Tephrostratigraphy of the last 170 ka in sedimentary successions from the Adriatic Sea

In this study are discussed new SEM-EDS analyses performed on glass shards from five cores collected in the Central Adriatic Sea and two cores recovered from the South Adriatic Sea. A total of 26 tephra layers have been characterized and compared with the geochemical features of terrestrial deposits and other tephra archives in the area (South Adriatic Sea and Lago Grande di Monticchio, Vulture volcano). The compositions are compatible with either a Campanian or a Roman provenance. The cores, located on the Central Adriatic inner and outer shelf, recorded tephra referred to explosive events described in the literature: AP3 (sub-Plinian activity of the Somma-Vesuvius, 2710 ± 60 ¹⁴C years BP); Avellino eruption (Somma–Vesuvius, 3548 ± 129 ¹⁴C years BP); Agnano Monte Spina (Phlegrean Fields, 4100 ± 400 years BP); Mercato eruption (Somma–Vesuvius, 8010 ± 35 ¹⁴C years BP; Agnano Pomici Principali eruption (Phlegrean Fields, 10,320 ± 50 ¹⁴C years BP); Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (Phlegrean Fields, 12,100 ± 170 ¹⁴C years BP). Some of these layers were also observed in the South Adriatic core IN68-9 in addition to younger (AP2, sub-Plinian eruption, Somma–Vesuvius, 3225 ± 140 ¹⁴C years BP), and older layers (Pomici di Base eruption, Somma–Vesuvius, 18,300 ± 150 ¹⁴C years BP). Significant is the tephra record of core RF95-7 that, for the first time in the Adriatic Sea, reports the occurrence of tephra layers older than 60 ka: the well known Mediterranean tephra layers X2 (ca. 70 ka), W1 (ca. 140 ka) and V2 (Roman origin, ca. 170 ka) as well as other tephra layers attributed, on the basis of geochemistry and biostratigraphy, to explosive eruptions occurred at Vico (138 ± 2 and 151 ± 3 ka BP) and Ischia (147–140 ka BP).     

电子探针背景扣除和谱线干扰修正方法的进展

对提高电子探针分析精度和分辨本领的关键和难点——背景扣除和重叠峰修正的理论和方法发展进行了综述。介绍了避免谱线干扰的方法和计算谱线干扰量的主要算法及软件应用效果,包括估计干扰因子法、模拟元素谱图法、最小二乘方拟合法及谱线去卷积运算法。讨论了分析中的背景来源及非线性背景扣除的理论和方法发展,并对背景和谱线干扰修正的发展前景进行了展望。引用文献62篇。     

用对氧的电子探针定量分析值测定石榴子石中Fe~(2+)与Fe~(3+)的含量

本文用对氧的电子探针定量分析值测定了几种石榴子石中Fe~(2+)与Fe~(3+)的含量,讨论了这种新方法中氧的测量精度,详细叙述了实验过程,并与常用的电价差值法和剩余氧计算法进行了比较。     

不可见金的赋存状态研究

电子探针、扫描电镜和溶矿试验研究证明，在某地“卡林型”金矿中，黄铁矿是最主要的载金矿物。黄铁矿由先期形成的含Au和As很低的自形晶核心和后期形成的含Au和As很高的环边组成，其中Au和As呈正消长关系。因此，根据As的分布情况即可研究和认识Au的分布规律。研究结果为改善矿石的氧化焙烧、氯化处理和氰化浸出工艺设计提供了科学依据。     

AUSTRALIS: A new tool for the study of isotopic systems and geochronology in mineral systems

AUSTRALIS (AMS for Ultra Sensitive TRAce eLement and Isotopic Studies) is a microbeam accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) system designed for in situ microanalysis of geological samples for trace elements and radiogenic and stable isotope data. The AMS method eliminates molecular and isobaric interferences in in situ mass spectrometric measurements, opening up new opportunities in geochronology and tracer applications. Tests have been carried out for measurements of Pb, S and Os isotopes, conducted mainly at 1.5 MV accelerating voltage. In Pb and S tests, precision as high as 0.3‰ has been obtained, made possible by a fast isotope switching system to counter the effect of instabilities in the ion source and beam transport system. In trace‐element analysis, a detection limit for Au at the sub‐ppb level was obtained.     

Natural Clinopyroxene Reference Materials for In Situ Microanalysis

Two clinopyroxene megacrysts, DMP-2 and DMP-3, were collected from Cenozoic alkali basalts in the Hannuoba region of China. They were characterised for major and trace element compositions for in situ microanalysis. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses indicate homogeneity in the element mass fractions in both clinopyroxene samples. Bulk analyses using various techniques (XRF, ICP-OES and solution ICP-MS) also reveal good consistency in their major and trace element data. They, thus, can be used as potential reference materials for elemental in situ microanalysis. Accordingly, element mass fractions are recommended for thirty-two elements.     

电子探针和X射线衍射仪测定新疆祖母绿宝石

新疆首次发现了质量上佳的祖母绿宝石(绿柱石),受到了国内外学者的高度关注。文章对新疆祖母绿矿物晶体进行电子探针显微分析(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试,获得EPMA成分分析结果及XRD测试晶胞参数、衍射图谱。结果表明,新疆祖母绿化学成分中Cr2O3含量较高,一般在0.21%~0.54%;典型样品晶胞参数测定结果为a0=0.923 3 nm,c0=0.920 6 nm,Z=2,主要粉晶谱线为2.871(100)、3.257(100)、7.996(100)。     

Electron Probe Microanalysis of Environmental Samples: Preparation of Reference Materials, Correction for Particle Size Effects and Representative Results on Sediments Recovered from Snow, Power Station Fly Ash and Bone Samples

In this paper we report the results of electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) that was used to study environmental materials. The mode of preparation and certification of reference samples based on a basaltic glass matrix for environmental applications of EPMA is described. These samples were prepared containing scandium, strontium and barium (from 0.03 up to 7% m/m) and an evaluation was made of homogeneity, their stability to local heating, followed by analysis by independent methods for certification of composition. Matrix correction procedures for the EPMA technique have been developed for particles having a size commensurable with the volume of X-ray generation. An analytical equation for the size factor is proposed and two techniques for selecting optimum conditions for the analysis of environmental samples by EPMA are reported. These procedures provided satisfactory results when utilized in analysing sediments recovered from snow, coal fly ash and the bones of animals and fish, results from which can be used as indicators for evaluating the pollution level of the lower atmosphere, surface and ground water, as well as revealing pollution mechanisms.     

U-Th-Pb副矿物的原地原位测年微束分析方法比较与微区晶体化学研究

系统地对比分析了各种微束分析技术在原地原位测年中的优势和局限性,并对近年发展的微区原位化学测年技术(EPMA)和质子激发X射线微探针分析技术(μ-PIXE)进行了探讨.阐明了矿物微区晶体化学研究的各种方法及其对实现精确原地原位测年的重要性.介绍了北大别黄土岭麻粒岩锆石测定点的晶体化学特征,应用激光剥蚀微探针-感应耦合等离子体质谱(LAM-ICPMS)技术对其进行了锆石的U-Pb表面年龄的测定,结果表明该岩石的麻粒岩相变质发生在2.050 Ga前,锆石来源为多源区.