特征;孔隙体积主要分布在微孔、小孔和大孔。灰分含量和阶段孔径比表面积和孔隙体积具有较好的相关关系,但相关性强弱不同,总体显示和微孔、小孔及中孔呈正相关关系,而与大孔孔隙呈负相关关系,灰分含量与微孔、小孔的影响最大。显微组分中的镜质组和壳质组含量与大孔比表面积和孔隙体积呈正相关关系,与微孔、小孔呈负相关关系;惰质组含量与大孔孔隙比表面积和孔隙体积呈负相关关系,和微孔、小孔呈正相关关系。     

柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统-下白垩统风成砂的发现及其意义*

本次研究在柴达木盆地旺尕秀地区上侏罗统红水沟组上覆地层中,首次发现了风成沉积。地层主体为一套棕黄色细-中砂岩,由分选、磨圆好的石英砂组成;扫描电镜下可见风成砂特有的碟形撞击坑和新月形撞击坑等特征;层内普遍发育风成大型高角度板状交错层理,层系厚度巨大,风成沙丘前积层特征明显;发育液化作用产生的牵引褶曲、倒转褶曲等常见的风成沙丘同沉积变形构造。根据岩性和沉积构造特征共在地层中识别出4种沉积亚相: 沙丘亚相、丘间亚相、旱谷亚相和沙漠湖亚相,其中沙丘亚相以风成大型交错层理为显著特征,丘间、旱谷和沙漠湖亚相则以水成沉积为主。风成砂沉积的存在丰富了柴达木盆地中生代的沉积类型,为区域地层对比及西北地区晚中生代古气候和古环境研究提供了新的证据和材料。     

X射线衍射-X射线荧光光谱-电子探针等分析测试技术在玄武岩矿物鉴定中的应用

玄武岩的鉴定通常采用显微镜镜下判定,鉴定结果容易受到鉴定人员的专业水平和主观因素、切片方位的影响,光性特征有差异,再者颗粒细小的矿物还受到光学显微镜本身放大倍数的限制也很难准确鉴定。当前的鉴定方法已由传统的显微镜向现代分析仪器(X射线衍射仪、电子探针、X射线荧光光谱仪等)综合研究方向发展。本文采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)和显微镜镜下观测相结合的方法,对安徽女山玄武岩(未经蚀变)和团山玄武岩(经过蚀变)进行鉴定,并采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和电子探针对鉴定结果进行验证。结果表明:女山玄武岩用显微镜鉴定主要由基质(74%,斜长石44%+辉石30%)和斑晶(13%)组成,还含有少量金属矿物(8%)及较大颗粒石英捕掳晶(5%);其中,基质部分的斜长石经XRD分析可进一步确定为拉长石,辉石主要为普通辉石(单斜辉石),少量金属矿物为钛铁矿。团山玄武岩用显微镜鉴定主要由基质(75%,斜长石50%+辉石25%)和斑晶(9%)组成,还含有少量绿泥石充填的杏仁体;其中,基质部分的斜长石经XRD分析可进一步确定为微斜长石,蚀变矿物为蒙脱石而非薄片鉴定中的绿泥石。综合XRD和相关技术鉴定结果可确定,女山玄武岩主要矿物为拉长石、辉石、钛铁矿;团山玄武岩主要矿物为微斜长石、辉石、蒙脱石。研究显示,单独的显微鉴定技术在含蚀变矿物的玄武岩鉴定中会产生较大偏差,而结合XRD等多种分析测定技术可以快速鉴定出矿物种类,尤其对颗粒较小的矿物鉴定的准确度更高。     

含金石英脉中黄铁矿固态分解的组构特征

胶东新城及陕西小秦岭地区含金石英脉中，微晶磁黄铁矿交代置换黄铁矿并发育了一种特征的蠕虫状显微多孔构造，前人文献中尚未见报道。基于矿相学和矿物学研究，我们认为微晶磁黄铁矿及其特征的组构是黄铁矿固态等化学分解的产物，其显微多孔构造与体积收缩和硫的逸失有关。